Thesis (doctoral)--Universitate Friderica Guilelma Berolinensi, 1909. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss.--Département d'études classiques--Göteborg Universitet, 1995. / Résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 243-257. Index.

The last three decades have produced a number of publications devoted to the revision of Athanasius of Alexandria's "Arian Controversy". The fruits of this re-evaluation highlight the complexities of post-Nicene theology long ignored in the shadow of Athanasius' crude "Arian" versus "orthodox" binary. It is now widely accepted in patristic studies that "Arian" was not a self-designation nor was the presbyter who lent his name to the heresy all that crucial a figure. A handful of scholars have moved beyond these helpful developments to revise the "Arian Controversy" out of existence. For some, "Arianism" was a rhetorical construct of a power hungry and abusive bishop who indiscriminately branded his personal opponents. Likewise, this revisionist thesis dismisses the activity of any "Eusebians", opting for the complete rejection of conflicting "parties". What remains is not alternate theologies and a genuine dispute, but a phantasmal "Athanasian Arianism". This dissertation analyzes this re-shaping of the post-Nicene years and offers a modest remonstrance to the most extreme aspects of the "Arian Controversy" revision. The study does not want to return to a place of Athanasian hagiography, but rather argue that "Arian" served as a useful polemical heuristic to identify a distinct theology that the bishop (and others) found unacceptable. After outlining the erosion of the "Arian Controversy", the thesis marshals evidence supporting a substantive theological dispute over which divergent networks clashed. In this vein, the work wants to recapture a genuine historical theology in that not everything is reducible to politics. The thesis argues that there is a responsible way of reading Athanasius' charged polemic.

Fish has long been highly regarded for its significant nutritional value. However, the presence of highly unsaturated fatty acids and high levels of cholesterol in some species, associated to the technological procedures employed in the processing, favor the oxidation of cholesterol. Cholesterol oxides are linked to adverse biological effects such as cytotoxicity, atherogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Important issues related to cholesterol oxides, their formation in food, and their biological effects were revised in this paper, mainly addressing their occurrence in fish. In view of the lack of information regarding the chemical composition of locally consumed fish, an assessment was made of the nutritional value and the occurrence of cholesterol oxides in the mandim fish (Arius spixii) marketed in Maceió-AL, Brazil. Centesimal composition, calorie count, chloride, fatty acid and cholesterol profile, and cholesterol oxide levels were determined for both fresh and processed (salted-dried) fish. Respective results for fresh and processed mandim fish were: moisture (70.13% and 40.31%), proteins (51.73% and 38.07%, dried), carbohyrdrates (4.67% and 2.24%, dried), calories (485.61 kcal/100g and 366.89 kcal/100g, dried), fatty acids (omega-3 8.51% and 6.51%), cholesterol (82.66 mg/100g and 61.30 mg/100g) and oxides (7-ketocholesterol 8.31 μg/g and 17.90 μg/g). These figures led to the conclusion that the mandim fish has significant nutritional value, although the lack of criteria and proper technique in its processing did promote the loss of nutrients and the formation of cholesterol oxides, thus highlighting the need for a thorough assessment of the procedures employed in handling the locally consumed fish in order to implement measures to safeguard its quality. / O pescado tem sido destacado como alimento de significativo valor nutricional. Mas a presença em sua fração lipídica de ácidos graxos com alto grau de insaturação e de níveis elevados de colesterol em algumas espécies, associada aos procedimentos tecnológicos a que são submetidos, favorece a oxidação do colesterol. Os óxidos de colesterol estão relacionados a efeitos biológicos adversos como citotoxidade, aterogenicidade, mutagenicidade e carcinogenicidade. Neste trabalho, foram revisadas questões importantes envolvendo os óxidos de colesterol, sua formação em alimentos e efeitos biológicos, enfocando aspectos da sua ocorrência em pescado. Foram avaliados ainda, considerando a escassez de informações a cerca da composição química do pescado de consumo regional, o valor nutricional e a ocorrência de óxidos de colesterol no peixe mandim (Arius spixii) comercializado em Maceió-AL, sendo determinados nas suas formas in natura e beneficiada (salgado-seco) a composição centesimal, valor calórico, cloretos, perfil de ácidos graxos, colesterol e óxidos de colesterol. Os resultados obtidos para o mandim in natura e beneficiado, respectivamente, de umidade (70,13% e 40,31%), proteínas (51,73% e 38,07%, base seca), carboidratos (4,67% e 2,24%, base seca), calorias (485,61 kcal/100g e 366,89 kcal/100g, base seca), ácidos graxos (ômega-3 8,51% e 6,51%), colesterol (82,66 mg/100g e 61,30 mg/100g) e óxidos (7-cetocolesterol 8,31 μg/g e 17,90 μg/g), permitiram concluir que o mandim é um peixe de significativo valor nutricional, mas que o beneficiamento, procedido sem técnica e critérios, favoreceu a perda de nutrientes e a formação de derivados oxidados do colesterol, indicando a necessidade de avaliação mais completa dos procedimentos de manipulação do pescado consumido e comercializado na região para implantação de medidas que assegurem o controle de sua qualidade. Palavras-chave: peixe, Arius spixii, composição centesimal, cloretos, ácidos graxos, colesterol, óxidos de colesterol.

Athanase d’Alexandrie est connu par les historiens de l’Église comme étant le pasteur et le théologien qui incarne et défend la foi chrétienne traditionnelle concernant le mystère de l’incarnation du Logos. Lorsque un concile est convoqué à Nicée, en 325, pour mettre fin à la crise christologique suscitée par la prédication d’Arius, le « pape d’Égypte » se déclare le défenseur acharné du « symbole de foi » signé à cette occasion et dont l’originalité était constituée par l’introduction du terme Ôjio o u c t iq s , le Fils est consubstantiel au Père. Nos recherches ont eu pour but de montrer que le Logos de Dieu fait chair pour notre salut par philanthropie divine occupe une place centrale dans la pensée de l’évêque alexandrin. Nourrit par les Écritures et animé par la foi et l’amour du Christ, Athanase se montre un théologien et un catéchète passionné pour l’incarnation du Logos. Son désir et de transmettre à ses fidèles la profonde conviction qui l’habite : « Le Logos s’est fait lui-même homme pour que nous soyons faits Dieu ». Pour cela, il faut qu’il soit vrai homme et vrai Dieu.

To accomplish the purpose of this thesis an examination of the hermeneutical method expounded by Athanasius will be made. There are three books that comprise Contra Arianos so the progression of this thesis will follow the progression of the stated Athanasian work. This thesis will also review the relevant passages that Athanasius utilizes to present his case for the Eternal Sonship of Jesus Christ. This review will adequately demonstrate the Athanasian Trinitarian concept of eternal, functional subordination of the Son to the Father. The thesis will also review the word ”homoousios” in order to support the conclusions of Contra Arianos. The word ”homoousios” was the term that became the official recognized position of orthodox Christology at the Council of Nicea. The need for such a review arises from the academic concern that the word ”homoousios” may exclude the idea of functional subordination. A review of this word (along with its history) seems appropriate. However, the conclusion (and defense of that conclusion) that will be presented is that homoousios is not mutually incompatible with the idea of ”functional subordination” in a temporal or eternal relationship. This term and concept will adequately demonstrate that an eternal, functional subordination relationship exists between the Father and Son from the Athanasian point of view. Historical and background studies, which will help interpret and clarify cultural meanings, will also be employed to enhance the study of this thesis. Finally, certain conclusions will be presented showing the results of the study. The conclusions will attempt to answer questions that have undoubtedly arisen in the mind of the informed reader of ancient theology and may help identify and even address contemporary issues concerning the Christological and Trinitarian doctrines. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Theological Studies)

To accomplish the purpose of this thesis an examination of the hermeneutical method expounded by Athanasius will be made. There are three books that comprise Contra Arianos so the progression of this thesis will follow the progression of the stated Athanasian work. This thesis will also review the relevant passages that Athanasius utilizes to present his case for the Eternal Sonship of Jesus Christ. This review will adequately demonstrate the Athanasian Trinitarian concept of eternal, functional subordination of the Son to the Father. The thesis will also review the word ”homoousios” in order to support the conclusions of Contra Arianos. The word ”homoousios” was the term that became the official recognized position of orthodox Christology at the Council of Nicea. The need for such a review arises from the academic concern that the word ”homoousios” may exclude the idea of functional subordination. A review of this word (along with its history) seems appropriate. However, the conclusion (and defense of that conclusion) that will be presented is that homoousios is not mutually incompatible with the idea of ”functional subordination” in a temporal or eternal relationship. This term and concept will adequately demonstrate that an eternal, functional subordination relationship exists between the Father and Son from the Athanasian point of view. Historical and background studies, which will help interpret and clarify cultural meanings, will also be employed to enhance the study of this thesis. Finally, certain conclusions will be presented showing the results of the study. The conclusions will attempt to answer questions that have undoubtedly arisen in the mind of the informed reader of ancient theology and may help identify and even address contemporary issues concerning the Christological and Trinitarian doctrines. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Studies)