This thesis explores the evolution and limitations of regulatory and historic district overlay zones and the inherent conflicts between the two as applied in Virginia. Historic district overlay zoning and the establishment of local historic districts and design review boards has developed in response to the failures of traditional zoning techniques to adequately protect the architectural character of Virginia’s historic urban landscapes. After almost fifty years of practice and improvement in the fields of urban planning and historic preservation, synchronizing regulatory and historic district overlay zones still presents difficulties for municipal administrators. Several Virginia jurisdictions are highlighted in the thesis to provide an insight into the application of these planning and preservation paradigms. These different municipal codes will provide a sample set of the most common problems which exist between regulatory and historic district overlay zoning. These issues include-design, nonconforming uses, code and conflicting ordinances, appeals, and demolitions by neglect clauses. While this thesis seeks to identify the most common problems found between regulatory and historic districts within Virginia it is not comprehensive nor does it provide recommendations for how to address the inherent conflicts.

Em junho de 1955, o periódico inglês The Architectural Review publicou uma edição especial chamada Outrage escrita pelo jovem crítico Ian Douglas Nairn (1930-1983) que teve um profundo impacto no debate sobre a reconstrução do pós-guerra. Essa dissertação analisa a trajetória intelectual e profissional de Ian Nairn e seu envolvimento com um modelo de intervenção ambiental e metodologia de projeto urbano articulada pela The Architectural Review a partir de 1947 e conhecida com o nome de Townscape. Ao explorar o contexto histórico e cultural na Grã-Bretanha do pós-guerra e o clima intelectual específico na Review essa pesquisa pretende avaliar a esquecida contribuição de Nairn em promover o ideário Townscape na Grã-Bretanha e no exterior. Também pretende demonstrar como esse ideário determinou sua visão e esteve presentes não apenas em seu trabalho para a Review mas também em uma diversa gama de mídia. Não só sua visão era profundamente influenciada pelo ideário Townscape mas podemos afirmar que ele acrescentou ao Townscape algo muito pessoal e essa marca foi importante para a visibilidade dos princípios Townscape e portanto para uma ampla penetração dos mesmos. / In June 1955, the English periodical The Architectural Review published a special edition called Outrage by young critic Ian Douglas Nairn (1930-1983), which had a profound impact on the post-war reconstruction debate. This dissertation analyzes Ian Nairn\'s professional and intellectual trajectory, and his involvement with a model of environmental intervention and urban design methodology articulated by the Architectural Review beginning in 1947 and known under the rubric of Townscape. By exploring the historical and cultural context of post-war Great Britain, as well as the specific cultural climate within the Review, this study aims to assess Nairn\'s largely forgotten contribution in promoting Townscape ideals both in Great Britain and abroad. It also aims to demonstrate how these ideals determined his vision and were present not only in his work at the Review but also across a wide range of media. In addition, we also assert that Nairn added his own unique signature, which was key to the increasing visibility of Townscape ideals and therefore to their dissemination.

Em junho de 1955, o periódico inglês The Architectural Review publicou uma edição especial chamada Outrage escrita pelo jovem crítico Ian Douglas Nairn (1930-1983) que teve um profundo impacto no debate sobre a reconstrução do pós-guerra. Essa dissertação analisa a trajetória intelectual e profissional de Ian Nairn e seu envolvimento com um modelo de intervenção ambiental e metodologia de projeto urbano articulada pela The Architectural Review a partir de 1947 e conhecida com o nome de Townscape. Ao explorar o contexto histórico e cultural na Grã-Bretanha do pós-guerra e o clima intelectual específico na Review essa pesquisa pretende avaliar a esquecida contribuição de Nairn em promover o ideário Townscape na Grã-Bretanha e no exterior. Também pretende demonstrar como esse ideário determinou sua visão e esteve presentes não apenas em seu trabalho para a Review mas também em uma diversa gama de mídia. Não só sua visão era profundamente influenciada pelo ideário Townscape mas podemos afirmar que ele acrescentou ao Townscape algo muito pessoal e essa marca foi importante para a visibilidade dos princípios Townscape e portanto para uma ampla penetração dos mesmos. / In June 1955, the English periodical The Architectural Review published a special edition called Outrage by young critic Ian Douglas Nairn (1930-1983), which had a profound impact on the post-war reconstruction debate. This dissertation analyzes Ian Nairn\'s professional and intellectual trajectory, and his involvement with a model of environmental intervention and urban design methodology articulated by the Architectural Review beginning in 1947 and known under the rubric of Townscape. By exploring the historical and cultural context of post-war Great Britain, as well as the specific cultural climate within the Review, this study aims to assess Nairn\'s largely forgotten contribution in promoting Townscape ideals both in Great Britain and abroad. It also aims to demonstrate how these ideals determined his vision and were present not only in his work at the Review but also across a wide range of media. In addition, we also assert that Nairn added his own unique signature, which was key to the increasing visibility of Townscape ideals and therefore to their dissemination.

La thèse porte sur le renouveau de la culture architecturale, intervenu grâce à l'action d'un milieu de jeunes architectes français dans les années 1960 et 1970 qui sont devenus les acteurs principaux des Unités Pédagogiques d'Architecture et en ont fait le lieu de la refondation de l'enseignement de l'architecture et de la naissance de la recherche architecturale. La recherche prend pour support principal d'analyse la revue Architecture Mouvement Continuité publiée entre 1969 et 1981 par la SADG. Si la période traitée correspond d'abord à la vie de la revue, elle se réfère aussi à une histoire plus générale de la société française et de l'architecture contemporaine en France dans une période de changements profonds. En effet, l'intérêt principal de la revue vient du fait que son histoire se soit nouée avec les réalités extérieures complexes. Au coeur de ce renouveau culture, il y a un regard sur l'objet architectural, voire une redéfinition de celui-ci étroitement liée à la construction de l'identité de ces jeunes architectes. Les épisodes constituant l'histoire d'AMC illustrent le projet de ses acteurs d'él argir la discipline architecturale, en donnant une autre légitimité au travail de l'architecte. Ce projet a été élaboré principalement par le biais de la recherche historique, et ce dans le rapport étroit de deux pôles qui paraissent a priori opposés : "connaissance" et "projet" dont le rapport mutuel et productif est fondamental dans ce renouveau culturel / The research aims to understand the renewal of architectural culture, which occurred through the action of a circle of young French architects of the 1960s and 1970s. They have become the key players in the foundation of the Unités Pédagogiques d'Architecture and made the place of remaking architectural education and the birth of architectural research. Our research takes, as the main support of study, the architectural review Architecture Mouvement Continuité published by the SADG between 1967 and 1981. If this period corresponds to the life of the magazine, it also refers to the broad history of society and the contemporary architecture in France in the period of profound changes. Indeed, the main interest of the magazine is that his story is tied with external realities complex. In the middle of this cultural renewal, there is a reconsideration of the architectural object, even a redefinition of it closely related to the construction of the identity of those young architects. The episodes constituting the history of AMC illustrate the project of his actors to broaden the architectural discipline, giving a new legitimacy to the work of architect. This redefinition was done through historical researches – a review of the “Modern movement”, the history of social housing and early-urbanism in France - , in the close relationship of two poles that seem a priori opposed : "knowledge" and "project", whose productive mutual relationship is fundamental to the understanding this cultural renewal

Detta projekt har haft som syfte att producera och grafiskt formge det kommande numret av tidskriftsapplikationen Scandinavian Architectural Review för förlaget It Is Media Svenska AB i Stockholm. Skapandet har utgått från applikationens tidigare grafiska profil och har ämnat att följa tidigare utseende och funktioner utan nya tillägg. Hela produktionen har skapats genom Adobe InDesigns tilläggstjänst Adobe Digital Publishing Suite. Efter att produktionen färdigställts har en analys gjorts av den färdiga applikationen enligt en heuristisk utvärdering ur ett människa-datorinteraktionsperspektiv, till vilken David Benyons tolv designprinciper har  tillämpats. Till stöd i analysarbetet har ett aktivitetsdiagram skapats för att ge en god överblick över hela tidskriftens disposition. Analysen har slutligen resulterat i en åtgärdslista med förslag på förbättringar av applikationen för att öka dess användarvänlighet, vilket framför allt har lyft fram behovet av tydligare grafisk design av interaktiva element, ett förbättrat system för att ge användaren återkoppling samt ökad konsekvens och flexibilitet. / This project has aimed to produce and design the upcoming edition of the magazine application Scandinavian Architectural Review for the publisher It Is Media Svenska AB in Stockholm. The production has been based on the application’s prior graphic profile and has intended to follow previous appearance and functions without new additions. The entire production has been created using the Adobe InDesign plugin Adobe Digital Publishing Suite. After the production was finished an analysis of the completed application was performed according to a heuristic evaluation, which was based on the twelve design principles of David Benyon in a perspective of human-computer interaction. To support the analytical work an activity diagram was created to get a comprehensive view of the entire disposition of the application. The analysis has resulted in a list of actions and suggestions to improve the application and its usability, which particularly emphasize the need of a clearer design of the interactive elements, an improved system to give the user feedback as well as an increased consistency and flexibility.