本研究之宗旨在於探究中國大陸對亞洲區域內國家的金融市場影響程度之變化。由過去的各國股市日報酬率資料間相關程度與政策改變間的影響結果，來觀察是否未來在兩岸政策更開放下會使中國大陸對台灣的影響程度上升，進而使國際間投資組合的風險分散效果下降。本研究自DataStream選取台灣、香港、中國大陸、泰國、印尼、新加坡、馬來西亞、菲律賓、日本以及美國等十國的股價指數日資料，以對數轉換為日報酬率後年化加以分析。選取時間自1991年7月15日(中國大陸上海證券交易所股價指數公開後)至2008年12月31日。本研究選用的方法為使用風險值(VaR; Value at Risk)的概念來取代傳統的標準差，衡量以該十國所分別組成的各投資組合風險值變動情形；以及由風險值所衍生出的Diversification Benefit與Incremental VaR的結果。發現到僅由亞洲區域國家內組成的投資組合風險分散效果逐漸下降；且效果並不如有納入區域外國家(如美國)的投資組合。接著本研究將Gaussian Copula模型放入VaR中以增加對極端值的捕捉能力，結果發現本研究所選用的指數加權移動平均法所求得之相關係數已可有效反應出各國之間的相依程度，即加入Copula的效果有限。另外藉由Copula所求得之相關係數顯示，台灣、香港對中國大陸之間的相依程度已逐漸上升，並開始出現超越美國之現象，其中又以2005年為上升趨勢的起點。最後本研究以向量自我迴歸模型(VARs)來驗證2005年前後中國大陸股市對其他亞洲區域國家的影響力是否存在結構性的改變；並再佐以變異數拆解之方法來觀察2005年前後各國家之間自發性衝擊對彼此之間的影響程度變化。研究結果發現，透過VARs可證明中國大陸對亞洲區域各國的影響力在2005年後轉變為顯著；僅對美國不存在此一現象。另外變異數拆解的結果也顯示各國之間的相依程度在2005年後有明顯的上升，中國大陸對各國的影響程度亦然。透過本研究之結論，在未來兩岸將簽訂金融監理備忘錄使整合關係提升的環境下，需提醒投資人整合關係的上升將使得以之為標的之投資組合風險分散效果下降，需作為投資策略之考量。 / The object of this research is to find out the trend of dependence and correlation between China and other Asian countries. Based on past information about the relationship between equity markets’ correlation and changes in policies, this research can make suggestions to the foreseeable future of Taiwan and China whose relationship will be more solid due to new policy. The data of this research are gathered from DataStream, which includes Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Japan and United States. Selected from 1991/07/15 (when the Shanghai SE Composite went public) to 2008/12/31, this research calculates the annualized daily return using natural logarithms of two consecutive daily index prices. This research uses Value at Risk (VaR) to measure the risk exposure of portfolios formed by ten countries, and extends to the use of Diversification Benefit and Incremental VaR. The results found out that the diversification effects of portfolio which includes only Asian countries are decreasing and inferior to the effects when cross region countries are included. The second study of this research is to combine Gaussian Copula Model with VaR to capture the effects of extreme values. Empirical results found out that the VaR using Exponentially Weighted Moving Average method is good enough for analyzing Asian stock markets. The correlation in Copula model suggests that the dependence between Taiwan and China had increased since 2005 and has the increasing trend which might overwhelm the dependence between Taiwan and United States. Final research is about using Vector Autoregressions Model (VARs) to testify is there exist any structural change of dependence before and after 2005, and using Variance Decomposition to observe the relationships between these ten countries. The results found out that there exist structural change in 2005, the post-2005 periods shows that for Asian countries the effect from China are significant and greater than pre-2005 periods.

This dissertation examines the causal relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth (GDP) in SADC countries. The study investigates, within a panel data context, whether causation is short-term, long-term or both; and explores whether the causal relationship between the two variables differs according to income level. The study covered a panel of 15 SADC countries over the period 1980-2012. In order to assess whether the causal relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth is dependent on the level of income, the study divided the SADC countries into two groups, namely, the low-income and the middleincome countries. The study used the recently developed panel data analysis methods to examine this causal relationship. It adopted a three stage approach, which consists of panel unit root, panel cointegration and Granger causality to examine the dynamic causal relationship between the two variables. Panel unit root results show that both variables in the two SADC country groups were integrated of order one. Panel cointegration tests showed that the variables for low-income country group were not cointegrated, while the variables for the middle-income countries were cointegrated. Since the low-income country group panels were not cointegrated, Grangercausality tests were conducted within a VAR framework, while causality tests for the middleincome country group were conducted within an ECM framework. Panel Granger causality results for the low-income countries showed no evidence of causality in either direction. However, for the middle-income countries’ panel, there was evidence of a unidirectional causal flow from GDP to FDI in both the long- and short- run. The study concludes that the FDI-led growth hypothesis does not apply to SADC countries. The results imply that the recent high economic growth rates recorded in the SADC region, especially middle-income countries, have been attracting FDI. In other words, it is economic growth that drives FDI inflows into the SADC region, and not vice versa. These findings have profound policy implications for the SADC region at large and individual countries. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge C Siqueira.pdf: 785030 bytes, checksum: 11ecce584ab79026b6028037746e40c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / ABSTRAT The purpose of this study is to present and discuss the main impacts the indexation profile and the term-structure of the public debt may inflict on the debt´s trajectory. The main result of the study suggests that there may exist a vicious circle stemming from the relationship between the rise of the short-term interest rate of the Brazilian economy and the growing-path behavior of its public debt. It is stated that this movement may be a consequence of the uniqueness of the structure of Brazilian public debt, which is largely composed by short-term securities pegged to the short-term interest rate of the economy (Selic). In order to demonstrate this statement, the approach taken up rests on two models of public debt administration and on the analysis of these models in reference to the behavior of the level and the profile of indexation and term-structure of the public debt between 1995 and 2005. Therefore, our effort seeks to present the workings of this supposed vicious circle and its impacts on the behavior of the Brazilian public debt. In addition, in order to estimate exercises which may, at some length, corroborate the main idea proposed by this study, we make use of some econometric tools, such as Vector auto-regressions models and Vector Erros Corretions / O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar e discutir os principais impactos que o perfil de indexação e prazo da dívida pública brasileira podem exercer sobre a trajetória da dívida. O principal resultado desse trabalho sugere a existência de um círculo vicioso entre elevações na taxa de juros de curto prazo da economia brasileira e a evolução crescente da dívida pública. Sugere-se que esse movimento possa ser conseqüência da peculiaridade da dívida pública brasileira, que se traduz numa dívida representada em grande parte por títulos de curto prazo e indexados a taxa de juros de curto prazo da economia (Selic). Para isso, utiliza-se uma abordagem que envolve a apresentação de dois modelos de administração de dívida pública e a análise desses modelos em conjunto com a evolução do nível e do perfil de indexação e prazo da dívida pública brasileira durante o período de 1995 - 2005. Dessa maneira, tenta-se apresentar o funcionamento desse suposto círculo vicioso e seus impactos para a evolução da dívida pública brasileira. Ainda utiliza-se o instrumental econométrico dos modelos Vetores auto-regressivos (VAR) e Vetores de Correção de Erros (VEC) para se estimarem exercícios que de certa forma corroboram a principal idéia sugerida nesse trabalho