Orientador: Jair Cortez Montovani / Banca: João Cesar Lyra / Banca: Victor Nakajima / Banca: Mário Sérgio Lei Munhoz / Banca: Jorge Rizzato Paschoal / Resumo: Introdução: A avaliação auditiva em neonatos é realizada atualmente por testes objetivos, como as emissões otoacústicas e o potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE), porém, a principal limitação desses métodos de avaliação é a de não fornecer informações precisas sobre os limiares auditivos por frequência específica, especialmente nas graves. A resposta auditiva de estado estável (RAEE) é uma técnica complementar às existentes, para o diagnóstico da surdez na população pediátrica, sendo sua principal vantagem a de predizer, de forma objetiva e automática, os limiares auditivos por frequência específica. Objetivo: Verificar se há concordância entre os exames PEATE e RAEE na avaliação do limiar auditivo em lactentes. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico prospectivo. Critérios de inclusão: lactentes nascidos no local do estudo, com indicadores de risco para a deficiência auditiva e que realizaram os testes PEATE e RAEE na mesma sessão. Variáveis estudadas: dados pessoais, indicadores de risco para a deficiência auditiva e os achados dos exames de PEATE e RAEE. As comparações foram consideradas significativas para p<0,05. Resultados: Atenderam aos critérios de inclusão 66 neonatos, sendo 47% deles do sexo masculino (n=31), idade mediana de 1,2 meses, idade gestacional média de 31 semanas, peso médio ao nascimento 1601g. Treze neonatos tiveram PEATE alterado (20%), sendo que dez deles tinham mais de um indicador de risco acumulado. Os pontos de maior sensibilidade e especificidade na RAEE para as frequências de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000Hz na orelha direita foram, respectivamente, 47,5; 62,5; 42,5 e 37,5 e na orelha esquerda 65; 45; 55 e 52,5. Conclusão: Houve concordância entre o PEATE e a RAEE em lactentes de risco para deficiência auditiva, sendo possível diferenciar os ouvintes daqueles com deficiência auditiva. Palavras-chave: audição, eletrofisiologia, indicador de risco,... / Abstract: Introduction: The hearing assessment in neonates is currently done by objective tests, such as otoacoustic emissions and the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), however the main limitation of these assessment methods it is not to provide accurate information on the hearing threshold by specific frequencies, especially in low frequencies. Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a complementary technique to the ones existing for the deafness diagnosis in children and its main advantage is to, objectively and automatically predict the hearing thresholds by specific frequency. Objective: To verify if there is concordance between the BAEP and ASSR tests in the infants hearing threshold assessment. Methods: Prospective analytical study. Comprisal criterion: born infants in the study site, with risk indicators for hearing loss and who were submitted to ABR and ASSR tests in the same session. Variants studied: personal data, risks indicators for hearing loss and findings of BAEP and ASSR tests. Comparisons were considered significant for p <0.05. Results: 66 neonates were included, 47% were male (n = 31), median age of 1.2 months, mean gestational age of 31 weeks and mean birth weight 1601g. Thirteen infants had abnormal BAEP (20%), and ten of them had accumulated more than one risk indicator. Higher sensitivity and specificity points in the ASSR for the frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz in the right ear were, respectively, 47.5; 62.5; 42.5 and 37.5 and the left ear 65; 45; 55 and 52.5. Conclusion: There was concordance between the ABR and ASSR tests in infants with risk for hearing loss, being possible to distinguish who have normal hearing from those with hearing loss / Doutor

Orientador: Alexandre Secorun Borges / Banca: Luiz Claudio Nogueira Mendes / Banca: Rogério Martins Amorim / Resumo: A audição é um dos principais pontos do processo de comunicação com o meio ambiente tanto de seres humanos quanto de animais. O potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (BAEP-Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential) é um método que tem sido utilizado em seres humanos, cães, gatos, bovinos e equinos com a finalidade de identificar possíveis alterações auditivas que não podem ser diagnosticadas durante o exame físico. O BAEP avalia a integridade das vias auditivas, desde a cóclea até o tronco encefálico e permite a identificação de animais com surdez neurossensorial e condutiva. Apesar da importância do BAEP, não foi encontrado nenhum estudo de padronização do seu uso em equinos no Brasil. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi padronizar a metodologia para obtenção de registros que permitam verificar a latência das ondas obtidas no exame para essa espécie. Foram utilizados 21 equinos adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem histórico prévio de alterações auditivas. Para realização do teste, os animais foram sedados com cloridrato de detomidina. Foram identificadas as latências das ondas I, II, III, IV e V, bem como dos intervalos I-III, III-V e I-V. As médias das latências das ondas foram, onda I 2,4 ms; onda II 2,74 ms; onda III 3,61 ms; onda IV 4,61 ms e onda V 5,49 ms . As médias das latências dos interpicos foram I-III 1,37 ms; III-V 1,88 ms e I-V 3,26 ms. A descrição da metodologia utilizada e a disponibilização dos registros e das latências obtidas podem servir de referência para estudos realizados nessa espécie / Abstract: Hearing is one of the main points of the communication process with the environment both humans and animals. The Auditory brainstem response (BAEP Brainstem Auditory-Evoked Potential) is a method that has been used in humans, dogs, cats, cattle and horses in order to identify possible hearing impairment that can't be diagnosed during physical examination . The BAEP evaluates the integrity of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the brainstem and allows the identification of animals with sensorineural and conductive deafness. Despite the importance of BAEP, no study to standardize its use in horses in Brazil was found. Thus, the objective of this study was to standardize the methodology for obtaining records to verify the wave latencies obtained in the examination for this species. 21 adult horses, males and females were used without previous history of hearing disorders. To perform the test, the animals were sedated with detomidine hydrochloride. Latencies of waves I, II, III, IV and V, as well as the intervals I-III, III-V and IV were identified. The mean latencies of the waves were, I wave 2.4 ms; wave II 2.74 ms ; wave III 3.61 ms; wave IV 4.61 ms and wave V 5.49 ms. The mean latencies of interpeaks were I-III 1.37; III-V 1.88 and I-V 3.26. The description of the methodology used and the availability of records and latencies can serve as a reference for studies in this species / Mestre

Ten experiments examined the interactions between vision and audition in stimulusdriven spatial attention orienting and inhibition of return (IOR). IOR is the demonstration that subjects are slower to respond to stimuli that are presented at a previously stimulated location. In each experiment, subjects made go/no-go responses to peripheral targets but not to central targets. On every trial, a target was preceded by a sensory event, called a "cue," either in the same modality (intramodal conditions) or in a different modality (crossmodal conditions). The cue did not predict the location of the target stimulus in any experiment. In some experiments, the cue and target modalities were fixed and different. Under these conditions, response times to a visual target were shorter when it appeared at the same location as an auditory cue than when it appeared on the opposite side of fixation, particularly at short (100 ms) cue-target stimulus onset asynchronies (Experiments 1A and IB). Similarly, response times to an auditory target were shorter when it appeared at the same location as a visual cue than when it appeared at a location on the opposite side of fixation (Experiments 2A and 2B). These crossmodal effects indicate that stimulus-driven spatial attention orienting might arise from a single supramodal brain mechanism. IOR was not observed in either crossmodal experiment indicating that it might arise from modality specific mechanisms. However, for many subjects, IOR did occur between auditory cues and visual targets (Experiments 3A and 3B) and between visual cues and auditory targets (Experiment 4A and 4B) when the target could appear in the same modality as the cue on half of the trials. Finally, the crossmodal effects of stimulus-driven spatial attention orienting on auditory and visual event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were examined in the final two experiments. Auditory cues modulated the ERPs to visual targets and visual cues modulated the ERPs to auditory targets, demonstrating that the mechanisms for spatial attention orienting cannot be completely modality specific. However, these crossmodal ERP effects were very different from each other indicating that the mechanisms for spatial attention orienting cannot be completely shared. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Taste potentiation--Spatial and temporal contiguity--No-choice suppression of ingestion--Palatable and unpalatable tastes--Distal auditory stimulus--Variant distal locations.

No description available.

No description available.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-17T13:20:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jéssica Marchiori Correia.pdf: 2656083 bytes, checksum: 7ca8d150ff2b3b27aaa03d9b149f3ad1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:20:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jéssica Marchiori Correia.pdf: 2656083 bytes, checksum: 7ca8d150ff2b3b27aaa03d9b149f3ad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: in the past years, group of researchers have been developing different stimuli for the realization of Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR). They search minimum levels of response without the need to use correction factors in ABR. CE-Chirp LS® is one of the stimuli studied recently and aims at better latency and amplitude results through changes in chirp duration at different levels Objective: to describe the latency and amplitude times of the NB CE-Chirp LS® stimulus in the specific frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz at levels of 80, 60, 40 and 20 dB nHL in normal hearing children. Method: through a convenience sample, 13 children with a maximum age of nine months participated in this study. For the frequency of 500 Hz, eight children participated (11 ears) and for the frequencies of 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz 8 children participated (12 ears per frequency). Eclipse EP25 ABR system® with NB CE-Chirp LS® stimuli was used to record the potentials at the levels of 80, 60, 40 and 20 dB nHL at specific frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz. Statistical analysis was performed from the latency and amplitude data, which were separated for each frequencies and the samples were characterized according to age and sex. Results: thirteen children were included in the study, but not all of them were evaluated at all frequencies and intensities. The latency and amplitude values for the NB CE-Chirp LS® at the specific frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz were better when compared to the toneburst stimulus literature. Compared with the NB CE-Chirp® literature, the NB CE-Chirp LS® stimulus obtained better amplitude values, especially at high intensities. Conclusion: NB CE-Chirp LS® was promising in terms of the reliability of responses and quality in wave morphology / Introdução: nos últimos anos, diversos pesquisadores vêm desenvolvendo diferentes estímulos para a realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico. Estudos buscam encontrar níveis mínimos de resposta sem a necessidade de utilização de fatores de correção. O CE-Chirp LS® é um dos estímulos que vêm sendo estudados recentemente e busca melhores resultados de latência e amplitude por meio de mudanças na duração do chirp nas diferentes intensidades. Objetivo: descrever os tempos de latência e amplitude do estímulo NB CE-Chirp LS®, nas frequências especificas de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz, em registros do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico com crianças ouvintes, nas intensidades de 80, 60, 40 e 20 dB nNA. Método: por meio de amostra de conveniência, participaram deste estudo 13 crianças com idade média de 3,5 meses. Para a frequência de 500 Hz participaram 8 crianças (11 orelhas) e para as frequências de 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz participaram 8 crianças (12 orelhas por frequência). Para o registro dos potenciais, foi utilizado o equipamento Eclipse EP25 ABR system® com estímulo NB CE-Chirp LS® nas intensidades de 80, 60, 40 e 20 dB nNA nas quatro frequências especificas de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz. A análise estatística foi realizada a partir dos dados de latência e amplitude, sendo estes separados para cada uma das frequências 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz e as amostras foram caracterizadas quanto à idade e sexo em cada uma das frequências. Resultados: treze crianças foram incluídas no estudo, mas nem todas foram avaliados em todas as frequências e intensidades. Os valores de latência e amplitude para o NB CE-Chirp LS® nas frequências especificas de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz foram melhores quando comparado à literatura do estímulo toneburst. Em comparação com a literatura do NB CE-Chirp® o estímulo NB CE-Chirp LS® obteve maiores valores de amplitude, principalmente para fortes intensidades. Conclusão: o NB CE-Chirp LS® mostrou-se promissor no que tange a confiabilidade de respostas e qualidade na morfologia das ondas

[Truncated abstract] The cochlea presumably possesses a number of regulatory mechanisms to maintain cochlear sensitivity in the face of disturbances to its function. Evidence for such mechanisms can be found in the time-course of the recovery of CAP thresholds during experimental manipulations, and in observations of slow oscillations in cochlear micromechanics following exposure to low-frequency tones (the “bounce phenomenon”) and other perturbations. To increase our understanding of these oscillatory processes within the cochlea, and OHCs in particular, investigations into cochlear regulation were carried out using a combination of mathematical modelling of the ionic and mechanical interactions likely to exist within the OHCs, and electrophysiological experiments conducted in guinea pigs. The electrophysiological experiments consisted of electrocochleographic recordings and, in some cases, measurement of otoacoustic emissions, during a variety of experimental perturbations, including the application of force to the cochlear wall, exposure to very-low-frequency tones, injection of direct current into scala tympani, and intracochlear perfusions of artificial perilymph containing altered concentrations of potassium, sodium, and sucrose. To obtain a panoramic view of cochlear regulation under these conditions, software was written to enable the interleaved and near-simultaneous measurement of multiple indicators of cochlear function, including the compound action potential (CAP) threshold, amplitude and waveshape at multiple frequencies, the OHC transfer curves derived from low-frequency cochlear microphonic (CM) waveforms, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), the spectrum of the round-window neural noise (SNN), and the endocochlear potential (EP). ... The mathematical model we have developed provided a physiologically-plausible and internally-consistent explanation for the time-courses of the cochlear changes observed during a number of different perturbations. We show that much of the oscillatory behaviour within the cochlea is consistent with underlying oscillations in cytosolic calcium concentration. We conclude that a number of the discrepancies between the simulation results and the experimental data can be resolved if the cytosolic calcium functions as two distinct pools: one which controls basolateral permeability and one which controls slow motility. This two-calcium-pool model is discussed.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--James Madison University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.