The present essay studies the functions of journey and ascent as recurrent motifs in A Day in the Life of a Smiling Woman by Margaret Drabble. The relationships between the geographical and psychological journeys and ascents are explored. Chapter 2 of the core analysis presents the four themes in which the protagonists articulate their strength and self-worth. Chapter 3 is devoted to the comparative analysis of the structures of the geographical and psychological journeys and ascents (item 3.2) and the study of the author's multiple angles on marriage, adultery and widowhood (item 3.3).

The buoyancy (or density = mass volume-1) of marine larval fish is influenced by their nutritional status, starved larvae being less dense than fed larvae of like age. Buoyancy has, therefore, been proposed as an indicator by which to assess the nutritional condition of marine fish larvae in experiments and in situ. It has also been hypothesized that larval fish experiencing advanced starvation will exhibit increased density due to water loss resulting from osmoregulatory breach and failure. The magnitude of osmoregulation-related changes in density has not been examined and its influence on interpretations of nutritional condition and vertical distributions are unknown. Through a series of controlled laboratory experiments performed on larvae of cod (Gadus morhua L.), I developed evidence that osmoregulatory breach and failure has a strong positive effect on the density of larval fish, and that this effect on density is not limited to larvae experiencing advanced stages of starvation. These effects of osmotic breach and failure are sufficient to obscure effects resulting exclusively from nutritionally caused changes in density. Hence, if not identified and controlled these osmotically driven density changes can bias parameterization of buoyancy-related condition indices. I developed methods for isolating nutritional and osmotic effects. This facilitated the calibration of a nutritionally based density index with which to evaluate the nutritional state of cod larvae. Comparison of the calibrated density assay with a suite of widely used indices of condition (morphometric, behavioural and biochemical) showed density to be superior in its capacity to correctly classify larvae with respect to their nutritional state. The density index was also less subject to bias resulting from uncontrolled changes in larval size. A linear regression model based on these findings was developed to assess the relationship between density as an index of condition and near-term larval

The aim of this thesis is to explore Gregory of Nyssa’s tabernacle imagery, as presented in Life of Moses 2.170-201. This part of Life of Moses has suffered from relative neglect compared to the scholarly attention conferred on Gregory’s apophatic darkness imagery. For the purposes of this study, Life of Moses 2.162-201 has been divided into nine consecutive sections, given the following headings: Darkness; The tabernacle ‘not made with hands’; Christological interpretation; Divine names; Heavenly powers; The earthly tabernacle; Heavenly and earthly worship; The holy of holies; The priestly vestments. Each section is analysed in the same way. Firstly, Gregory’s text is examined, and his biblical sources identified. Secondly, there is a presentation of relevant passages in the work of his Alexandrian predecessors – Philo, Clement and Origen. Thirdly, there is a discussion of the ways in which Gregory’s fourth century theological context has influenced his interpretation, often causing him to differ from his predecessors. It is under this heading of ‘theological context’ that contemporary scholarly discussions about Gregory are most in evidence. Fourthly, a heuristic comparison with a range of heavenly ascent texts from the Hellenistic and Late Antique worlds is undertaken. It is this methodology of heuristic comparison which is the experimental aspect of the thesis. The aim is not to prove influence, but to use heavenly ascent texts as a foil, in order to shed new light on Gregory’s imagery. Does Gregory’s interpretation of the tabernacle come into focus when viewed through the lens of heavenly ascent? In order to answer this question, the scholarship on heavenly ascent texts is mined for new ways of looking at Life of Moses. The conclusions begin by reviewing the methodology. It is argued that although many of the themes explored stem from the biblical text, and occur in Gregory’s Alexandrian predecessors, the richness of possibilities they provide, and therefore the choices made by Gregory, only become apparent when his work is compared and contrasted with a wide range of other heavenly ascent texts. Even in the case of a fourth century Christian work heavily influenced by Platonism, attending to the Jewish matrix of Christian mysticism pays dividends. The conclusions continue by listing the key ideas discovered in Life of Moses 2.170-201. They end by discussing the relationships between mysticism, theology and politics in Gregory’s tabernacle imagery. It is argued that Gregory holds all three together. This is typical of heavenly ascent texts, which combine descriptions of religious experience with claims to authoritative knowledge. For Gregory, the high point of Moses’ ascent into the darkness of Mount Sinai is the mystery of Christian doctrine. The heavenly tabernacle is a type of the heavenly Christ. This mystery is beyond intellectual comprehension, it can only be grasped by faith; and only the select few, destined for positions of responsibility, should even attempt to do so. But its benefits are available to all through the community’s worship in the earthly tabernacle. Anyone can aspire to wear an airy, angelic robe by living a life of virtue, in which faith and practice go hand in hand.

No description available.

A pitch-control predictor-corrector ascent guidance algorithm has been developed and evaluated for a rocket-based upper stage of a two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Detailed descriptions of the predictor-corrector algorithm and a neural network loop modification are given. The mission requirement is insertion into a stable 50 x 100 nmi orbit at 375,000 ft altitude, coasting toward apogee at a positive inertial flight path angle. Three degree-of-freedom trajectory analysis is performed using the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST2). Results of Monte Carlo simulations including uncertainties in atmosphere, thrust, aerodynamics and initial state are presented and compared to trajectories optimized for maximum injected weight. / Master of Science

Title: First ascent in Big Wall The sumary: This thesis is devoted to rock-climbing and especially to unique big wall climbing. This thesis is focused on a special discipine of the climbing Big Walls - first ascent. It should provide complete strategy and technique of big wall rock-climbing. It consists of history of Big Wall climbing, basic equipment, technique, tactics, methods of first ascent and many other specific aspects. This thesis should also help with comprehension of the basic as well as the more specific technique of firs ascent in the Big Wall. Keywords: Mountaineering, Big Wall, first ascents

O Huanglongbing (HLB) é a doença mais limitante para a produção de citros no mundo na atualidade. A alta capacidade de disseminação das bactérias associadas ao HLB pode estar associada com a movimentação do psilídeo vetor, Diaphorina citri, não apenas entre pomares vizinhos, mas também a longas distâncias. A análise de comportamento de dispersão em populações de D. citri e outras espécies de Psylloidea foi abordada mediante o monitoramento espaço-temporal de populações de psilídeos em diferentes alturas e em planta. O monitoramento foi realizado em dois contextos da disseminação primária do HLB, sendo áreas circunvizinhas de pomares comerciais de citros com manejo convencional no Estado de São Paulo. O monitoramento em alturas foi realizado por meio de armadilhas adesivas amarelas alocadas em duas alturas (2,5 e 7,5 m) e armadilha de sucção estacionária. Nos pontos monitorados foram selecionadas plantas hospedeiras de D. citri, amostradas quinzenalmente por meio de rede de varredura e armadilha de sucção portátil. Nos dois contextos foi encontrada correlação positiva entre abundância das espécies de psilídeos em relação às alturas e as épocas de monitoramento. No contexto de \"plantas de fundo de quintal\" coletaram-se 48.8% de psilídeos a 2,5 m e 51.2% a 7,5 m. No contexto de \"pomares com manejo deficiente\" foi encontrado 48.4% dos indivíduos a 2,5 m e 51.6% a 7,5 m. Foram coletados 148.802 espécimes de psilídeos por meio de armadilhas adesivas amarelas, pertencentes a 6 famílias e 24 gêneros, sendo que as espécies mais frequentes e constantes foram Heteropsylla sp., Isogonoceraia divergipennis, Mitrapsylla spp., Glycaspis brimblecombei e Trioza sp. No contexto de \"plantas de fundo de quintal\" a frequência de D. citri em alturas foi 1.5% e em planta foi 70.3%. No contexto de pomares com manejo deficiente, a frequência de D. citri em alturas foi 0.11% e em planta foi 81.8%. A maior densidade de psilídeos (incluindo D. citri) ocorreu do final do inverno até o começo do verão, sendo particularmente concentrada na primavera em ambos os contextos tanto nas áreas circunvizinhas como na borda dos pomares comerciais de citros. CLas foi detectada em 40% dos indivíduos de D. citri encontrados a 7,5 m e em 63.3% dos indivíduos coletados em plantas cítricas. A detecção de CLas foi negativa para as outras espécies de Psylloidea coletadas em altura e em plantas hospedeiras de D. citri. A correlação positiva entre psilídeos coletados a 2,5 m e 7,5 m evidencia possíveis movimentos de ascensão vertical nas camadas atmosféricas. A coleta de psilídeos a alturas superiores à da copa de plantas cítricas (como 7,5 m) evidencia possíveis movimentos de longa distância, sugerindo que os insetos estejam sendo transportados pelo vento. A análise da ocorrência espaço-temporal de Psylloidea em armadilhas adesivas pode auxiliar na previsão de movimentos a curta e longa distância de D. citri. / Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most limiting disease for the production of Citrus in the world today. The high dissemination capacity of the HLB-associated bacteria may be associated with the movement of the psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri, not only between neighboring groves, but also at long distances. The dispersion behavior analysis in populations of D. citri and other species of Psylloidea was approached through the spatio-temporal analysis of psyllid populations at different heights and plants. The monitoring was carried out in two contexts of the primary spread of HLB, in areas surrounding commercially managed groves in the State of São Paulo. Monitoring at heights was performed using yellow sticky traps allocated at two heights (2.5 and 7.5 m) and a stationery suction-trap. At the monitored points, host plants of D. citri were sampled biweekly by means of a sweep net and a portable suction device. In both contexts a positive correlation was found between the abundance of the species of psyllids in relation to the heights and the seasons of monitoring. In the context of backyard plants, 48.8% of the psyllids were collected at 2.5 m and 51.2% at 7.5m. In the context of poor management groves, 48.4% of the individuals were found at 2.5 m and 51.6% at 7.5 m. A total of 148,802 specimens of psyllids were collected using yellow sticky traps belonging to 6 families and 24 genera. The most frequent and constant species were Heteropsylla sp., Isogonoceraia divergipennis, Mitrapsylla spp., Glycaspis brimblecombei and Trioza sp. In the context of backyard plants the frequency of D. citri at the two sampling heights was 1.5% and on plants was 70.3%. In the context of poor management groves, the frequency of D. citri at the two heights was 0.11% and in plant was 81.8%. The highest density of psyllids occurred from late winter to early summer, but particularly concentrated in the spring in both contexts. Similarly, D. citri showed a population peak in the spring, both in the surrounding areas and on the edge of commercially managed Citrus groves. CLas was detected in 40% of the D. citri individuals found at 7.5 m and in 63.3% of the individuals collected on Citrus plants. The detection of CLas was negative for the other species of Psylloidea collected by yellow sticky traps and on host plants of D. citri. The positive correlation between psyllids collected at 2.5 m and 7.5 m shows possible vertical ascending movements in the atmospheric layers. The collection of psyllids at heights higher than the canopy of Citrus plants (e.g. 7.5 m) shows possible long distance movements, suggesting that the insects are being carried by the wind. The spatio-temporal analysis of Psylloidea in yellow sticky traps may aid in the prediction of short and long distance movements of D. citri.

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Civil Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 269-271. / Ph.D.

Subir e descer escadas são atividades funcionais habituais e muito relatadas como queixa principal por pacientes com alterações ortopédicas como a síndrome dolorosa femoropatelar - por ser um movimento que acarreta descarga de peso unilateral e assim causa um aumento da dor - e por pacientes com afecções neurológicas - devido à dificuldade na execução deste gesto. Além disso, a subida e descida de escadas é habitualmente utilizada como técnica terapêutica na reabilitação destes pacientes; porém poucos estudos foram realizados com o intuito de caracterizar este gesto e, estes estudos, concluem que a alta variabilidade dos dados não permite confirmar os resultados. Estudos com pacientes com dor femoropatelar usualmente avaliam estes sujeitos com eletromiografia de superfície e sugerem que exista um déficit de equilíbrio na musculatura estabilizadora da patela e que esta é a causa da dor nestes pacientes; porém, também há uma grande variabilidade nos resultados encontrados, não sendo possível confirmar esta hipótese. Neste contexto, este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar quais parâmetros do sinal eletromiográfico apresentaram boa reprodutibilidade e menor variabilidade e são, portanto, mais adequados para caracterizar o gesto proposto, podendo ser utilizado para comparar grupos de indivíduos com e sem dor femoropatelar. Para isto, foi utilizada a eletromiografia para avaliar a atividade dos músculos vasto lateral e vasto medial do quadríceps durante a subida de escada em 39 indivíduos clinicamente saudáveis e 23 indivíduos com dor femoropatelar. Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros que apresentaram boa reprodutibilidade entre os dois dias de avaliação foram: início de ativação, duração da contração muscular, tempo mediano da contração, intensidade do sinal, co-ativação muscular e frequência mediana. Dentre estes parâmetros, aqueles que permitiram diferenciar os grupos de estudo foram o tempo mediano da ativação, que ocorreu mais tardiamente nos indivíduos com dor e a co-ativação muscular, que demonstrou menor porcentagem de ativação conjunta nos indivíduos com dor. Estes dados indicam uma alteração no controle neuromotor durante a subida de escada, sugerindo que a abordagem clínica deva passar por treinos de equilíbrio, coordenação e propriocepção, para melhorar a estabilidade articular durante a realização de atividades dinâmicas. / Go up and down stairs are functional activities very habitual and reported as complaint for patients with orthopedic alterations as patellofemoral pain syndrome because it is a movement that carries unilateral weight bearing and thus cause an increase in pain and for patients with neurological disorders due to the difficulty in carrying out this gesture. Moreover, the ascent and descent of stairs is usually used as a therapeutic technique in the rehabilitation of these patients, but few studies have been conducted in order to characterize this gesture and, these studies conclude that the high variability of the data does not confirm the results. Studies on patients with patellofemoral pain usually assess these subjects with surface electromyography and suggest that there is a balance deficit in the patella stabilizer muscles and that this is the cause of pain in these patients, but there is also a great variability in the results, that does not allow to confirm this hypothesis. In this context, this study aimed to determine which parameters of electromyographic signals showed good reproducibility and low variability and are, therefore, more appropriate to characterize the proposed gesture and can be used to compare groups of individuals with and without patellofemoral pain. For this, we used electromyography to evaluate the activity of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis of the quadriceps during stair climbing in 39 clinically healthy individuals and 23 individuals with patellofemoral pain. The results showed that the parameters with good reproducibility between the two days of evaluation were: onset, duration of muscle contraction, median time of contraction, intensity of activation, muscular co-activation and median frequency. Among these parameters, those that could differentiate the groups were the median time of activation, which occurred later in subjects with pain and muscle co-activation, which showed a lower percentage of combined activation in individuals with joint pain. These data indicate a change in neuromotor control during stair climbing, suggesting that the clinical approach should undergo training of balance, coordination and proprioception, in order to improve joint stability while performing dynamic activities.

New surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty (THA) are being developed to reduce muscle damage sustained during surgery, in the hope to allow better muscle functioning afterwards. The goal of this study was to compare the muscle sparing anterior (ANT) approach to a traditional lateral (LAT) approach with three-dimensional motion analysis. Kinematics and kinetics were obtained with an infrared camera system and force plates. It was hypothesized that (1) the ANT group would have closer to normal range of motion, moments and powers, compared to the LAT group, and that (2) the ANT group would have higher peak hip abduction moment than the LAT group. Forty patients undergoing unilateral THA for osteoarthritis between the ages of 50 and 75 (20 ANT, 20 LAT) were asked to perform three trials of walking, stair ascent and stair descent. Patients were assessed between six to twelve months postoperatively. Twenty age- and weight-matched control participants (CON) provided normative data. Results indicated that both THA groups had gait anomalies compared to the CON group. Both THA groups had reduced hip abduction moment during walking (CON vs. ANT: p<0.001; CON vs. LAT: p=0.011), and the ANT group had a significantly lower hip abduction moment compared to the LAT group (p=0.008). Similar results were observed during stair descent, where the ANT group had reduced peak hip abduction moment compared to the CON group (p<0.001) and the LAT group (p=0.014). This indicates that the anterior approach did not allow better gait and stair climbing ability after THA. It is therefore thought that other variables, such as preoperative gait adaptations, trauma from the surgery, or postoperative protection mechanisms to avoid loading the prosthetic hip, are factors that might be more important than surgical approach in determining the mechanics of THA patients after surgery.