Com a decretação, pelo regime militar, do Ato Institucional n° 2 (AI-2), em outubro de 1965, todos os civis e militares acusados de infringirem a Lei de Segurança Nacional passaram a ser processados pela Justiça Castrense. Entre 1967 e 1968, surgiram no Brasil várias organizações comunistas que propunham o recurso às armas no combate contra o regime vigente e pela implementação do socialismo. Dentre estes agrupamentos, um dos mais importantes foi a Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN), cuja principal liderança foi Carlos Marighella. O presente trabalho debruça-se sobre o julgamento de militantes da ALN por tribunais militares. Recorreu-se à análise de autos de processos instaurados contra a organização em São Paulo para embasar o estudo. É abordada a atuação dos delegados de polícia, responsáveis pelos inquéritos que originaram os processos, assim como a atuação dos procuradores, vinculados ao Ministério Público. Além disto, trata-se do comportamento e das estratégias utilizadas pelos réus e por seus advogados. Finalmente, são apresentados um levantamento quantitativo das decisões judiciais e os critérios decisórios dos juízes, enfatizando sua preocupação com a readequação social dos réus. O período abrangido pela pesquisa inicia-se em 1969 quando os primeiros processos contra a ALN foram abertos - e termina em 1979 ano em que todos os julgamentos de militantes da organização foram interrompidos, por conta da anistia política. / With the decree by the Brazilian military regime of Institutional Act No. 2 (IA-2) in October 1965, all civilian and military defendants accused of violating the National Security Law were to be judged by military tribunals. In 1967 and 1968 several communist organizations emerged to support armed resistance against the regime and the implantation of socialism. One of the most important of these groups was National Liberating Action (NLA), whose principal leader was Carlos Marighella. The present work analyzes the trials of NLA militants in military tribunals. The primary sources are the court documents of cases filed against the NLA in São Paulo. This study focuses on the actions of the police chiefs in charge of the investigations that led to charges and also the prosecutors employed by the Brazilian Justice Department. In addition, the study examines the behavior and strategies used by the defendants and their lawyers. Finally, this project presents a quantitative investigation of the judicial rulings and the criteria used by the respective judges, in particular their concern for the social readjustment of the defendants. The period covered begins with 1969 - when the first cases were brought against the NLA - and ends in 1979 - when all cases against the organization came to a halt because of the political amnesty declared by the government.

Com a decretação, pelo regime militar, do Ato Institucional n° 2 (AI-2), em outubro de 1965, todos os civis e militares acusados de infringirem a Lei de Segurança Nacional passaram a ser processados pela Justiça Castrense. Entre 1967 e 1968, surgiram no Brasil várias organizações comunistas que propunham o recurso às armas no combate contra o regime vigente e pela implementação do socialismo. Dentre estes agrupamentos, um dos mais importantes foi a Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN), cuja principal liderança foi Carlos Marighella. O presente trabalho debruça-se sobre o julgamento de militantes da ALN por tribunais militares. Recorreu-se à análise de autos de processos instaurados contra a organização em São Paulo para embasar o estudo. É abordada a atuação dos delegados de polícia, responsáveis pelos inquéritos que originaram os processos, assim como a atuação dos procuradores, vinculados ao Ministério Público. Além disto, trata-se do comportamento e das estratégias utilizadas pelos réus e por seus advogados. Finalmente, são apresentados um levantamento quantitativo das decisões judiciais e os critérios decisórios dos juízes, enfatizando sua preocupação com a readequação social dos réus. O período abrangido pela pesquisa inicia-se em 1969 quando os primeiros processos contra a ALN foram abertos - e termina em 1979 ano em que todos os julgamentos de militantes da organização foram interrompidos, por conta da anistia política. / With the decree by the Brazilian military regime of Institutional Act No. 2 (IA-2) in October 1965, all civilian and military defendants accused of violating the National Security Law were to be judged by military tribunals. In 1967 and 1968 several communist organizations emerged to support armed resistance against the regime and the implantation of socialism. One of the most important of these groups was National Liberating Action (NLA), whose principal leader was Carlos Marighella. The present work analyzes the trials of NLA militants in military tribunals. The primary sources are the court documents of cases filed against the NLA in São Paulo. This study focuses on the actions of the police chiefs in charge of the investigations that led to charges and also the prosecutors employed by the Brazilian Justice Department. In addition, the study examines the behavior and strategies used by the defendants and their lawyers. Finally, this project presents a quantitative investigation of the judicial rulings and the criteria used by the respective judges, in particular their concern for the social readjustment of the defendants. The period covered begins with 1969 - when the first cases were brought against the NLA - and ends in 1979 - when all cases against the organization came to a halt because of the political amnesty declared by the government.

The Master Thesis Engagement of Obama's Administration in the Syrian Civil War is dealing with the role of the United States in the conflict. This work studies the approach of Obama's administration toward the situation in country from the beginning of the revolution until the end of president's second tenure. It analyzes the development of this approach and key events that influenced its shape. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first is dealing with the background of the crisis, historical development of relations between the US and Syria and the broader context of Obama's Middle East policy. The second part analyzes specific period of time between the start of the revolution until 2014. It follows key events that had profound effect on the inner dynamics of the conflict and phenomenon that were shaping the situation in Syria, like the rising influence of the radicals among the opposition. It also analyzes in detail the chemical attack in Ghouta from 2013, which almost led Washington to direct intervention and is regarded as one of the most important events in Obama's foreign policy. The third part is dealing with the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and American-led intervention against this terrorist organization. The thesis was written with the help of different sources such as...