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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Assembly line balancing using hybrid genetic algorithms

Mapfaira, Herbert January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
2

Discrete event modelling and Simulation of an Assembly Line at GKN Driveline Köping AB

Yesilgul, Mustafa, Nasser, Firas January 2013 (has links)
Today’s economic conditions force companies and organizations to work more effectively in their processes due to different reasons.  Especially; after the Second World War, owing to the changing business perception and strong competition between companies, new terms such as productivity, flexible systems, efficiency, and lean came into industrial engineering discipline. However, these kinds of terms also brought a new question. How are they reached?  At that point, discrete event simulation has been used as an effective method to give an answer to this question. From this perspective; this project focuses on discrete event simulation and its role in real industrial processes. The main interest of this paper is discrete event simulation, but in this study we also tried to give some detailed information about other types of simulations such as continuous and discrete rate. Basically, we can say that this paper consists of several parts. In the beginning of this paper, the reader can find some theoretical information about simulation itself and the requirements for implementing it on real processes. Secondly, we tried to explain different types of simulations and the reason why we used discrete event simulation instead of continuous or discrete rate in our case study. Furthermore, one of the main areas of this research is to inform the reader about how computer support is used as a simulation tool by today’s companies. To do this, a powerful software, Extendsim8, is described in detail.  The reader is able to find all the information about how to create discrete event models in this software. In case study part, we are able to find the results of the five months work that we did between February and June at GKNDriveline Köping AB in Sweden. In these five months, we had been busy with analyzing an assembly line, collecting data, creating a simulation model, discussion with workers and engineers and doing some tests such as validation & verification. In this part, the reader can find all the information about the production line and the simulation model. In conclusion, reader can find the results of the project at the end with the visualization of future state. As it will be discussed repeatedly in the paper, validation is one of the important steps in a simulation project. Therefore, in order to see the reliability of our simulation model, different calculations and tests were made. Last of all, some of results will be shown by graphs and tables in order to give better insight to reader.
3

Το πρόβλημα της εξισορρόπησης γραμμών συναρμολόγησης στο τραπεζικό περιβάλλον

Κουτρούλη, Ευτυχία 10 June 2013 (has links)
Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξετάζουμε το θεωρητικό και το εμπειρικό υπόβαθρο των Προβλημάτων Εξισορρόπησης Γραμμών Συναρμολόγησης, την υποδειγματοποίηση τους και τις εφαρμογές τους. Αναλύουμε λεπτομερώς τις βασικές διαδικασίες επίλυσης των άνωθεν προβλημάτων όπως αυτές προτείνονται στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία. Επιπρόσθετα, εξετάζουμε τις εφαρμογές των Γραμμών Συναρμολόγησης στην παραγωγή προϊόντων και υπηρεσιών. Ειδικότερα, μελετάμε την Εξισορρόπηση των Γραμμών Συναρμολόγησης στον τομέα των υπηρεσιών με εμπειρική εφαρμογή στα τραπεζικά δάνεια. Στόχος της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση του τρόπου με τον οποίο ένα κλασσικό ζήτημα βιομηχανικής παραγωγής όπως είναι το πρόβλημα της εξισορρόπησης γραμμών συναρμολόγησης (που συναντιέται κύρια σε βιομηχανίες μαζικής παραγωγής τυποποιημένων προϊόντων όπως η αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία) εφαρμόζεται και στον τομέα των υπηρεσιών. Την λεπτομερή καταγραφή των σταδίων που συνδέονται με την παραγωγή τραπεζικών προϊόντων όπως είναι τα δάνεια, ακολουθεί σχετική μελέτη περίπτωσης. Η μελέτη αυτή χωρίζεται σε δύο βασικές περιπτώσεις. Με τη χρήση μιας σειράς μεθόδων οδηγούμαστε στην επίλυση του προβλήματος που διατυπώνουμε. Αναζητούμε την άριστη κατανομή των παραγωγικών συντελεστών για την επίτευξη του επιθυμητού αποτελέσματος. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο στόχος της εμπειρικής προσέγγισης είναι ο εντοπισμός του βέλτιστου αριθμού των αναγκαίων υπαλλήλων που πρέπει να ασχοληθούν με τις εργασίες δανειοδότησης λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τους περιορισμούς προήγησης στην ανάθεση των διαφόρων εργασιών. / -
4

Modelling and solving mixed-model parallel two-sided assembly line problems

Kucukkoc, Ibrahim January 2015 (has links)
The global competitive environment and the growing demand for personalised products have increased the interest of companies in producing similar product models on the same assembly line. Companies are forced to make significant structural changes to rapidly respond to diversified demands and convert their existing single-model lines into mixed-model lines in order to avoid unnecessary new line construction cost for each new product model. Mixed-model assembly lines play a key role in increasing productivity without compromising quality for manufacturing enterprises. The literature is extensive on assembling small-sized products in an intermixed sequence and assembling large-sized products in large volumes on single-model lines. However, a mixed-model parallel two-sided line system, where two or more similar products or similar models of a large-sized product are assembled on each of the parallel two-sided lines in an intermixed sequence, has not been of interest to academia so far. Moreover, taking model sequencing problem into consideration on a mixed-model parallel two-sided line system is a novel research topic in this domain. Within this context, the problem of simultaneous balancing and sequencing of mixed-model parallel two-sided lines is defined and described using illustrative examples for the first time in the literature. The mathematical model of the problem is also developed to exhibit the main characteristics of the problem and to explore the logic underlying the algorithms developed. The benefits of utilising multi-line stations between two adjacent lines are discussed and numerical examples are provided. An agent-based ant colony optimisation algorithm (called ABACO) is developed to obtain a generic solution that conforms to any model sequence and it is enhanced step-by-step to increase the quality of the solutions obtained. Then, the algorithm is modified with the integration of a model sequencing procedure (where the modified version is called ABACO/S) to balance lines by tracking the product model changes on each workstation in a complex production environment where each of the parallel lines may a have different cycle time. Finally, a genetic algorithm based model sequencing mechanism is integrated to the algorithm to increase the robustness of the obtained solutions. Computational tests are performed using test cases to observe the performances of the developed algorithms. Statistical tests are conducted through obtained results and test results establish that balancing mixed-model parallel two-sided lines together has a significant effect on the sought performance measures (a weighted summation of line length and the number of workstations) in comparison with balancing those lines separately. Another important finding of the research is that considering model sequencing problem along with the line balancing problem helps algorithm find better line balances with better performance measures. The results also indicate that the developed ABACO and ABACO/S algorithms outperform other test heuristics commonly used in the literature in solving various line balancing problems; and integrating a genetic algorithm based model sequencing mechanism into ABACO/S helps the algorithm find better solutions with less amount of computational effort.
5

Investigation of the workforce effect of an assembly line using multi-objective optimization

López De La Cova Trujillo, Miguel Angel, Bertilsson, Niklas January 2016 (has links)
ABSTRACT The aim of industrial production changed from mass production at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, production flexibility determines manufacturing companies' course of action. In this sense, Volvo Group Trucks Operations is interested in meeting customer demand in their assembly lines by adjusting manpower. Thus, this investigation attempts to analyze the effect of manning on the main final assembly line for thirteen-liter heavy-duty diesel engines at Volvo Group Trucks Operations in Skövde by means of discrete-event simulation. This project presents a simulation model that simulates the assembly line. With the purpose of building the model data were required. One the one hand, qualitative data were collected to improve the knowledge in the fields related to the project topic, as well as to solve the lack of information in certain points of the project. On the other hand, simulation model programming requires quantitative data. Once the model was completed, simulation results were obtained through simulation-based optimization. This optimization process tested 50,000 different workforce scenarios to find the most efficient solutions for three different sequences. Among all results, the most interesting one for Volvo is the one which render 80% of today’s throughput with the minimum number of workers. Consequently, as a case study, a bottleneck analysis and worker performance analysis was performed for this scenario. Finally, a flexible and fully functional model that delivers the desired results was developed. These results provide a comparison among different manning scenarios considering throughput as main measurement of the main final assembly line performance. After analyzing the results, system output behavior was revealed. This behavior allows predicting optimal system output for a given number of operators.
6

Balanceamento de linhas de produção com trabalhadores deficientes / Assembly lines balancing with disabled workers

Moreira, Mayron César de Oliveira 15 April 2011 (has links)
Pessoas portadoras de deficiências encontram enormes dificuldades ao tentarem entrar no mercado de trabalho. De fato, sobretudo em países em desenvolvimento, esta parcela significativa da população representa uma fração ínfima dos trabalhadores empregados. Dentre as iniciativas que tentam reverter este quadro, destaca-se a criação de Centros de Trabalhadores Deficientes (CTDs), empresas sem fins lucrativos que empregam pessoas portadoras de deficiências, geralmente em linhas de produção. Um dos fins últimos dos CTDs é expor os trabalhadores a situações encontradas em uma gama diversa de contextos produtivos, de modo que eles possam, eventualmente, vir a compor o quadro de empresas convencionais. A organização e planejamento da operação de CTDs envolve uma série de dificuldades. Questões ligadas à ergonomia do trabalho ou ao gerenciamento de qualidade, por exemplo, adquirem características particulares neste ambiente. Da mesma forma, problemas clássicos de balanceamento de linhas de produção ganham novas particularidades devido, sobretudo, à enorme heterogeneidade existente entre os trabalhadores. Neste contexto, nos interessamos por problemas referentes ao balanceamento da linha de produção com trabalhadores deficientes, onde se busca obter a maior eficiência produtiva dadas as habilidades específicas de cada trabalhador. De maneira mais precisa, o problema de balanceamento de linhas de produção em CTDs, conhecido na literatura como problema de balanceamento e designação de trabalhadores em linhas de produção (ALWABP, na sigla em inglês) consiste em alocar tarefas e trabalhadores a estações de trabalho, de modo a minimizar o gargalo produtivo e levando em consideração que cada tarefa tem um tempo de duração que depende do trabalhador escolhido para sua execução. Isto dá ao problema um caráter de dupla alocação, aumentando seu caráter combinatório e, consequentemente, sua dificuldade de resolução. Nesta dissertação, estudamos uma variedade de técnicas de resolução do ALWABP. Os objetivos deste estudo são, primeiramente, obter métodos diversos para resolução do problema que sejam eficazes tanto em termos do tempo computacional necessário para sua utilização como em termos da qualidade da solução obtida. Dentre as abordagens propostas e testadas encontram-se versões de algoritmos com diferentes complexidades, indo desde heurísticas construtivas e estratégias de busca monotônica em vizinhança até meta-heurísticas como GRASP e Busca Tabu. A variedade de técnicas desenvolvidas permitiu a resolução de um problema ainda mais complexo que o ALWABP, que consiste em programar a linha para diversos períodos produtivos, levando em consideração a rotação de tarefas entre os trabalhadores. Deste modo, os trabalhadores podem ser expostos ao maior número de tarefas possível (atendendo, assim, o fim de treinamento almejado no ambiente dos CTDs). Para resolução do problema de rotação de tarefas, as técnicas desenvolvidas foram utilizadas em um esquema de otimização híbrido que faz uso de um pool de soluções (obtidas pelos métodos heurísticos) que são integradas através de modelos de otimização linear inteira mista. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as técnicas desenvolvidas são eficientes e flexíveis para o problema ALWABP e que a sua integração permite a obtenção de soluções eficientes para o problema de rotação de tarefas. Deste modo, esta dissertação propõe um esquema completo para o balanceamento de linhas de produção em CTDs / Disabled workers face enormous difficulties when trying to enter to the labor market. At the present moment, in particular in developing countries, this group constitutes a small portion of the labor force in productive processes. Among the initiatives that attempt to reverse this situation, we highlight the creation of sheltered work centers for the disabled (referred to as SWD henceforth), which are non-profit companies that employ people with disabilities, often in assembly lines. The organization and planning of the operation of a SWD involves a number of challenges. Issues related to ergonomy or production quality management, for instance, acquire particular characteristics in this environment. Likewise, classic assembly lines balancing modeling and solving techniques have to be modified, due to the significant heterogeneity among workers. In this context, we are concerned with problems related to the assembly line balancing with disabled workers, which attempts to achieve the higher production efficiency as possible, given the specific skills of each worker. More precisely, the assembly line balancing problem in SWD, known in the literature as the assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem (ALWABP), consists in assigning tasks and workers to workstations, in order to minimize the bottleneck of the production line while considering that each task duration time depends on the worker chosen for its execution. This double assignment structure leads to a much more complex problem. In this dissertation, we study a variety of techniques for solving the ALWABP. The goals of this study are, first of all, the development of a number of efficient techniques for solving the problem, both in terms of computational time required for their use and in terms of the quality of the obtained solutions. Among the techniques proposed and tested, we have versions of algorithms with different complexities, ranging from constructive heuristics and monotonic neighborhood search strategies to metaheuristics such as Tabu Search and GRASP. The diversity of the developed techniques allowed the resolution of a problem even more complex than the ALWABP, which consists of programming the line for a set of periods, taking into account the rotation of tasks among workers. The objective of this new problem is to propose a solution for a given production period that considers the fact that it might be positive to expose the workers to as many tasks as possible (for training, therapeutical and motivational reasons). In order to solve this job rotation problem, the techniques developed were integrated into a hybrid optimization scheme that uses a pool of solutions (obtained with the heuristic methods) which become inputs of mixed integer linear optimization models. The results suggest that the techniques developed are efficient and flexible to the ALWABP and their integration allows the obtention of efficient solutions to the job rotation problem. Thus, this dissertation proposes a complete scheme for the resolution of the balancing problem in SWD production lines
7

Problema de balanceamento de linhas de produção e integração de trabalhadores / The assembly line worker integration and balancing problem

Moreira, Mayron César de Oliveira 13 April 2015 (has links)
Diversas pesquisas e estudos científicos mostram que uma grande porcentagem das pessoas com deficiência é excluída do mercado de trabalho, sobretudo em países em desenvolvimento. Com o intuito de alterar essa realidade, destacam-se, entre outras medidas, a criação de Centros de Trabalho para Deficientes (CTDs). Tais organizações empregam trabalhadores com deficiência em vários setores empresariais, dando-lhes oportunidades iniciais e preparando-os para que possam, mais tarde, ser inseridos no mercado de trabalho convencional. Vários destes centros operam linhas de produção, principal objeto de estudo desta tese. Nosso estudo é situado em uma etapa idealmente posterior aos CTDs, referente à inserção de trabalhadores com deficiência em linhas de produção convencionais. A demanda por estudos neste contexto tem crescido nos últimos anos, devido sobretudo a políticas corporativas de responsabilidade social e exigências legislativas, como a \"Lei das Cotas\", presentes em diversos países. O planejamento da operação de linhas de produção na presença de trabalhadores com deficiência envolve uma série de desafios, devido à heterogeneidade entre trabalhadores, que faz com que o tempo de execução das tarefas seja dependente de cada indivíduo. Nos deparamos, assim, com um problema de dupla alocação, em que as variáveis de decisão determinam as tarefas a serem inseridas em estações e a alocação de trabalhadores para as mesmas, de modo a otimizar alguma medida de eficiência. O balanceamento de linhas de produção convencionais com uma parcela de trabalhadores com deficiência é denominado problema de balanceamento de linhas de produção e integração de trabalhadores (ALWIBP, do inglês: assembly line worker integration and balancing problem), sendo um caso particular do problema de balanceamento de linhas de produção e designação de trabalhadores (ALWABP, do inglês: assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem), cuja ocorrência é mais comum em linhas de CTDs. Nosso objetivo consiste em estudar formas eficientes de proporcionar a integração de trabalhadores com deficiência em linhas convencionais. Para tanto, abordamos variações do ALWIBP que consideram: (i) minimização de diferentes funções objetivo (número de estações ou tempo de ciclo); (ii) linha de produção com leiautes distintos (simples ou em U); (iii) incertezas quanto ao tempo de execução de cada tarefa (abordagem robusta); (iv) estratégias de rotação de tarefas ou alocação de trabalhadores com deficiência na linha com espaçamento regular. Para cada uma destas extensões, foram desenvolvidos formulações matemáticas, métodos de resolução e novos conjuntos de instâncias teste. Experimentos computacionais indicam possibilidades de adaptação de linhas de produção convencionais à inserção de trabalhadores com deficiência, a custos adicionais baixos ou quase nulos. Portanto, este trabalho oferece alternativas para uma maior flexibilidade na integração de pessoas com deficiência, tornando-os tão eficientes quanto qualquer outro trabalhador denominado \"convencional\". / A number of studies show that a large percentage of disabled people are excluded from the labor market, in particular in developing countries. In order to deal with this problem, one can highlight the importance of Sheltered Work Centers for Disabled (SWDs). These organizations employ disabled workers in various corporate sectors, giving them initial opportunities and preparing them so that they can be later integrated into the conventional labor market. Many of these centers operate assembly lines, the main object of study of this thesis. Our study considers an ideally later stage of SWDs, related with the insertion of disabled workers in conventional assembly lines. The demand for studies in this field has grown over the years, due to corporate social responsibility policies and legal requirements such as \"quotas legislations\", present in many countries. Planning the operation of assembly lines with disabled workers involves a series of challenges due to the heterogeneity among workers, which are reflected in task times being worker dependent. This results in a double allocation problem, where decisions must determine both the tasks and the workers to be assigned to the stations, in order to optimize some efficiency measure. The conventional assembly line balancing with a parcel of disabled workers is known as the assembly line worker integration and balancing problem (ALWIBP), being a particular case of the assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem (ALWABP), which occurance is more common in SWDs. Our goal consists in studying efficient ways to promote the integration of people with disabilities in conventional assembly lines. For that, we address ALWIBP variants that consider: (i) minimization of different objective functions (number of stations or cycle time); (ii) different assembly line layouts (simple or U-shaped); (iii) uncertainties on task execution times (robust approach); (iv) job rotation strategies or allocation of disabled workers in the line with regular spacing. For each of these extensions, we develop mathematical formulations, solution methods and new sets of benchmark instances. Computational experiments indicate possibilities for adapting conventional assembly lines to the insertion of disabled workers, at low or close to null additional costs. Therefore, this study offers alternatives ways of increasing exibility in the integration of people with disabilities, making them as efficient as any other conventional worker.
8

Balanceamento de linhas de produção com trabalhadores deficientes e máquinas paralelas / Balancing assembly lines with disabled workers and parallel workstations

Araújo, Felipe Francisco Bezerra 03 May 2011 (has links)
O problema de balanceamento de linhas de produção e designação de trabalhadores (ALWABP, do inglês Assembly Line Worker Assignment and Balancing Problem ) é uma extensão do problema simples de balanceamento de linhas na qual os tempos de execução de tarefas são dependentes dos trabalhadores. Este problema tem sua motivação prática oriunda de linhas de produção com trabalhadores deficientes. Neste trabalho, focamos em uma extensão para o problema que permite lidar com a possibilidade de layouts de linhas com estações em paralelo. Além disso, estudamos uma segunda variante do problema que permite que os trabalhadores colaborem uns com os outros em uma mesma estação. Apresentamos formulações matemáticas para ambas as versões do problema. Adicionalmente, a partir de adaptações de métodos existentes para o ALWABP serial, desenvolvemos heurísticas construtivas para o ALWABP paralelo e ALWABP colaborativo. Testes computacionais em instâncias da literatura e uma análise detalhada dos resultados são apresentados / The assembly line and worker assignment balancing problem is an extension of the classical simple assembly line balancing problem where task execution times are workerdependent. This problem is motivated by the situation faced when balancing assembly lines with disabled workers. In this study, we focus on an extension for the problem with the goal of including the possibility of having layouts with parallel workstations. We also study a second variation for this problem that allows workers collaborating with each other. We present mathematical formulations for both problems. Moreover, constructive heuristics are developed, based on heuristic methods for the serial assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem. Computational tests on literature instances and a detailed analysis of the results are reported
9

Efeito tigela em linhas de produção: novas evidências computacionais / Bowl phenomenon in assembly lines: new computational evidence

Castellucci, Pedro Belin 17 December 2014 (has links)
Linhas de produção são sistemas fabris para produção em larga escala, com grande importância no sistema industrial atual. Como se trata de um sistema já consolidado, é natural que existam métricas de desempenho e estratégias para otimização de eficiência para as diversas configurações de linhas de produção existentes. Este trabalho se concentra em linhas seriais não-ritmadas e estocásticas. Em particular, o interesse é no efeito de se desbalancear adequadamente uma linha de produção para melhorar sua produtividade, o que é denominado na literatura de fenômeno Tigela (Bowl phenomenon). Uma revisão da literatura mostrou que esse fenômeno já foi estudado em diferentes cenários: linhas com e sem buffers, diversos perfis de carga ao longo da linha e diferentes distribuições probabilísticas regendo os tempos de execução das tarefas. Contudo, nenhum dos estudos considerou a indivisibilidade das tarefas, isto é, o fato de que cada tarefa deve ser executada em uma única estação. Essa é a principal lacuna explorada neste estudo. Para isso, são utilizadas instâncias recentemente propostas do Problema Simples de Balanceamento de Linhas de Produção (SALBP, na sigla em inglês) e instâncias do Problema de Designação de Trabalhadores e Balanceamento de Linhas de Produção (ALWABP), que são solucionadas a partir de modelos de programação inteira mista que induzem soluções de acordo com o efeito Tigela. Essas soluções são utilizadas em um modelo de simulação estocástico, também apresentado neste trabalho. Em linhas gerais, os resultados mostram que as soluções do SALBP e ALWABP obtidas podem se beneficiar do efeito Tigela. Além disso, a variedade das instâncias utilizadas nos experimentos argumentam em favor de uma maior capacidade de generalização dos resultados para casos práticos se comparados aos casos simplificados previamente discutidos na literatura. / Assembly lines are large-scale production systems with great value in modern industrial systems. Perfomance measures and strategies have been proposed in order to evaluate and improve the efficiency of numerous assembly line configurations. This dissertation focuses on serial unpaced (stochastic) assembly lines. In particular, the interest of this study is in the effect of deliberately unbalacing the line in a specific manner in order to enhance its performance, a strategy that exploits the so-called Bowl phenomenon. The literature has studied this phenomenon in different scenarios: buffered and unbuffered lines, different workload profiles along the line and different probabilistic task time distributions. However, none of the identified studies considers task indivisibility, an intrisic characteristic of real-world assembly line balancing problems, namely, each task has to be executed in a single station. This is the main gap explored in this study. Thereunto, we use recently proposed instances for the Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem (SALBP) and some Assembly Line Worker Assignment and Balancing Problem (ALWABP) instances, which are solved using mixed integer programming models capable of inducing bowl workload profiles. These solutions are used as input in a stochastic simulation model, also presented in this study. Overall, the results show that SALBP and ALWABP solutions may benefit from the Bowl phenomenon. Furthermore, the variety of the instances considered in the experiments allows for a better generalization of the results to real-world scenarios if compared to the simplified cases previously shown in the literature.
10

Balanceamento de linhas de produção com trabalhadores deficientes / Assembly lines balancing with disabled workers

Mayron César de Oliveira Moreira 15 April 2011 (has links)
Pessoas portadoras de deficiências encontram enormes dificuldades ao tentarem entrar no mercado de trabalho. De fato, sobretudo em países em desenvolvimento, esta parcela significativa da população representa uma fração ínfima dos trabalhadores empregados. Dentre as iniciativas que tentam reverter este quadro, destaca-se a criação de Centros de Trabalhadores Deficientes (CTDs), empresas sem fins lucrativos que empregam pessoas portadoras de deficiências, geralmente em linhas de produção. Um dos fins últimos dos CTDs é expor os trabalhadores a situações encontradas em uma gama diversa de contextos produtivos, de modo que eles possam, eventualmente, vir a compor o quadro de empresas convencionais. A organização e planejamento da operação de CTDs envolve uma série de dificuldades. Questões ligadas à ergonomia do trabalho ou ao gerenciamento de qualidade, por exemplo, adquirem características particulares neste ambiente. Da mesma forma, problemas clássicos de balanceamento de linhas de produção ganham novas particularidades devido, sobretudo, à enorme heterogeneidade existente entre os trabalhadores. Neste contexto, nos interessamos por problemas referentes ao balanceamento da linha de produção com trabalhadores deficientes, onde se busca obter a maior eficiência produtiva dadas as habilidades específicas de cada trabalhador. De maneira mais precisa, o problema de balanceamento de linhas de produção em CTDs, conhecido na literatura como problema de balanceamento e designação de trabalhadores em linhas de produção (ALWABP, na sigla em inglês) consiste em alocar tarefas e trabalhadores a estações de trabalho, de modo a minimizar o gargalo produtivo e levando em consideração que cada tarefa tem um tempo de duração que depende do trabalhador escolhido para sua execução. Isto dá ao problema um caráter de dupla alocação, aumentando seu caráter combinatório e, consequentemente, sua dificuldade de resolução. Nesta dissertação, estudamos uma variedade de técnicas de resolução do ALWABP. Os objetivos deste estudo são, primeiramente, obter métodos diversos para resolução do problema que sejam eficazes tanto em termos do tempo computacional necessário para sua utilização como em termos da qualidade da solução obtida. Dentre as abordagens propostas e testadas encontram-se versões de algoritmos com diferentes complexidades, indo desde heurísticas construtivas e estratégias de busca monotônica em vizinhança até meta-heurísticas como GRASP e Busca Tabu. A variedade de técnicas desenvolvidas permitiu a resolução de um problema ainda mais complexo que o ALWABP, que consiste em programar a linha para diversos períodos produtivos, levando em consideração a rotação de tarefas entre os trabalhadores. Deste modo, os trabalhadores podem ser expostos ao maior número de tarefas possível (atendendo, assim, o fim de treinamento almejado no ambiente dos CTDs). Para resolução do problema de rotação de tarefas, as técnicas desenvolvidas foram utilizadas em um esquema de otimização híbrido que faz uso de um pool de soluções (obtidas pelos métodos heurísticos) que são integradas através de modelos de otimização linear inteira mista. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as técnicas desenvolvidas são eficientes e flexíveis para o problema ALWABP e que a sua integração permite a obtenção de soluções eficientes para o problema de rotação de tarefas. Deste modo, esta dissertação propõe um esquema completo para o balanceamento de linhas de produção em CTDs / Disabled workers face enormous difficulties when trying to enter to the labor market. At the present moment, in particular in developing countries, this group constitutes a small portion of the labor force in productive processes. Among the initiatives that attempt to reverse this situation, we highlight the creation of sheltered work centers for the disabled (referred to as SWD henceforth), which are non-profit companies that employ people with disabilities, often in assembly lines. The organization and planning of the operation of a SWD involves a number of challenges. Issues related to ergonomy or production quality management, for instance, acquire particular characteristics in this environment. Likewise, classic assembly lines balancing modeling and solving techniques have to be modified, due to the significant heterogeneity among workers. In this context, we are concerned with problems related to the assembly line balancing with disabled workers, which attempts to achieve the higher production efficiency as possible, given the specific skills of each worker. More precisely, the assembly line balancing problem in SWD, known in the literature as the assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem (ALWABP), consists in assigning tasks and workers to workstations, in order to minimize the bottleneck of the production line while considering that each task duration time depends on the worker chosen for its execution. This double assignment structure leads to a much more complex problem. In this dissertation, we study a variety of techniques for solving the ALWABP. The goals of this study are, first of all, the development of a number of efficient techniques for solving the problem, both in terms of computational time required for their use and in terms of the quality of the obtained solutions. Among the techniques proposed and tested, we have versions of algorithms with different complexities, ranging from constructive heuristics and monotonic neighborhood search strategies to metaheuristics such as Tabu Search and GRASP. The diversity of the developed techniques allowed the resolution of a problem even more complex than the ALWABP, which consists of programming the line for a set of periods, taking into account the rotation of tasks among workers. The objective of this new problem is to propose a solution for a given production period that considers the fact that it might be positive to expose the workers to as many tasks as possible (for training, therapeutical and motivational reasons). In order to solve this job rotation problem, the techniques developed were integrated into a hybrid optimization scheme that uses a pool of solutions (obtained with the heuristic methods) which become inputs of mixed integer linear optimization models. The results suggest that the techniques developed are efficient and flexible to the ALWABP and their integration allows the obtention of efficient solutions to the job rotation problem. Thus, this dissertation proposes a complete scheme for the resolution of the balancing problem in SWD production lines

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