The unique characteristics of sensor networks pose numerous challenges that have to be overcome to enable their efficient use. In particular, sensor networks are energy constrained because of their reliance on battery power. They can be composed of a large number of unreliable nodes. These characteristics render node collaboration essential to the accomplishment of the network task and justify the development of new algorithms to provide services such as routing, fault tolerance and naming. This work increases the knowledge on the growing field of sensor network algorithms by contributing a new evaluation tool and two new algorithms. A new sensor network simulator that can be used to evaluate sensor network algorithms is discussed. It incorporates models for the different functional units composing a sensor node and characterizes the energy consumption of each. It is designed in a modular and efficient way favoring the ease of use and extension. It allows the user to choose from different implementations of energy models, accuracy models and types of sensors. The second contribution of this thesis is a distributed algorithm to solve the unique ID assignment problem in sensor networks. Our solution starts by assigning long unique IDs and organizing nodes in a tree structure. This tree structure is used to compute the size of the network. Then, unique IDs are assigned using the minimum length. Globally unique IDs are useful in providing many network functions, e.g. node maintenance and security. Theoretical and simulation analysis of the ID assignment algorithm demonstrate that a high percentage of nodes are assigned unique IDs at the termination of the algorithm when the algorithm parameters are set properly. Furthermore, the algorithm terminates in a short time that scales well with the network size. The third contribution of this thesis is a general fault-tolerant event detection scheme that allows nodes to detect erroneous local decisions based on the local decisions reported by their neighbors. It can handle cases where nodes have different and dynamic accuracy levels. We prove analytically that the derived fault-tolerant estimator is optimal under the maximum a posteriori criterion. An equivalent weighted voting scheme is derived.

Efficient integrated/robust planning and recovery models were studied. The research focus was to integrate fleet assignment and crew scheduling, and, in addition, to provide solutions robust to real time operations. The contributions include: (1) To understand how schedule development and fleet assignment stages influence crew scheduling performance, schedule analysis methods were proposed to evaluate the crew friendliness of a schedule for a given fleet. (2) To meet the computational challenges of crew scheduling in integrated planning, a duty flow model was proposed which can efficiently find suboptimal legal pairing solutions. (3) A new robust crew scheduling method based on spoke purity was proposed. Computational results indicated that with little or no extra cost, a more robust crew pairing solutions can be expected. (4) By imposing station purity, an integrated and robust planning model which integrates fleet assignment and crew connections was proposed. The impact of crew base purities and fleet purities on FAM profit, crew scheduling, and computational efficiency were investigated. (5) Airline integrated recovery method was studied. A recovery scope for integrated recovery was proposed to limit the ripple effect caused by disruptions. Based on the defined recovery scope, a new integrated recovery model and Bender¡¯s decomposition solution approach was studied.

In this work, we consider the channel assignment problem in single radio multi-channel mobile ad-hoc networks. Specifically, we investigate the granularity of channel assignment decisions that gives the best trade-off in terms of performance and complexity. We present a new granularity for channel assignment that we refer to as component level channel assignment. The strategy is relatively simple, and is characterized by several impressive practical advantages. We also show that the theoretical performance of the component based channel assignment strategy does not lag significantly behind the optimal possible performance, and perhaps more importantly we show that when coupled with its several practical advantages, it significantly outperforms other strategies under most network conditions.

Due to the access to international financial market is open and globalization is inevitable, the fluctuation of financial market and the competition among banks are getting fierce. Emotion is an essential part of a bank employee¡¦ job and it is closely related to working pressure. Therefore, this paper is to investigate whether working pressure will affect job satisfaction and then affect the tendency of resignation. Based on the research motives, the purposes of this research are as follows: 1. To understand the current situation of financial employees¡¦ job satisfaction factors and resignation tendency. 2. To investigate how job satisfaction factors are related to resignation tendency. 3. This paper provides companies reference of human resource development such as how to reduce resignation intention in order to cut unnecessary recruit cost. Conclusion¡GBased on the result of simple regression analysis,¡uworking pressure¡v,¡udegree of satisfaction to salary and benefits¡v,¡ucommitment to organization¡v and ¡uassignment fairness¡vindeed influence working satisfaction. In other words, the lower working pressure an employee has, the higher degree of working satisfaction one has; the higher degree of satisfaction to salary and benefits, commitment to organization and assignment fairness one has, the higher degree of working satisfaction one has. Suggestions: 1.Raise employees¡¦ commitment to organization in order to recruit elites and reduce the labor turnover rate. 2.The reward system has to be quantified. KEY WORLD¡Gworking pressure¡Bdegree of satisfaction to salary and benefits¡B commitment to organization¡Bassignment fairness¡Bresignation intention¡Bworking satisfaction

Research into appropriate plan of storage space is not a new issue. Several journals includestudies of storage space Allocation plan as the main topic whereas most of them focus on the subject of distribution center rather that of large scale object warehouse and few of them are to discuss the issue of storage space distribution from warehouse attendant¡¦s viewpoint.The cost of crane operation of large scale object is high; hence, inappropriate planning of large scale object may increase turning frequency of order picking. Due to this, storage operation speed will slow down and cost will rise, and thus will make it less competitive. Warehouse attendants always allot present storage by their own experiences; thus, they rarely transform their experiences into principles. If the principle of inbound operation can be documented by characters and if the implicit knowledge of warehouse attendants can be expressed explicitly, then storage department will have an efficient way of inbound operation for reference. By the method of Storage allocation strategy, this study is to analyze the necessary information of storage plan. It draws up several principles of storage assignment; according to the different production conditions the variable principles will be assigned to assist storage space assignment and ways of piling. By this way, it decreases frequency of using large scale object hanging machines and thus speeds up shipping simultaneously. Finally, this study performs a simulated analysis of inbound operation via simulation software. By this way of simulation, it makes comparisons between different experimental results. It is proven that this way can help warehouse attendants to choose appropriate mode of inbound operation according to the different orders.

Amentotaxus is an ancient lineage of gymnosperm genus. Based on the Tertiary fossil evidence, the ancient lineage was once widespread in the Northern Hemisphere but range contraction in Pleistocene and Holocene. Currently, the distributional range is restricted to southwestern China, Vietnam and Taiwan. In this study, the 15 polymorphic microsatellite primers were designed from A. formosana H. L. Li, and were used these primers for genetic research of species level and population level. In species level, we tested the transferability and polymorphism in four species, A. argotaenia (Hance) Pilger, A. formosana H. L. Li, A. poilanei (Ferr&#x00E9; & Rouane) D.K. Ferguson and A. yunnanensis H. L. Li were evaluated. In population level, we evaluate the genetic variation and genetic structure on two habitats including Mt. Chachayalaisham and Jinshueiying for the delimited of relevant genetic units and to establish useful conservation strategies. In species level, the 15 microsatellite primers had 100% successfully amplified fragments in these three species, also showing high polymorphisms (PIC=0.25-0.61). In population level, the genetic diversity analysis in the two population of A. formosana show that expected and observed heterozygosities were ranged from 0.52 to 0.60 and 0.28 to 0.36, respectively. In addition, 15 loci were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.001) and the inbreeding coefficient were displayed positive (FIS=0.48368; P <0.05), revealing the genetic fixation causing by inbreeding. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that high genetic variation with population (83.85% and 52.39%), and also showed high levels of population differentiation (FST =0.10972-0.16155; P <0.05). IMa revealed low migration rate (1.13¡Ñ10-6-1.15¡Ñ10-4), also showed small effective population size (Cha: 77.36-1830.67; Jin: 21.41-506.67) and large ancestral population size (10496.8-248424.17), inferring the A. formosana undergo significant population declined. Using Bayesian clustering algorithms and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) iterations to distinct genetic units and make assignments in the programs SAMOVA¡BSTRUCTURE and INSTRUCT, the best clustering was occurred at K=2, and found 11 and 9 distinct genetic groups in Mt. Chachayalaisham and Jinshueiying based on GENELAND analysis, respectively. We correlated the distinct genetic units and the age structures to evaluate the individuals with unique genotype for seed source to maintain the maximum genetic diversity of A. formosana.

The phenylalanine hydroxylase from Chromobacterium violaceum (CvPheH) is a non-heme iron monooxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenylalanine. This study presents the use of kinetic isotope effects (KIE) as mechanistic probes to compare the reactivity of CvPheH and that of the eukaryotic aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. This study also describes the use of different spectroscopic and kinetic techniques to identify the hydroxylating intermediate for this enzyme and the assignment of the NMR backbone resonances of CvPheH. Kinetic isotope effects on aromatic and benzylic hydroxylation were used to establish that bacterial and eukaryotic phenylalanine hydroxylases have similar reactivity. The observed KIE on aromatic hydroxylation of 1.4 was shown to be a combination of an inverse isotope effect on the hydroxylation of the amino acid and a normal isotope effect on a subsequent step in the reaction. An isotope effect on benzylic hydroxylation of 10 was found for CvPheH. This result establishes the similar reactivity for CvPheH and the eukaryotic aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and suggests the involvement of a common hydroxylating intermediate. Kinetic isotope effects were used to study the hydroxylation of the aliphatic substrate cyclohexylalanine. The Dkcat value with [1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-2H11]- cyclohexylalanine is unity with wild-type CvPheH, suggesting that chemistry is not ratelimiting with this substrate. The intramolecular isotope effect calculated using [1,2,3,4,5,6-2H6]-cyclohexylalanine yields a value of 14. This result is evidence for the involvement of a reactive iron species capable of abstracting a hydrogen atom from the aliphatic carbon in cyclohexylalanine. Analysis of the CvPheH reaction using freeze-quench Mössbauer spectroscopy allowed the detection of an Fe(IV) species in the first turnover of the enzyme. Chemical quench and stopped-flow spectrophotometric methods were used to establish the kinetic competency of the Fe(IV) intermediate as the hydroxylating species. The NMR amide backbone resonances in the HSQC spectrum of CvPheH were assigned to the corresponding amino acid residues using a suite of TROSY-based threedimensional triple resonance experiments. We were able to assign 224 residues out of the 278 assignable residues in CvPheH, this constitutes 81 percent of the assignable protein sequence.

The presented thesis has closely examined the discussion on policy assignments that are restricted on an open macroeconomic model; very little reference has focused on a closed macroeconomic model. As we know, Ramirez (1986) is the first person who has applied policy assignment to a closed macroeconomic model. But Chang and Lai have clearly proved that Ramirez's model is not appropriate for policy assignment, and a way to redeem the problem is to introduce policy instrument to aggregate supply side. Also, this thesis is going to focus on, instead of introduced the policy instrument to aggregate supply side, use system endogenous on aggregate supply function. Could this kind of correction redeem the flaws made by Ramirez? Hence, this thesis would apply the reality intertemporal substitution effect of labor to subsume an aggregate supply side, then discuss the relationship on policy assignment that is between policy instrument and policy target that would derive the conclusion as below: When a model does not include the intertemporal substitution effect of labor, it degrades to a Ramirez's model (1986) and cannot be used for policy assignment. On the other hand, a model including intertemporal substitution effect of labor remedies the flaws in Ramirez's model (1986) and can be used for appropriate policy assignment assuming that government spending is in complement with private spending.

The operation in assignment of manpower needs in the country is still in the primary stage. The present implementation of labor ordinance does not have effective regulations and it is not so clear. Therefore it easily creates confusion and attribution of responsibility problems. Aside from these, enterprise does not have a set of effective operation method in allocation between regular employee and assignment of manpower needs. Therefore, the present stage in the allocation of manpower is mostly the line aspect of thinking mode. Due to the lack of whole value concept in system thinking therefore the allocation between regular employee and assignment of manpower needs create unharmonious phenomenon which bring about the enterprise in assignment of manpower needs that the cost of personnel expenses did not decrease but increases. Because the method in allocation of manpower in production line and the variation of customer order that it must be a development variation. Therefore, we must depend in the complete system thinking and setting of strategy in order to let the interaction relationship of both party reaches the optimum. The aim of this research is to use the strategy map and the method of System Dynamics to proceed in the regulation, simulation and testing in order to analyze in finding the most suitable allocation method between regular employee and assignment of manpower needs. Due to the direct production manpower and the existence of enterprises, the lasting of enterprises are closely related. But in the general enterprises toward the strategy in allocation of direct manpower and implementation still use the direct line of thinking method. Therefore it is very difficult to handle the development variation of environment. It is only adequately let the manpower resources strategy of enterprises to draw a casual loop map then use the related aspect of strategy map. Thru the emphasis of relationship between manpower resource strategy and enterprises strategy then use the System Dynamics to establish model. At the same time, perform the simulation of development and analysis in order to assist the company cases in manpower development allocation strategy more effective. This research is base on the research aim, confer documents, research of company cases, cost and effect related feedback analysis. System Dynamics establishes the subject pattern, testing, situation and policy simulation, analysis, conferment that sum up and arrange the conclusion of this research. 1. Flexibility of Manpower Resource Strategy: Assignment of personnel will let the company cases in the aspect of using manpower to have flexibility and decrease the cost of personnel expenses. At the same time, the same line of enterprises will have more competition and greater survival space. 2. Drawing of Manpower Resources Strategy Map: strategy map can help enterprises ¡§focusing¡¨ and ¡§connection¡¨ in setting the strategy. It can let all personnel clearly understand the target and direction of the strategy. At the same, in the setting of model, thru the strategy map can set the bounder of the system. 3. Using System Thinking to establish the cost and effect feedback map and System Dynamics Pattern: Thru the system thinking pattern of the System Dynamics draw the cost and effect feedback map. Aside that it can test the general thinking and direct thinking. It also can let the system to have more intersystem relationship. 4. Let the Simulation Result of the System Dynamics Serves as Reference of the Enterprises Manpower Strategy Regulations: using system thinking to establish system pattern, thru the testing of pattern, simulation and analysis, use the result of simulation to provide enterprises as reference in setting the direct manpower resource strategy regulations. Using the Simulation Testing of the System Dynamics to find for the Most Suitable Solution in the System: Thru the development simulation of the system pattern, we can find out the most suitable solution that belongs to the enterprises.

FlexRay is a new automotive network communication protocol for control and interconnection among ECUs (electronic control units) in the cluster. In the FlexRay protocol, a communication cycle consists of static segment and dynamic segment. The static segment is a TDMA scheme designed for transmitting time-triggered messages. Due to its determinism and reliability, it is particularly applicable to X-by-wire applications. Each static slot is allocated to a specified task and the task can transmit message during the exclusive slot. However, if the task has no message to transmit during its assigned slot, the slot cannot be used by other tasks. The overall utilization is low if the bandwidth requirement of each task is not high. To improve the system utilization, we apply the real-time scheduling techniques to devising a deterministic, static cyclic scheduling. The objective is to reduce the demand on the number of static slots needed for scheduling time-triggered tasks. Specifically, we treat the set of static slots that are in the same position in every communication cycle as an individual real-time channel. We model each task as a real-time task, specified by (Ci,Ti). It requires that for every Ti communication cycles, the system must allocate at least Ci time slots to satisfy the real-time constraint of the task. We decompose each such task into a set of subtasks, allocate them to the real-time channels and then apply the rate-monotonic scheduling algorithm to schedule the subtasks within each channel. Finally, we perform computer simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal. From the simulation results, we conclude that our proposal is able to effectively reduce the demand for the static slots under a wide range of real-time requirements.