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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1949 J57 / Master of Science

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Chiropractic in Israel has become a more integrated part of many aspects of health care policies, in that it is practised in multidisciplinary medical teams, is now included in HMOs and hospitals services, and has contributed to research and military programmes. However, the chiropractic profession still has its problems. Without laws or legitimate recognition to protect chiropractors, the playing fields could never be levelled for all chiropractors in Israel. Patient use and demand for complementary and alternative practitioners, including chiropractors, is gradually increasing. However, there has been no research to investigate the perceptions of chiropractors, medical doctors and chiropractic patients (i.e. key stakeholders) regarding the integration of the chiropractic profession in the Israeli health care system. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of a selected group of stakeholders about the integration of the chiropractic profession in the Israeli health care system. Such an exploration might help the profession to secure its position and claim a higher status in society. This is desirable to educate the public and the authorities on the many positive advantages of chiropractic, include access to chiropractic services for people who traditionally have not been able to use these services because of economic barriers or internal government and authorities limiting laws, as well to enhance its public image such as honesty, integrity and objectivity in the health care, and to avoid any criticism of organized medicine. It therefore stands to reason that the factors that might contribute to this type of development should be considered as soon as possible in those countries where chiropractors practise. This type of investigation is important not only in the Israeli setting, but indeed in every country where the profession is aiming toward increased recognition and awareness of the contribution of chiropractic to health care. Chiropractic now has the opportunity to expand its influence and take a more active role in health care issues. Therefore, although geographically removed, South Africa stands to gain interesting and useful information from an investigation of this nature. The investigation was carried out within a post positivist approach close to that of critical realism, using an interpretive methodology. The sampling was purposive as individuals were targeted for their knowledge in three main topics, these being the scope of chiropractic practice, inter-professional relations between Doctors of Chiropractic (DCs) and Medical Doctors (MDs), and developmental issues. The participants included five chiropractors, three medical doctors and three chiropractic patients, who all resided in the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv. were presented in tabular form in order to facilitate analysis and interpretation. Although there were some discrepancies regarding the knowledge and background of the participants about the topics discussed, all the participants met the inclusion criteria. The results show that chiropractic stands at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Therefore it is important to establish a leading statement on identity, which must be clear, concise and immediately relevant to both the public and the profession. Although inter-professional relations between MDs and DCs in Israel are improving, further research should be conducted to provide suggestions on how chiropractors can overcome barriers and improve communication with MDs and other health care professionals in the Israeli health care system. In general, the participants agreed that governmental legislation, recognition and support are important endorsements with respect to the societal relevance and development of the profession. Therefore issues such as public awareness of chiropractic education and scope of practice, research and evidence-based practice must be emphasized accordingly in order to facilitate the development of chiropractic practice in Israel.

The purpose of this study was to examine the cooperation between two parts of the Swedish prison and probation service, the prison and the probation office. More specifically its aim was to find the attitudes and the different work models surrounding this cooperation. To find my result I had interviews with six probation officers in two probation offices in south of Sweden. My questions were general and I choose follow-up questions during the interviews. The analysis was based on a cooperation theory. The conclusions of the study were that there are work models that have been brought in by the head office of the organization, that does not work properly and they are not popular by the staff. This keeps the probation officers from having a good cooperation with the staff from the prisons. The probation officers also have some attitudes toward the prison staff that keeps them from having a good cooperation. These attitudes are clearly shown during the prison and probation service’s staff education and somewhat continues to show up during the probation officers every day work. These problems can be explained through the cooperation theory as a lack of perquisite for a good cooperation.

Voluntary turnover is an important organizational issue with costs beyond monetary losses (Morrow & McElroy, 2007). Subsequently, the detrimental effects have engendered extensive research that has led to multiple turnover models attempting to unite antecedents to maximize the variance in predicting turnover and turnover intent (Griffeth et al., 2000). However, current models have omitted important aspects of an employee’s working experience. This dissertation addresses that gap; namely, the need to incorporate relational forces at work that keep individuals at their current organizations. The study integrates social relations and the traditional turnover model (Mobley, 1977) to examine the unique and joint effects of social relations in predicting turnover intent. An empirical study of two independent samples of full-time working individuals (N = 318; N = 235) endorsed a mixed methods approach to expand the measurement of social relations by examining social network content, strength, structure, and influence. Select work personality traits, work characteristics, and turnover outcomes were assessed via an online questionnaire. The results demonstrate that expressive link defection (i.e., friends leaving the organization), instrumental normative pressure to stay (i.e., advisors wanting employees to stay), and instrumental strength (i.e., frequency of contact with advisors) predict significant variance in turnover intent beyond traditional predictors. In addition, expressive link defection and instrumental normative pressure to stay had stronger relationships with turnover intent for longer tenured employees than shorter tenured employees.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

No description available.

The data for this study were taken from the survey titled Monitoring the Future (MtF), an annual cross-section of high school seniors across the nation, using the 1976 and 1981 cohorts. Log-linear analysis was the primary analytic technique, supplemented by factor analysis where appropriate. The topic is not new. With graduation approaching, high school seniors must consider four major decision areas: further education, employment, marriage, and/or parenthood. Yet, each of these is increasingly problematic within the context of a Post-Industrial society. These decision areas are in fact inextricably bound together in a dynamic and complex fashion. That is, goals are eminently lifestyle choices. What is new, then, is this study's perspective and the central role of gender in shaping such choices. Given these two premises, this study primarily critiques conventional Status Attainment models of youths' aspirations drawing upon Bernard (1981), Gilligan (1982), Baruch, Barnett, and Rivers (1983), and Gerson (1985). As lifestyle choices, seniors were confronted with such issues as employed wives/mothers, division of housework and child care labor between spouses, and househusbands. The majority of young women and men alike considered both a job and homelife central to their futures. Yet, occupational aspirations reflected the sex-segregation of the labor market. In general, homelife scenarios found that either wife's full-time or half-time employment was favored in contrast to full-time homemaking when no preschool children were involved. Once children were involved, however, most seniors preferred the wife remain home. With respect to child care and housework, equal responsibility was strongly preferred by virtually all seniors. Many seniors also preferred arrangements in which the wife was primarily responsible for these tasks, regardless of her employment status. Shifts in husband's roles were generally unacceptable, particularly full-time househusbands. Overall, more young men supported traditional arrangements, while more young women supported change. Seniors' aspirations, thus, found evidence for both a diversity of future lifestyles, as well as areas of potential conflict.

Most school reforms require the implementation of policies and procedures; therefore, staff development has flourished as a means to introduce and reinforce required school, classroom, and teacher changes (Shroyer, 1990). The scant and inconclusive research regarding the impact of staff development on teacher change (Fullan, 1985; Griffin, 1983b; Guskey, 1986) has shifted from a focus on institutional factors impacting change to individual characteristics of the teachers involved in implementing change and the complex ecology in which these changes take place (McLaughlin, 1990). Recently, researchers have focused on the differences in teachers' beliefs and those implicit in the design of innovations to be implemented (Au, 1988; Johnston, 1988; Olson, 1980, 1981). Further, evidence exists that a teacher's beliefs can change throughout the staff development process (Richardson, Anders, Tidwell, and Lloyd, in press). These researchers, like Hollingsworth (1989), examined questions about the process of changing (Fullan, 1985); their research agendas focus on how new knowledge is used and how change occurs throughout the staff development process. Similarly, this case study was designed to identify changes in the subject's beliefs after she participated in a particular staff development project and to trace these changes throughout the process. The subject, Debbie, a veteran science teacher, enrolled in an inservice class to develop her questioning skills, to learn about thinking skills, and to implement the Taba Teaching Strategies in her classroom. In this case, changes in Debbie's beliefs were examined by comparing and analyzing the semantic maps of Debbie's responses in structured interviews (Spradley, 1970), including questions based on the Kelly Repertory Grid (Kelly, 1955) and the Heuristic Elicitation Method (Eisenhardt, Shrum, Harding, and Cuthbert, 1988). By reviewing and analyzing field notes, taped class sessions, and interviews with Debbie and other teachers at the site throughout the project, how this change in beliefs was exhibited throughout the process of changing was reconstructed in narrative form. Debbie described her beliefs privately and reconstructed them publically (Fenstermacher and Richardson, 1991) throughout the process of changing, struggling with her what beliefs about how students learn and her how beliefs as she practiced new teaching strategies (Sigel, 1985).