From 1947 to 1959 the late Oxford philosopher J.L. Austin lectured on several of the main philosophical problems of sense-perception. After his death, his former student, Mr. G.J. Warnock, working from Austin's lecture notes, published Austin's views on the philosophy of perception in a book entitled Sense and Sensibilia. Austin's purposes in lecturing on the philosophical problems of perception were entirely negative; his aim was to undermine a whole tradition in the philosophy of perception, namely that of sense-datum analysis. His method was that of careful and detailed piecemeal analysis of what he regarded as the chief doctrines, methods, assumptions, and implications inherent in and necessary to any sense-datum analysis. He is widely reputed to have succeeded in his aims, and his analysis of particular aspects of sense datum philosophy are highly regarded as models of philosophical analysis. The purpose of this thesis is to examine critically several of the most important parts of Austin's critique of sense-datum philosophy, especially his analysis of the sense-datist use of the Argument from Illusion, his analysis of perceptual locutions such as "looks," "seems," and "appears," and his analysis of the meaning of "real'' Austin's work is examined in the light of three critical questions, viz. (l) When it looks as if Austin is engaged in careful exposition of an opponent's position, is he fair to his opponent or does he distort it?, (2) Are the assumptions and implications of sense-datum theory which Austin tries to expose really what he says they are?, and (3) Even if Austin's analysis against a particular opponent is sound, is it relevant against sense-datum theory in general? The argument of the thesis seeks to establish four main points: (1) Many of Austin's criticisms of the sense-datist use of the Argument from Illusion rest upon misstatements of the sense-datist position, and thus miss their mark. Morover, even when Austin's criticisms have considerable merit, they are not decisive, but merely require some revision or reformulation of the sense-datists' arguments. (2) Austin's analysis of "looked," "seems," and "appears," while correct as far as it goes, is incomplete; it fails to tell the whole story as regards the uses of these locutions. Supplemented and completed, it is consistent with the sense-datum analysis of the meanings of these expressions. (3) Austin's analysis of "real" is partly correct and partly incorrect. Where correct, it is consistent with a sense-datum analysis of "real." Where wrong, Austin's analysis can be corrected in a manner which is consistent both with the correct parts of Austin's analysis of "real" and the sense-datum analysis. (4) Austin's analysis of "looks," "seems," and "appears" and of "real" are inconsistent with each other as they stand in the text. Supplemented and corrected, they are consistent with each other and with sense-datum theory. In the interstices of criticisms of Austin, many positive suggestions are made pointing to further development of sense-datum theory. / Arts, Faculty of / Philosophy, Department of / Graduate

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Orientador: Kanavillil Rajagopalan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T21:00:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nogueira_Claudiana_D.pdf: 8055525 bytes, checksum: 0d52e5c03f6bf121feaf9c874a6ae0a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Nesta tese, decidi estudar a estrutura retórica dos discursos teóricos sobre a linguagem para refletir sobre a prática discursiva na produção do conhecimento lingüístico questionando-lhe o discurso cientificista, o qual postula a adoção de determinados conceitos e determinado método de formalização como pressuposto de qualificação desse conhecimento. A partir de uma perspectiva teórica integracionista (Harris, 1981, 1998), cuja concepção de linguagem, de inspiração wittgensteiniana, permite questionar os mitos da lingüística e valorizar as ações integralizadoras na situação comunicacional, escolhi como objeto de investigação a tradicional interpretação da teoria dos atos de fala de J. Austin pelo filósofo J. Searle, através da análise da estrutura retórica da obra Speech Acts- An Essqy in the Philosophy of Language(1969). Partindo da idéia de que a reformulação teórica de Austin por Searle, sua aceitação e repercussões na lingüística e na filosofia são frutos do mito da linguagem, analisei os processos de produção, interpretação e distribuição do texto de Searle e concluí que as concepções tradicionais do discurso cientificista e positivista, bem como a sua retórica da formalização, configuram - se numa ordem do discurso específica aos estudos da linguagem que, neste trabalho, denomino medo da morte.Para efetuar esta análise, discuti o lugar da retórica numa teoria do discurso, promovendo uma revisão teórico-metodológica do método proposto por Margutti Pinto (1998) em sua análise dos procedimentos argumentativos de Wittgenstein. Desse modo, elaborei, através do estudo da retórica de Searle interpretando Austin, uma proposta de análise retórica através de uma abordagem crítico-discursiva (Fairclough, 2001) condizente com o programa integracionista que inclui em seus objetivos uma tomada de consciência do caráter integral de nossas ações como lingüistas e acadêmicos, originadas da natureza política, interativa, e social de nossa experiência lingüística / Abstract: In this thesis I decided to study the rhetorical structure of theoretical studies of language, aiming to reflect upon the discursive practice involved in the production of linguistic knowledge. In doing so, I have questioned the cientificist discourse that postulates the adoption of certain concepts and a certain method of formalization as a precondition for the characterization of knowledge. Based on an integrationist theoretical perspective (Harris, 1981,1998) centred on a concept of language inspired on Wittgenstein which enables us to question the founding myths of linguistics as well as to emphasise the actions of integration in communication, I have chosen as an object of research the traditional interpretation of J. Austin's theory of speech acts carried out by the philosopher J. Searle, through the analysis of the rhetorical structure of the text "Speech Acts -An Essay in the Philosophy of Language"(1969). Starting from the idea that the theoretical reformulation of Austin done by Searle together with its acceptance and resulting repercussions on linguistics and philosophy are the result of language myth, I analysed the processes of production, interpretation and distribution of Searle's text and concluded that the traditional conceptions of the cientificist and positivist discourse as well as its formal rhetoric configure an order of discourse which is specific to the studies of language which, in this work, I call 'fear of death'. In order to carry out this analysis, I discussed the place of rhetoric in a theory of discourse, promoting a theoretical/methodological revision of the method proposed by Margutti Pinto (1998) in his analysis of the argumentative procedures of Wittgenstein. Thus I elaborated, by studying the rhetoric Searle used when interpreting Austin, a proposal of rhetorical analysis by a criticaldiscursive approach (Fairclough, 2001) which is in tine with the integrationist program which includes amongst its objectives a conscious realisation of the integral character of our actions as linguists and academics, originating in the political, interactive and social natures of our linguistic experience / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

As a historically racialized utterance, nigger has been a contested and despised word since the late 17th Century. Now, in the 21st Century, nigga is still considered one of the most impactful words in the English lexicon. This dissertation provides one situated and contingent analysis of nigga as a moment of excess in the Higher Education classroom. I wed Judith Butler’s theorizing of ex-citable speech via her analyses of J.L. Austin’s influential conceptualizations of speech acts and Louis Althusser’s interpellation to Henry Louis Gates’ theory of Signifyin(g) in order to interrogate the multitudinous articulations and appropriations of nigga as a Signifyin(g) performative. Through my theorizing of nigger-nigga as a Signifyin(g) performative, I interrogate the continuity and discontinuity of use specific to the English Composition and Literature classroom, as well as within multiple Higher Education classrooms and discussions. I interrogate use through the methodology of what I classify as Foucauldian-lite Discourse Analysis, in order to examine nigger and nigga as ex-citable speech. My intention is to interrogate how these utterances inflect and influence constructions of multiply conflicting and complimentary histories, identities, subjectivities and power relationships of professors and students in visible and invisible ways. The Untitled Supplemental Image is a metaphor for my methodology. The image is of my mother’s hands, which a woven throughout the dissertation, symbolically represents my memory of the first time I heard the utterance nigger.