Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la synthèse d’hétérocycles arylés via l’activation de liaisons sp2 C-H d’hétéroaromatiques et à la synthèse d’alcènes arylés halo-substitués catalysée par le palladium. Les produits obtenus sont considérés comme des briques moléculaires, intéressantes pour les biochimistes, ainsi que pour la préparation de matériaux. Le système catalytique Pd(MeCN)2Cl2/Li2CO3/dioxane permet l’accès direct à une grande variété de molécules arylées à partir d’hétéroarènes ou d’alcènes et de chlorures de benzènesulfonyle. Nous avons mis au point une méthode permettant l’arylation directe en position β de sélénophènes à partir de sélénophènes et de chlorures de benzènesulfonyle. Nous avons également montré que l’utilisation de chlorures de benzènesulfonyle (poly)halogénés permet de synthétiser par des réactions pallado-catalysées des hétéroarènes arylés, des stilbènes ou des cinnamates (poly)halo-substitués. / In this thesis we have been interested in the synthesis of arylated heterocycles via the activation of sp2 C-H bonds of heteroaromatics and to the synthesis of halo-substituted arylated alkenes using palladium-catalysis. The products obtained are considered to be molecular bricks which are of interest to biochemists as well as to the preparation of materials. The catalyst system Pd(MeCN)2Cl2/Li2CO3/dioxane allows the direct access to a wide variety of arylated molecules from heteroarenes or alkenes and benzenesulfonyl chlorides. We have developed a method for the direct β-arylation of selenophenes from selenophenes and benzenesulfonyl chlorides. We have also shown that the use of (poly)halogenated benzenesulfonyl chlorides makes it possible to synthesize, by Pd-catalyzed reactions, (poly)halo-substituted arylated heteroarenes, stilbenes or cinnamates.

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This thesis describes novel reaction protocols for the synthesis of diaryliodonium salts and also provides an insight to the mechanism of α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with diaryliodonium salts.  The first chapter gives a general introduction to the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry, mainly focusing on recent developments and applications of diaryliodonium salts. Chapter two describes the synthesis of electron-rich to electron-poor diaryliodonium triflates, in moderate to excellent yields from a range of arenes and iodoarenes. In chapter three, it is described that molecular iodine can be used together with arenes in a direct one-pot, three-step synthesis of symmetric diaryliodonium triflates. A large scale synthesis of bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium triflate is also described, controlled and verified by an external research group, further demonstrating the reliability of this methodology. The fourth chapter describes the development of a sequential one-pot synthesis of diaryliodonium salts from aryl iodides and boronic acids, furnishing symmetric and unsymmetric, electron-rich to electron-poor diaryliodonium tetrafluoroborates in moderate to excellent yields. This method was developed to overcome the regiochemical limitations imposed by the reaction mechanism in the protocols described in the preceding chapters. Chapter five describes a one-pot synthesis of heteroaromatic iodonium salts under similar conditions described in chapter two. The final chapter describes the reaction of enolates with chiral diaryliodonium salts or together with a phase transfer catalyst yielding racemic products. DFT calculations were performed, which revealed a low lying energy transition state (TS) between intermediates, which is believed to be responsible for the lack of selectivity observed in the experimental work. It is also proposed that a [2,3] rearrangement is preferred over a [1,2] rearrangement in the α-arylation of carbonyl compounds. The synthetic methodology described in this thesis is the most generally applicable, efficient and high-yielding to date for the synthesis of diaryliodonium salts, making these reagents readily available for various applications in synthesis.

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