We sought to determine whether spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy, when applied chronically to canines, imparts long-lasting cardio-protective effects on neurogenic atrial tachyarrhythmia induction and, if so, whether its effects can be attributable to i) changes in intrinsic cardiac (IC) neuronal transmembrane properties vs ii) modification of their interneuronal stochastic interactivity that initiates such pathology. Data derived from canines subjected to long-term SCS [(group 1: studied after 3-4 weeks SCS; n = 5) (group 2: studied after 5 weeks SCS; n = 11)] were compared to data derived from 10 control animals (including 4 sham SCS electrode implantations). During terminal studies conducted under anesthesia, chronotropic and inotropic responses to vagal nerve or stellate ganglion stimulation were similar in all 3 groups. Chronic SCS suppressed atrial tachyarrhythmia induction evoked by mediastinal nerve stimulation. When induced, arrhythmia durations were shortened (controls: median of 27 s; SCS 3-4 weeks: median of 16 s; SCS 5 weeks: median of 7 s). Phasic and accommodating right atrial neuronal somata displayed similar passive and active membrane properties in vitro, whether derived from sham or either chronic SCS group. Synaptic efficacy was differentially enhanced in accommodating (not phasic) IC neurons by chronic SCS. Taken together these data indicate that chronic SCS therapy modifies IC neuronal stochastic inter-connectivity in atrial fibrillation suppression by altering synaptic function without directly targeting the transmembrane properties of individual IC neuronal somata. •Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) suppresses neurally induced atrial fibrillation (AF).•Effectiveness of SCS in AF suppression increases with time.•SCS minimally impacts active and passive properties of individual intrinsic cardiac neurons.•SCS modifies synaptic efficacy of the IC network.•SCS differentially impacts the neurotransmission to the accommodating sub-population of IC neurons.

Ce travail a eu pour but (1) de comparer les différentes méthodes d'évaluation de la balance sympatho-vagale (BSV) actuellement utilisées chez le rat, et (2) d'évaluer les effets d'une altération de la BSV en faveur d'une prédominance vagale sur l'instabilité électrique atriale spontanée chez le rat spontanément hypertendu (SHR) vieillissant. L'électrocardiogramme a été mesuré chez les rats éveillés grâce à une sonde télémétrique chroniquement implantée. La méthode de référence pour l'estimation de la BSV repose sur le calcul du rapport de la fréquence cardiaque (FC) de repos à la FC intrinsèque. Selon que l'index est supérieur ou inférieur à 1, on peut conclure respectivement à une prédominance sympathique ou à une prédominance vagale. La FC intrinsèque est obtenue par l'administration combinée d'antagonistes sélectifs des deux branches du système nerveux autonome, c'est-à-dire un bloqueur β-adrénergique (aténolol) et un antagoniste des récepteurs muscariniques (méthylatropine). Les autres méthodes (mesure séparée des tonus autonomes, index extraits de l'analyse de la variabilité sinusale) fournissent des résultats incohérents ou contradictoires. L'administration chronique d'un inhibiteur de l'acétylcholinestérase (pyridostigmine) chez des rats SHR vieillissants induit une hypertonie vagale relative (BSV=0,81±0,02) par rapport aux rats non traités (BSV=1,06±0,01) qui s'accompagne d'une bradycardie sinusale et d'une augmentation de la fréquence et de la durée des épisodes de tachyarythmie atriale. Ces études démontrent l'intérêt de la méthode de référence pour l'estimation de la BSV chez le rat éveillé. La potentialisation de l'activité vagale endogène aggrave l'instabilité électrique atriale chez le rat SHR vieillissant, ce qui confirme le rôle pathogénique du système nerveux parasympathique dans ce modèle / The aim of the present work was (1) to compare the different methods currently used to assess sympathovagal balance (SVB) in rats, and (2) to assess SVB alterations towards vagal predominance on atrial electrical instability in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The electrocardiogram was measured in conscious rats using chronically implanted telemetric probes. The reference method to estimate SVB is based on the calculation of the ratio of intrinsic heart rate (HR) to resting HR. Depending on whether the index is greater or lower than 1, one can conclude to sympathetic or vagal predominance, respectively. Intrinsic HR is obtained after the combined administration of selective antagonists of both branches of the autonomic nervous system, i.e. β- adrenergic blocker (atenolol) and muscarinic receptor antagonist (methylatropine). Other methods (autonomic tones measured separately, calculation of indices derived from heart rate variability analysis) provide inconsistent or conflicting results. The chronic infusion of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (pyridostigmine) in aging SHRs induced relative vagal hypertonia (SVB=0.81±0.02) in comparison with untreated rats (SVB=1.06±0.01) along with sinus bradycardia and increased frequency and duration of atrial tachyarrhythmia episodes. These studies highlight the value of the reference method for evaluating SVB in conscious rats. Potentiation of endogenous vagal activity aggravates atrial electrical instability in aging SHRs, consistent with a pathogenic role of the parasympathetic nervous system in this model