Diplomarbeit im Studiengang Information Science an der Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Chur.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. [90]-98.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. / Ute Fischer, Committee Member ; Jerry R. Duncan, Committee Member ; Gregory Corso, Committee Member ; Wendy A. Rogers, Committee Member ; Arthur D. Fisk, Committee Chair.

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss.

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2006

Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Freiburg (Breisgau).

As a part of Göteborg Energi’s work towards a smarter electric grid, the company has chosen to investigate the possibilities of automation in their middle voltage grid. In Europe, there are example cases where these technologies already are installed which many articles on the CIRED conference 2011 proved. Netcontrol Oy in Finland has, together with Tekla, created an automated SCADA system that Vattenfall in Finland today uses. The grid mainly consists of 10 kV open loop fed city grid and this automation is mainly designed for this type of grid. The intention of the automation is to when a fault occurs, the automation disconnects the faulted cable in the loop and then reconnects, this in as little time as possible in order to not make customers suffer.There are several different theories about how automation can be implemented, the two main principles are local automation and centralized automation. The local automation is implemented at station level with fault detectors that communicate with each other and thus disconnects a fault in the circuit using logic steps. This is the fastest option and Göteborg Energi has already installed several devices in the grid, which could make this option possible to realize. The other alternative is to let the SCADA do the sectionalizing using information from the indicators in the loop. This poses a problem though when the system becomes more complex. The operational staff might have problems with letting the SCADA make its own decisions and thereby lose control over the events in the grid. What the system could do instead is to make a suggestion on how the operational staff should handle the situation. However, the fault durations in this case will end at its best around 2-5 minutes and this makes the customer suffer for a longer time than the earlier principle.Hence, local automation is recommended, partly because it is today implemented in the grid and also because the fault duration is much shorter. This option can, with today’s technology disconnect a single-phase to ground fault without a power failure, and thus does no customer suffer during the fault. This should be supplemented with some sort of residual current compensation of the earth fault in order to remove the active fault current, thus minimizing the probability of a double earth fault or short circuit. Göteborg Energi should contact the suppliers of these devices and find out what they consider appropriate, and implement the technology in a loop as a pilot project to investigate its function.

Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete på kandidatnivå, utfört på uppdrag av Meritor HVS AB i Lindesberg. Arbetet genomfördes under våren 2018 som ett examinationsmoment på högskoleingenjörsprogrammet inom innovativ produktion/logistik vid Mälardalens Högskolas akademi för innovation, design och teknik. Studiens syfte presenteras som ”Att generera konceptidéer för automatiserad materialhantering som bidrar till ökad konkurrenskraft”. För att skapa underlag till utveckling av konceptidéer genomfördes en studie med frågeställningarna; <ul type="disc">Vilka faktorer behöver förbättras i det nuvarande systemet för materialhantering? Vilken/Vilka funktioner beror de identifierade faktorerna av? Hur kan de identifierade funktionerna utvecklas genom automation för att förbättra och effektivisera materialhanteringssystemet?   En fallstudie konstruerades och avgränsades till materialflödet av gallerstaplar inom uppdragsgivarens fabrik. Relevant data har inhämtats genom observationer av hanteringsprocesser samt studerandet av marknaden för applicerbar teknologi. Data har analyserats, med stöd från bland annat aktuell forskning vid Mälardalens Högskola samt andra tryckta och elektroniska källor rörande logistik och materialhantering. Resultat är ett koncept som visualiserats med hjälp av CAD-modellering. Studien stödjer konceptet som ett alternativ för att skapa en säkrare arbetsmiljö för operatörerna på berörda avdelningar samt reducera ergonomisk överbelastning. Ytterligare visar studien att förbrukningen av fysiskt utrymme i fabriken och operatörers arbetstid kan reduceras, samt att tillgängligheten i bearbetningsceller kan förbättras. Avslutningsvis diskuteras och kritiseras studiens omfattning. Rapporten bör inte ses som ett underlag för beslutsfattande utan snarare en utgångspunkt för vidareutveckling. Med stöd från relevant teori, föreslås att leverantörer av teknologi involveras i detaljutvecklingsprocessen samt att frågor rörande arbetsrutiner och användargränssnitt behandlas i vidare efterforskningar.

Over the past two decades, technology has developed tremendously, at an almost exponential rate. While this development has served the nation in numerous different positive ways, negatives have also emerged. One such negative is that of computer crime. This criminality has even grown so fast as to leave current digital forensic tools lagging behind in terms of development, and capabilities to manage such increasing and sophisticated types of crime. In essence the time taken to analyse a case is huge and increasing, and cases are not fully or properly investigated. This results in an ever-increasing number of pending and unsolved cases pertaining to computer crime. Digital forensics has become an essential tool in the fight against computer crime, providing both procedures and tools for the acquisition, examination and analysis of digital evidence. However, the use of technology is expanding at an ever-increasing rate, with the number of devices a single user might engage with increasing from a single device to 3 or more, the data capacity of those devices reaching far into the Terabytes, and the nature of the underlying technology evolving (for example, the use of cloud services). This results in an incredible challenge for forensic examiners to process and analyse cases in an efficient and effective manner. This thesis focuses upon the examination and analysis phases of the investigative process and considers whether automation of the process is possible. The investigation begins with researching the current state of the art, and illustrates a wide range of challenges that are facing the digital forensics investigators when analysing a case. Supported by a survey of forensic researchers and practitioners, key challenges were identified and prioritised. It was found that 95% of participants believed that the number of forensic investigations would increase in the coming times, with 75% of participants believing that the time consumed in such cases would increase. With regards to the digital forensic sophistication, 95% of the participants expected a rise in the complexity level and sophistication of digital forensics. To this end, an automated intelligent system that could be used to reduce the investigator’s time and cognitive load was found to be a promising solution. A series of experiments are devised around the use of Self-Organising Maps (SOMs) – a technique well known for unsupervised clustering of objects. The analysis is performed on a range of file system and application-level objects (e.g. email, internet activity) across four forensic cases. Experiment evaluations revealed SOMs are able to successfully cluster forensic artefacts from the remaining files. Having established SOMs are capable of clustering wanted artefacts from the case, a novel algorithm referred to as the Automated Evidence Profiler (AEP), is proposed to encapsulate the process and provide further refinement of the artefact identification process. The algorithm led to achieving identification rates in examined cases of 100% in two cases and 94% in a third. A novel architecture is proposed to support the algorithm in an operational capacity – considering standard forensic techniques such as hashing for known files, file signature analysis, application-level analysis. This provides a mechanism that is capable of utilising the A E P with several other components that are able to filter, prioritise and visualise artefacts of interest to investigator. The approach, known as Automated Forensic Examiner (AFE), is capable of identifying potential evidence in a more efficient and effective manner. The approach was evaluated by a number of experts in the field, and it was unanimously agreed that the chosen research problem was one with great validity. Further to this, the experts all showed support for the Automated Forensic Examiner based on the results of cases analysed.