The strict and narrow scope of the general deduction formula may result in taxpayers being denied deductions for business expenditure, which are clearly and legitimately incurred in the course of operating their businesses, which in turn will result in an increase in tax costs, an important component of business costs. Although audit fees often fail the deductibility test, in general they are regarded by taxpayers as automatically deductible despite the fact that such fees were not incurred in the production of income. The deductibility of audit fees reached the High Court recently for the first time in the MTN case. It was argued by the South African Revenue Service (SARS) in this case that audit fees should never been allowed as a deduction because the role of an auditor does not relate to the production of income and that an auditor’s duty is restricted to verification of financial information ex post facto for the benefit of investors, creditors and other users of the financial information. The Court held that statutory audit fees should be deductible relying on the basis of the time spent during the audit in verifying deductible and non-deductible income. It is concluded by the author that law which creates uncertainty needs to be updated in keeping with the Government’s intention of creating a business environment in order to promote commerce and entrepreneurship. It is therefore proposed that all audit fees relating to statutory audits should be declared as a specific statutory deduction to ensure legal certainty.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walther_Bottaro_de_Lima_Castro.pdf: 557339 bytes, checksum: 2d9f98e7478db9fee5e9e462c2f99ba5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-12 / This research aimed to identify, analyze and describe the determinants of audit fees in Brazil. The sample studyed was the listed companies in 2012. Despite the mandatory disclosure of audit fees to be required since the year of 2009 , there were no surveys in other years , except 2009. This research showed that the size and complexity of the audited company, and the fact that the auditor be one of the big four audit firm, are positively related to audit fee. The variables: risk perceived by the auditor, corporate governance and exchange auditor behave differently according to the size of the audited company. The risk in larger companies, as measured by liquidity, is significant and corroborate the hypothesis that firms with higher risk tend to spend more on auditing. However in smaller companies the results were contradictory and suggest that firms with higher risk, in this case measured by leverage, tend to spend less with audit fees. Contradictorily was observed that smaller companies with best practices of corporate governance tend to spend more on auditing. It was also observed that in larger companies there charging lower fees in the first year of audit . Based on this study was noted the high concentration and market dominance of the big four audit firms / A presente pesquisa buscou identificar, analisar e descrever os determinantes dos honor??rios de auditoria das empresas brasileiras. Como amostra utilizou-se as empresas listadas na bolsa de valores de S??o Paulo no ano de 2012. Apesar da obrigatoriedade de divulga????o dos honor??rios de auditoria estar vigente desde o ano base de 2009, n??o foram observadas pesquisas em outros anos, exceto o de 2009. Como resultado desta pesquisa observou-se que o tamanho e complexidade da empresa auditada, e o fato do auditor ser uma das quatro grande empresa de auditoria est??o relacionados positivamente com os honor??rios de auditoria. As vari??veis: risco percebido pelo auditor, n??vel de governan??a corporativa e a troca do auditor se comportam de forma diferente de acordo com o tamanho das empresas auditadas. O risco em empresas de maior porte, quando medido pela liquidez, ?? significativo e corrobora a hip??tese de que empresas com maior risco tendem a gastar mais com auditoria. J?? em empresas de menor porte os resultados foram contradit??rios e sugerem que empresas com maior o risco, medido nesse caso pela alavancagem, tendem a gastar menos com auditoria. Ainda de forma contradit??ria foi observado que empresas de menor porte e com melhores pr??ticas de governan??a corporativa tendem a gastar mais com a auditoria. Foi observado tamb??m que em empresas de maior porte existe a cobran??a de menores honor??rios nos primeiro ano de auditoria. Como resultado do presente estudo pode se observar a grande concentra????o e dom??nio de mercado das quatro grande empresas de auditoria

The purpose of this study is to examine the interactions and impact of six key corporate governance factors on greenhouse gas emissions in Swedish listed firms. Namely, board size, board gender diversity, CEO compensation, blockholder ownership, audit and non-audit fees. The study employs a quantitative research design and uses regression analysis to test the research hypotheses. The data for the study is obtained from a sample of 199 Swedish firms from 2014 to 2021 and data retrieved from the Nordic Compass Database, Swedish House of Finance Research Data Center. The findings reveal significant associations between corporate governance factors after controlling for firm size and industry with carbon emissions disclosure by firms. Concluding, these factors play a crucial role in tackling environmental sustainability performance in corporate practices.