A grande maioria das infecções causadas em ambientes médicos-odontológicas é proveniente de contaminações cruzadas, quando se tem contato entre diferentes instrumentos e /ou aparelhos contaminados após procedimentos médicos. Atualmente o padrão aceito e amplamente utilizado para esterilização de instrumental são os equipamentos chamados de autoclaves, em que é reconhecido e aceito pelos órgãos legisladores. Porém alguns tipos de instrumental e material não podem ser esterilizados utilizando este método tendo uma outra vertente que é aplicação de agentes químicos. Esses criam problemas socioambientais relacionados a sua utilização e descarte. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma autoclave multifuncional com a utilização de gás ozônio, ultravioleta e calor úmido, em que se testou e analisou microbiológica os protocolos de esterilização, obtendo entendimento e otimização do mesmo. Os resultados mostraram-nos que a configuração desenvolvida atingiu aspectos de esterilidade nos protocolos de esterilização avaliados. Entretanto tem a necessidade de aprofundar estudos aplicando o baixo vácuo para o entendimento quanto a utilização quanto os protocolos do funcionamento e uma futura otimização para produção em larga escala. / Most of infection in the medical-dental office is prevenient of cross-contamination, when have the contact with different instrumental and materials without basic control after the process and contact on patient. This point have the standard protocol was accept and described in literature, its utilizing for instrumental sterilizing is the autoclave, it is recognized by organs legislators. However, some instrumental and materials not be accept in this method, on this is necessary one method second in this case is chemical on the instrumentation, but created environmental problem in relation its application. Therefore, this research made the proof of conception in the multifunctional autoclave with the option ozone, ultraviolet and moist heat, what it is analyzing the microbiological protocols of the sterilizing, understanding and optimization the sterilizing process. This results show us which this constructive configuration in this work reached aspects of the sterilizing in the protocols, describe in this text. In the future research in this subject could be study the strongly aspects about the vacuum process before the sterilizing process with ozone gas and development and optimization the prototype for make the scaling up.

A grande maioria das infecções causadas em ambientes médicos-odontológicas é proveniente de contaminações cruzadas, quando se tem contato entre diferentes instrumentos e /ou aparelhos contaminados após procedimentos médicos. Atualmente o padrão aceito e amplamente utilizado para esterilização de instrumental são os equipamentos chamados de autoclaves, em que é reconhecido e aceito pelos órgãos legisladores. Porém alguns tipos de instrumental e material não podem ser esterilizados utilizando este método tendo uma outra vertente que é aplicação de agentes químicos. Esses criam problemas socioambientais relacionados a sua utilização e descarte. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma autoclave multifuncional com a utilização de gás ozônio, ultravioleta e calor úmido, em que se testou e analisou microbiológica os protocolos de esterilização, obtendo entendimento e otimização do mesmo. Os resultados mostraram-nos que a configuração desenvolvida atingiu aspectos de esterilidade nos protocolos de esterilização avaliados. Entretanto tem a necessidade de aprofundar estudos aplicando o baixo vácuo para o entendimento quanto a utilização quanto os protocolos do funcionamento e uma futura otimização para produção em larga escala. / Most of infection in the medical-dental office is prevenient of cross-contamination, when have the contact with different instrumental and materials without basic control after the process and contact on patient. This point have the standard protocol was accept and described in literature, its utilizing for instrumental sterilizing is the autoclave, it is recognized by organs legislators. However, some instrumental and materials not be accept in this method, on this is necessary one method second in this case is chemical on the instrumentation, but created environmental problem in relation its application. Therefore, this research made the proof of conception in the multifunctional autoclave with the option ozone, ultraviolet and moist heat, what it is analyzing the microbiological protocols of the sterilizing, understanding and optimization the sterilizing process. This results show us which this constructive configuration in this work reached aspects of the sterilizing in the protocols, describe in this text. In the future research in this subject could be study the strongly aspects about the vacuum process before the sterilizing process with ozone gas and development and optimization the prototype for make the scaling up.

[pt] No Brasil, as Infecções Hospitalares se constituem na principal causa de mortalidade de pacientes internados, gerando grandes prejuízos financeiros. Em 2008, a ANVISA publicou alerta de emergência epidemiológica devido à ocorrência de infecções por micobactérias de crescimento rápido em todas as regiões do país, infecções fortemente relacionadas a falhas nos processos de limpeza, desinfecção e esterilização de produtos médicos. A validação é uma ferramenta da metrologia que possibilita estabelecer se o processo de esterilização é executado de modo eficaz e reprodutível. Na norma ISO/TS 17665-2:2009 sobre validação da esterilização de produtos para saúde, se destacam recomendações de revalidações periódicas, distribuição espacial de sensores térmicos, critérios de aceitação quanto à temperatura calculada a partir da pressão medida na câmara e estimativa de incerteza de medição. Com base nos requisitos, recomendações, orientações e exigências descritas em documentos nacionais e internacionais, no presente trabalho se desenvolvem sistema e procedimento para avaliação da confiabilidade metrológica de esterilizadores por vapor saturado. Com o sistema foram avaliadas quatro autoclaves gravitacionais em uso hospitalar e industrial. Os resultados reforçam a importância de aspectos como: revalidações, condições ambientais e impacto da estabilidade temporal e uniformidade espacial na incerteza global das câmaras. Em todas as autoclaves avaliadas o processo se realizou por vapor superaquecido, que é menos eficiente e não-conforme à ISO 17665. As limitações identificadas corroboram com os novos requisitos da ANVISA (RDC 15:2012), tanto com relação à exigência de avaliações periódicas de esterilizadores, quanto à proibição do uso de autoclaves gravitacionais com capacidade superior a 100 L. / [en] In Brazil, the Hospital Infections are the main cause of mortality during hospitalization, generating huge financial losses. In 2008, ANVISA issued a warning of epidemiological emergency due to the occurrence of infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria in all regions of the country, strongly related to failures in the processes of cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of medical products. Validation is a metrological tool that allows establishing whether the sterilization process developed is running efficiently and with reproducibility. ISO/TS 17665-2:2009, on validation of sterilization products for health, highlights the need of periodic revalidations, measurements of temperature with sensors distributed throughout the chamber volume, specifies acceptance criteria based on measurements of pressure in the internal volume of the chamber (theoretical temperature) and introduces the measurement uncertainty requirement. In this work, based on the requirements and recommendations outlined in national and international documents, a system and procedure are developed for the metrological reliability evaluation of saturated steam sterilizers. With the developed system, four gravitational autoclaves were evaluated. The results reinforce the importance of revalidation, environmental conditions, and the contribution of temporal stability and spatial uniformity in the overall uncertainty of the cameras. All the autoclave process was carried out by means of superheated steam, which is less efficient and non-conform to ISO 17665. The limitations identified corroborate with the recently published requirements of RDC ANVISA 15:2012, concerning both the need of periodic evaluations of sterilizers and the prohibition of the use of gravitational autoclaves with capacity exceeding 100 L.

Une des problématiques liées à l'utilisation des matériaux composites dans les structures tient à la difficulté de prévoir l'effet des variabilités inhérentes à ce type de matériau sur le comportement mécanique. Les propriétés d'une structure composite dépendent non seulement du procédé, mais aussi des matières premières et des choix de conception. Dans le but d'introduire des variabilités géométriques dans le calcul numérique des pièces composites, on part dans ce travail de l'hypothèse que les variations des grandeurs géométriques ne sont pas distribuées totalement aléatoirement, mais que celles-ci suivent des évolutions spatiales continues. Pour que les valeurs d'entrée qui nourrissent le modèle numérique soient basées sur la réalité du matériau, l'identification et la quantification des plages de variabilités et de leurs évolutions sont réalisées sur la période de la fabrication de plaques composites CFRP comptant ici 16 plis avec une stratification quasi isotrope et polymérisées en autoclave. Parmi les sources de variabilité identifiées et quantifiées, l'étude de la répartition des désalignements des fibres dans le plan et de l'évolution des variations des épaisseurs des plis a mené à la proposition de lois mathématiques d'évolution spatiale basées sur la réalité du matériau dans la pièce. Ces lois mathématiques sont ensuite utilisées pour récréer numériquement plusieurs structures composites différentes de la structure observée mais qui possèdent des valeurs de dispersions des propriétés similaires aux plaques réelles. Enfin, les structures numériques sont analysées dans un modèle éléments finis pour évaluer l'impact des dites variabilités géométriques et matériaux sur les propriétés mécaniques de la structure finale au travers de plusieurs études de cas. / One of the major challenges related to the use of composite materials in structural applications is the difficulty to predict the effect of their inherent variabilities on the mechanical behaviour for such materials. The structural properties do not only depend on the fabrication process, but also depend on the raw materials and design considerations. The major goal of this thesis is the introduction of geometrical variabilities into a finite element (FE) model starting from the hypothesis that geometrical variations are not completely randomly distributed, but they maintain a spatial continuous evolution. To guarantee that the input parameters of the FE model are based on the reality of the material, the identification and quantification of the variability distributions together with their spatial evolutions are performed during the fabrication of CFRP composite plates. These plates have a 16 ply quasi-isotropic stratification and are cured in autoclave. Among the identified and quantified variability sources, the study of the in plane fibre misalignments and the evolution of the ply thickness variations has conducted to the proposition of mathematical representations of the spatial evolution of these variables based on the material reality. These mathematical representations are used to recreate different sets of virtual composites structures maintaining dispersion values similar to the real plates. Finally, the virtual structures are analysed in the FE model to evaluate the impact of such geometrical and material variabilities on the mechanical properties of the final structure.

No description available.

Les principaux enjeux de la fabrication de pièces en matériaux composites (coût, temps de fabrication, performances,...) sont intimement liés aux moyens de mise en oeuvre, principalement les autoclaves; qui engendrent non seulement des coûts très élevés en termes d'installation et d'entretien, mais limitent également les cadences de production à cause de la longueur des cycles. Afin de réduire cette dépendance, des procédés de fabrication hors autoclave ont été envisagés (Quickstep, Roctool, VARTM, VBO...) entrainant par conséquent des modifications dans la conception des matériaux destinés à ces procédés (cinétique, rhéologie, façon dont sont imprégnées les fibres...). Afin de limiter les changements en termes de procédé de fabrication, de matières premières, de produits d'environnement et de conditions de mise en oeuvre, c'est sur le procédé Vacuum Bag Only que porte cette étude. Plusieurs développement de semi-produits ces dernières années ont permis d'augmenter la robustesse de ce procédé de fabrication, palliant ainsi à cette absence de pression externe durant la cuisson en étuve. Il reste toutefois à démontrer la viabilité de ces produits par rapport à leur mise en oeuvre, à comprendre les mécanismes d'extraction de l'air et à estimer les propriétés mécaniques atteignables par rapport à leur équivalent autoclave. / The main issues concerning composite part manufacturing (cost, manufacturing time, mechanical performances, etc.) are closely linked to the means of curing, mainly autoclaves; which do not only generate very high installation and maintenance costs, but also limit production rates because of the length of the cycles. In order to reduce this dependence, non-autoclave manufacturing processes have been envisaged (Quickstep, Roctool, VARTM, VBO ...) therefore leading to modifications in the design of the materials intended for these processes (including kinetics, rheology, fiber impregnation methods). In order to limit the changes in terms of manufacturing process, raw materials, environment products and implementation conditions, this study is based on the Vacuum Bag Only process. Several semi-product developments in recent years have made it possible to increase the robustness of this manufacturing process, thereby overcoming the lack of external pressure during an oven cure. However, the viability of these products in relation to their implementation still needs to be demonstrated, as well as the understanding of the air removal mechanisms and the estimation of the achievable mechanical properties compared to their autoclave counterpart.

<p>The purpose of this project has been to cut production costs for the fascia panels of</p><p>Getinge’s largest autoclaves. The cost for the stainless steel plates currently used is very</p><p>high. An alternative material solution could cut costs significantly.</p><p>In addition, improvements have been made to the instrument tower which is a central part</p><p>of the fascia panel. As a result of the new modular design in a new material the</p><p>instrument tower has been improved in several aspects.</p>

The purpose of this project has been to cut production costs for the fascia panels of Getinge’s largest autoclaves. The cost for the stainless steel plates currently used is very high. An alternative material solution could cut costs significantly. In addition, improvements have been made to the instrument tower which is a central part of the fascia panel. As a result of the new modular design in a new material the instrument tower has been improved in several aspects.

Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-11-27T20:45:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 monize_ferreira_figueiredo_carvalho.pdf: 962678 bytes, checksum: 2e2f2f37c2d2d6188adba0f43fc22067 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-01T16:52:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 monize_ferreira_figueiredo_carvalho.pdf: 962678 bytes, checksum: 2e2f2f37c2d2d6188adba0f43fc22067 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T16:52:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 monize_ferreira_figueiredo_carvalho.pdf: 962678 bytes, checksum: 2e2f2f37c2d2d6188adba0f43fc22067 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Dentes humanos extra?dos s?o usados com frequ?ncias em laborat?rios e cursos de pr? ? cl?nica. Embora n?o tenha ocorrido nenhum relato da transmiss?o de doen?as com dentes humanos extra?dos, a desinfec??o/esteriliza??o desses dentes consistem em uma obrigatoriedade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a efic?cia da solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% como um novo m?todo de desinfe??o/esteriliza??o de dentes humanos extra?dos, usando o microrganismo E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Neste estudo, 56 molares h?gidos foram contaminados com E. faecalis. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos para desinfec??o/esteriliza??o: Grupos n=14 Grupo 1(GI): solu??o salina; GII: autoclave; GIII: solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% por 7 dias; GIV: solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% por 14 dias. Ap?s os procedimentos, cada dente foi ent?o dividido e colocado em frascos individuais contendo o meio de crescimento por at? 14 dias. As amostras foram monitoradas quanto a evid?ncia de crescimento (turbidez) e valores de absorb?ncia. Todas os grupos experimentais promoveram redu??o de E. faecalis e diferen?as estatisticamente significativa foram observadas entre os grupos ( Teste T para amostras independentes) com valor de p< 0,05. Apenas o GII, m?todo autoclave durante 30 minutos a 121? C a 15 psi foi eficaz na preven??o do crescimento bacteriano. Para a solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% os grupos GII e GIV foram eficientes na redu??o da carga microbiana. Por?m GIV apresentou melhores resultados que GIII, 1,00 (?0,02) vs 0,89 (?0,09), respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem que a solu??o de fluoreto de s?dio a 2% pode ser considerado um novo m?todo desinfetante pela capacidade de destruir e reduzir a quantidade do microrganismo E. faecalis. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Odontologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT Extracted human teeth are used in many laboratory and preclinical courses. While there has been no report of disease transmission with extracted teeth, desinfection/sterilization should be a concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sodium fluoride to 2% like a new disinfection/sterilization method of extracted human teeth using E. faecalis. In this study, 56 extracted molars without carious lesions were collected and inoculated with E. faecalis. Teeth were divided into four groups for disinfection/sterilization: Group I (GI): saline solution; GII: autoclaving; GIII: sodium fluoride to 2% for 1 week; GIV: sodium fluoride to 2% for 2 weeks. Each tooth was then placed in an individual test tube with growth medium. Samples were examined for evidence of growth (turbity) and absorbance values. All experimental groups promoted reduction of E. faecalis and a statistically significant difference was observed between groups ( test t for independet samples) with p<0,05. Only GII, method autoclaving for 30 minutes at 121? C and 15 psi was effective in preventing growth. However, GIV showed better results than GIII, 1,00 (?0,02) vs 0,89 (?0,09), respectively. These results suggest that the solution of sodium fluoride to 2% can be a new method for disinfecting because of the ability to destroy and reduce the amount of microorganism E. faecalis.

No description available.