Le contexte sociétal et environnemental en France et en Europe durant ces dernières années est largement favorable à l’électrification des moyens de transports, principalement les véhicules, afin de réduire les émissions de CO2. Les pouvoirs publics déploient d’importants efforts afin de rendre les véhicules électrifiés plus accessibles aux citoyens, en octroyant des primes conséquentes lors de l’achat de véhicules « propres ». De leur côté, les constructeurs automobiles cherchent à diminuer le coût des véhicules électriques et hybrides en proposant des solutions techniques pouvant réduire le coût de fabrication des organes, principalement les batteries, les moteurs thermiques et électriques, tout en assurant des performances élevés. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier et de réaliser une machine électrique répondant à un cahier des charges très contraignant en termes d’encombrement axial et de densité de couple pour une application comme moteur de traction d’un véhicule hybride. De plus, cette machine doit être innovante, robuste et dont le procédé de fabrication est automatisable et à faible coût. Ainsi, un état de l’art élargi sur les différentes machines électriques a été effectué. En fonction des exigences liées à notre application, une machine à flux axial à aimants permanents enterrés à bobinage concentrique a été choisie.Initialement, un modèle analytique simplifié a été établi et couplé à un outil d’optimisation. Les paramètres géométriques et électriques obtenus ont été alors réajustés en utilisant un modèle numérique basé sur les éléments finis 3D. Différentes modifications ont été apportées à cette machine initiale en raison de l’évolution du cahier des charges des performances et des contraintes géométriques. Les grandeurs électromagnétiques telles que le couple et la puissance ont été analysées pour différents points de fonctionnement. Les pertes dans les aimants permanents ont été calculées en développant un modèle numérique hybride basé sur les différences finies 3D, réduisant ainsi le temps de calcul comparativement aux éléments finis 3D. Afin de valider les différents résultats obtenus, un prototype de la machine a été réalisé. Cette machine a également été modélisée en utilisant les Circuits Equivalents Magnétiques quasi-3D. Ce modèle semi-analytique est générique par rapport aux dimensions géométriques et électriques, avec une discrétisation adaptative. De plus, les effets de denture et de saturation sont pris en compte. Les inductions magnétiques, les flux magnétiques et le couple électromagnétique ont pu être obtenus avec ce modèle, en assurant une bonne précision et un temps de calcul réduit comparativement aux éléments finis 3D. / The societal and environmental context in France and Europe during the last few years has been largely favorable to the electrification of transportation means, mainly vehicles, in order to reduce CO2 emissions. The authorities are working hard to make the electrified vehicles more affordable, by providing substantial premiums during the purchase of “clean” vehicles. For their part, the automakers are looking to reduce the cost of electric and hybrid electric vehicles by offering technical solutions that can reduce the manufacturing cost of the car components, mainly batteries, thermal and electric motors, while ensuring high performances. The main objective of this thesis is to study and realize an electric machine, which satisfies very restrictive specifications in terms of axial size and torque density in order to be used as a traction motor for a hybrid electric vehicle. In addition, this machine must be innovative, with a high reliability, low cost and automated manufacturing process. Thus, a state of art about the various electric machines has been achieved. Depending on the requirements of our application, an axial flux machine with buried permanent magnets and concentrated winding has been selected. Initially, a simplified analytical model has been developed and coupled to an optimization tool. The obtained geometrical and electrical parameters have been adjusted using a numerical model based on the 3D finite element. Various modifications have been applied to the initial machine due to the modification of the geometrical and performance specifications. Electromagnetic performances such as torque and power have been analyzed for various operating points. Losses in the permanent magnets have been calculated using a hybrid numerical 3D model based on the finite difference and finite element, which allows to reduce the computation time compared to transient 3D finite element. In order to validate the different results, a prototype of the machine has been realized. This machine has also been modeled using a quasi-3D magnetic equivalent circuits. This semi-analytical model is generic regarding the geometrical and electrical parameters, with an adaptive discretization. Furthermore, the saturation and the slotting effects have been taken into account. The magnetic flux density, the flux linkage and the electromagnetic torque have been calculated with this model, ensuring high accuracy and reduced time computation compared to 3D finite element.

In the past two decades the core aircraft technology is going through a drastic change. The traditional technologies that is almost half a century old, is going through a complete revamp. In the new “More Electric Aircraft” technology many mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic systems are being replaced by electrical and power electronic systems. Airbus-A380, Boeing B-787 are the pioneers in the family of these new breed of aircrafts. As the aircraft technology is moving towards “More Electric”, more and more electric motors and motor controllers are being used in new aircrafts. Number of electric motor drive systems has increased by about ten times in more electric aircrafts compared to traditional aircrafts. Weight of any electric component that goes into aircraft needs to be low to reduce the overall weight of aircraft so as to improve the fuel efficiency of the aircraft. Hence there is an increased need to reduce weight of motors and motor controllers in commercial aircraft. High speed ironless axial flux permanent magnet brushless dc motors are becoming popular in the new more-electric aircrafts because of their ability to meet the demand of light weight, high power density, high efficiency and high reliability. However, these motors come with very low inductance, which poses a big challenge to the motor controllers in controlling the ripple current in motor windings. Multilevel inverters can solve this problem. Three-level inverters are proposed in this thesis for driving axial flux BLDC motors in aircraft. Majority of the motors in new more electric aircrafts are in the power range of 2kW to 20kW, while a few motor applications being in the range of 100kW to 150kW. Motor controllers in these applications run from 270Vdc or 540Vdc bus which is the standard in new more electric aircraft architecture. Multilevel Inverter is popular in the industry for high power and high voltage applications, where high-voltage power switching devices like IGBT, GTO are popularly used. However multilevel inverters have not been tried in the low power range which is appropriate for aircraft applications. A detail analysis of practical feasibility of constructing three-level inverter in lower power and voltage level is presented in this thesis. Analysis is presented that verify the advantages of driving low voltage and low power (300Vdc to 600Vdc and less than 100kW) motors with multilevel inverters. Practical considerations for design of MOSFET based three-level inverter are investigated and topological modifications are suggested. The effect of clamping diodes in the diode clamped multilevel inverters play an important role in determining its efficiency. SiC diodes are proposed to be used as clamping diodes. Further, it is realised that power loss introduced by reverse recovery of MOSFET body diode prohibits use of MOSFET in hard switched inverter legs. Hence, a technique of avoiding the reverse recovery losses of MOSFET body diode in three-level NPC inverter is conceived. The use of proposed multilevel inverter topology enables operation at high switching frequency without sacrificing efficiency. High switching frequency of operation reduces the output filter requirement, which in turn helps reducing size of the inverter. In this research work elaborate trade-off analysis is done to quantify the suitability of multilevel inverters in the low power applications. For successful operation of three-level NPC inverter in aircraft electrical system, it is important for the DC bus structure in aircraft electric primary distribution system to be compatible to drive NPC inverters. Hence a detail study of AC to DC power conversion system as applied to commercial aircraft electrical system is done. Multi-pulse rectifiers using autotransformers are used in aircrafts. Investigation is done to improve these rectifiers for future aircrafts, such that they can support new technologies of future generation motor controllers. A new 24-pulse isolated transformer rectifier topology is proposed. From two 15º displaced 6-phase systems feeding two 12-pulse rectifiers that are series connected, a 24-pulse rectifier topology is obtained. Though, windings of each 12-pulse rectifiers are isolated from primary, the 6-phase generation is done without any isolation of the transformer windings. The new 24-pulse transformer topology has lower VA rating compared to standard 12-pulse rectifiers. Though the new 24-pulse transformer-rectifier solution is robust and simple, it adds to the weight of the overall system, as compared to the present architecture as the proposed topology uses isolated transformer. Non-isolated autotransformer cannot provide split voltage at the dc-link that creates a stable mid-point voltage as required by the three-level NPC inverter. Hence, a new front-end AC-DC power conversion system with switched capacitor is conceived that can support motor controllers driven by three-level inverters. Laboratory experimental results are presented to validate the new proposed topology. In this proposed topology, the inverter dc-link voltage is double the input dc-link voltage. An intense research work is performed to understand the operation of Trapezoidal Back EMF BLDC motor driven by three-Level NPC inverter. Operation of BLDC motor from three-Level inverter is primarily advantageous for low inductance motors, like ironless axial flux motors. For low inductance BLDC motor, very high switching frequency is required to limit the magnitude of ripple current in motor winding. Three-level inverters help limiting the magnitude of motor ripple current without increasing the switching frequency to very high value. Further, it is analysed that dc link mid-point current in three-level NPC inverter for driving trapezoidal BLDC motor has a zero average current with fundamental frequency same as switching frequency. Because of this, trapezoidal BLDC motors can easily be operated from three-level NPC inverter without any special attention given to mid-point voltage unbalance. One non-ideal condition arrives in practical implementation of the inverter that leads to non-zero average mid point current. Unequal gate drive dead time delays from one leg to other leg of inverter introduce dc-link mid-point voltage unbalance. For the motoring mode operation of trapezoidal BLDC motor drive, simple gate drive logic is researched that eliminates need of the gate drive dead-time, and hence solves the mid-point voltage unbalance issue. Simple closed loop control scheme for mid-point voltage balancing also is also proposed. This control scheme may be used in applications where very precise control of speed and torque ripple is warranted. All the investigations reported in this thesis are simulated extensively on MATHCAD and MATLAB platform using SIMULINK toolbox. A laboratory experimental set-up of three-Level inverter driving axial flux BLDC motor is built. The three-level inverter, operating from 300Vdc bus is built using 500V MOSFETs and 600V SiC diodes. All the control schemes are implemented digitally on digital signal processor TMS320F2812 DSP platform and GAL22V10B platforms. Experimental results are collected to validate the theoretical propositions made in the present research work. At the end, in chapter 5, some future works are proposed. A new external voltage balance circuit is proposed where the inverter dc-link voltage is same as the input dc-link voltage. This topology is based on the resonant converter principle and uses a lighter resonant inductor than prior arts available in literature. Detail simulation and experimentation of this topology may be carried out to validate the industrial benefits of this circuit. It is also thought that current source inverters may work as an alternative to voltage source inverters for driving BLDC motors. Current source inverters eliminate use of bulky DC-link capacitors. Long term reliability of current source inverters is higher than voltage source inverters due to the absence of possibility of shoot-through. Further, in voltage source inverters, the voltage at the motor terminal is limited by the source voltage (dc-link voltage). This issue is eliminated in current source inverters. An interface circuit is conceived to reduce the size of dc-link inductors in current source inverters, pending detail analysis and experimental verification. The interface circuit bases its fundamentals on the principles of operation of multilevel inverters for BLDC motors that is presented in this thesis.

This thesis is related to axial flux permanent magnet machines. The first part is describes the basic information about this type of machines. Main part is focused on design of the machine. For the purpose of the preliminary design there is mathematical model of the basic machine. This model is followed by finite elements analysis for the further evaluations and validation of the mathematical design. The last part is evaluating the loses of the machine ant its virtual efficiency.

Diplomová práca, ktorú držíte v rukách, sa zaoberá návrhom elektrického generátoru pre modely lietadiel na diaľkové ovládanie poháňané spaľovacím motorom. Takýmto modelom je dodávaná energia pomocou batérií, ktoré sa musia po vybití vymieňať. Motiváciou tejto práce bolo potlačiť potrebu pristávania za účelom dobíjania batériových paketov. Práca vyvíja niekoľko analýz a simulačných modelov pre riešenie tohto problému.

Tato dizertační práce se zabývá návrhem původního motor-generátoru s axiálním tokem a buzením permanetními magnety, zkonstruovaným specificky pro hybridní elektrický autobus. Návrhové zadání pro tento stroj přineslo požadavky, které vedly k této unikátní topologii tak, aby byl dosažen výkon, účinnost a rozměry stroje. Tato partikulární topologie motor-generátoru s axiálním tokem je výsledkem literární rešerše, kterou následoval výběr koncepce stroje s představeným návrhem jako výsledkem těchto procesů. Přístup k návrhu stroje s axiálním tokem sledoval „multi-fyzikální“ koncepci, která pracuje s návrhem elektromagnetickým, tepelným, mechanickým, včetně návrhu řízení, v jedné iteraci. Tím je v konečném návrhu zajištěna rovnováha mezi těmito inženýrskými disciplínami. Pro samotný návrh stroje byla vyvinuta sada výpočtových a analytických nástrojů, které byly podloženy metodou konečných prvků tak, aby samotný návrh stroje byl přesnější a spolehlivější. Modelování somtného elektrického stroje a celého pohonu poskytlo představu o výkonnosti a účinnosti celého subsytému v rozmanitých operačních podmínkách. Rovněž poukázal na optimizační potenciál pro návrh řízení subsystému ve smyslu maximalizace účinnosti celého pohonu. Bylo postaveno několik prototypů tohoto stroje, které prošly intensivním testováním jak na úrovni sybsytému, tak systému. Samotné výsledky testů jsou diskutovány a porovnány s analytickými výpočty parametrů stroje. Poznatky získané z prvního prototypu stroje pak sloužily k představení možností, jak zjednodušit výrobu a montáž stroje v příští generaci. Tato práce zaznamenává jednotlivé kroky během všech fází vývoje elektrického stroje s axiálním tokem, počínaje výběrem konceptu stroje, konče sumarizací zkušeností získaných z první generace prototypu tohoto stroje.

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With a rising drive towards greener means of transportation, electrical machines for propulsion are becoming a scientific field of major interest. In particular, part of the research studying these devices focuses its efforts on axial-flux machines, which compared to radial-flux machines can offer a better length-to-diameter ratio and higher torque arm for similar ratings. The analysis carried out throughout this degree project deals with the development and testing of an electromagnetic sizing algorithm for double-stator axial-flux induction machines (DS-AFIM). The designs produced by the algorithm are simulated via finite-element method (FEM) and validated through a comparison with measurements taken upon a real machine. The FEM simulated designs show agreement with the experimental values obtained from physical measurements, although material identification procedures are performed to assess the stator lamination’s magnetic properties. The results obtained validate the sizing algorithm and the designs produced by it, thus allowing to fill a gap in the literature regarding this particular machine topology. / Med en stigande drivkraft mot grönare transportmedel blir elektriska maskiner för framdrivning ett vetenskapligt ämne av stort intresse. Mer specifikt så fokuserar en del av forskningen som studerar dessa enheter på axialflödesmaskiner, som jämfört med radiella flussmaskiner erbjuder ett bättre förhållande mellan längd och diameter och högre vridmomentarm för liknande resultat. Analysen som genomfördes under hela detta examensarbete handlar om att utveckla och testa en elektromagnetisk dimensioneringsalgoritm för dubbel statoriska axiella flödesinduktionsmaskiner (DS-AFIM). Designen som skapas av algoritmen simuleras genom den finita-element-metoden (FEM) och valideras genom en jämförelse med mätningar på en verklig maskin. De FEM-simulerade konstruktionerna visar överensstämmelse med de experimentella värden som erhållits från fysiska mätningar, även om material-identifieringsprocedurer utförs för att bedöma statorlamineringens magnetiska egenskaper. Resultaten som erhållits validerar storleksalgoritmen och de producerade konstruktioner gör det möjligt att producera ny information som saknades i litteraturen angående just denna maskintopologi.

Le mémoire traite de la machine à réluctance variable en proposant d'une manière simultanée et du point de vue conception des solutions à ses deux inconvénients majeurs à savoir les ondulations de couple et les efforts radiaux. Les premières se propagent le long de la chaine de transmission diminuant ainsi le confort des usagers et les deuxièmes sont à l’origine d’une nuisance sonore. Dans une première partie et en s’intéressant à une structure axiale caractérisée par une faible force radiale, un bilan sur cette structure est donc établi. En effet, une configuration à deux stators et un rotor est la plus adéquate pour éventuellement remplacer la machine radiale de référence. Cette structure axiale est comparée à cette machine de référence après avoir établi des règles de passage d’une structure à une autre. Un premier passage est effectué en gardant le même encombrement et un deuxième passage en dimensionnant la machine axiale pour satisfaire le même cahier des charges que la machine radiale. Dans une deuxième partie, le travail s’oriente vers la modification de la structure radiale de la machine de référence et son optimisation. Plusieurs modifications sont proposées dont une structure avec une cale magnétique qui est la plus performante. Des optimisations géométriques à l’aide de l’algorithme génétique sur un point de fonctionnement sont ensuite effectuées pour remédier aux deux problèmes. A la fin, un récapitulatif de plusieurs structures optimisées est proposé pour servir de référence. Le choix de la machine la plus adéquate pourra donc être effectué en faisant un compromis entre la maximisation du couple, la réduction de ses ondulations et la réduction des efforts radiaux. / This report deals with switched reluctance motor by offering design solutions to the drawbacks of torque ripples and radial forces in the same time. Torque ripples reduce the user comfort and radial forces are the origin of noise. In the first part, an axial structure characterized by low radial force is analysed. Indeed, an axial configuration with two stators and one rotor is the most appropriate to replace the reference radial machine. Ones the rules of passage from one structure to another are established, the axial structure is then compared to the reference one. A first passage is made by keeping the same volume and a second one by sizing the axial machine with the same specifications as the radial one. In the second part, the work concerns the modification of radial structure of the reference machine and its optimization. Several modifications are proposed including a structure with a magnetic wedge which is the most efficient. Geometric optimization using genetic algorithm are then performed on operating points to remedy the both problems. In the end, several optimized structures are proposed. The choice of the most suitable machine can be done by making a compromise between the torque maximization, reducing its ripples and reducing radial forces.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη και εξομοίωση μιας ανεμογεννήτριας αξονικής ροής μόνιμου μαγνήτη. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών της Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Σκοπός είναι η μελέτη μιας σύγχρονης ανεμογεννήτριας μόνιμων μαγνητών (PMSG), που θα παρέχει ισχύ 1kW, και θα πληρεί το κριτήριο του χαμηλού κόστους και των όσο το δυνατών μικρότερων διαστάσεων. Η ανεμογεννήτρια θα συνδέεται απευθείας με το δίκτυο χωρίς τη χρήση κιβώτιου ταχυτήτων. Όσον αφορά τις γεννήτριες μόνιμου μαγνήτη αξονικής ροής (AFPM), που μελετούνται ειδικά σε αυτή τη διπλωματική, τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει αναπτυχθεί έντονο επιστημονικό και κατασκευαστικό ενδιαφέρον σχετικά με τη βελτιστοποίηση των χαρακτηριστικών τους μεγεθών σε συνδυασμό με την υψηλή απόδοσή τους. Το κυριότερο χαρακτηριστικό αυτών των μηχανών είναι ότι η διέγερση προκαλείται από τους μαγνήτες που είναι τοποθετημένοι στο δρομέα, οι οποίοι με τη χρήση του υλικού NdFeB για την κατασκευή τους, έχουν προσφέρει αναβαθμισμένες δυνατότητες στην παραγωγή μαγνητικού πεδίου. Άλλο κύριο χαρακτηριστικό, είναι ότι οι μηχανές αυτές είναι ιδανικές για ανεμογεννήτριες που κινούνται με χαμηλό αριθμό ταχύτητας ανέμου και στροφών. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική έγινε μια μελέτη ώστε να μπορέσει να σχεδιαστεί μια τέτοια μηχανή (AFPM) που να συγκεντρώνει όσο το δυνατόν καλύτερες αναλογίες μεταξύ κόστους, μεγέθους και απλότητας κατασκευής. Η προσομοίωση της ανεμογεννήτριας ήταν το επόμενο βήμα για την επαλήθευση των θεωρητικών τιμών και την περαιτέρω μελέτη της μηχανής για την απόδοσή της, την επαγόμενη τάση και το μαγνητικό πεδίο που παράγει σε εν κενώ λειτουργία και σε λειτουργία υπό φορτίο. Για να γίνει αυτό, χρησιμοποιήθηκε το πρόγραμμα μοντελοποίησης ηλεκτρικών μηχανών της COBHAM, το οποίο καλείται Opera και πιο συγκεκριμένα η έκδοση R3 για τρισδιάστατη μοντελοποίηση μηχανών (3D Modeler). Το κεφάλαιο 1 πραγματεύεται εισαγωγικά ζητήματα σχετικά με τις ανεμογεννήτριες και τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά τους μεγέθη. Στο κεφάλαιο 2 γίνεται μια μελέτη σχετικά με το είδος της γεννήτριας καθώς και τα βασικά της στοιχεία. Στο κεφάλαιο 3 γίνεται αναλυτικά ο σχεδιασμός της ανεμογεννήτριας αξονικής ροής μόνιμου μαγνήτη και ο υπολογισμός των μεγεθών της. Στο κεφάλαιο 4 περιγράφεται η διαδικασία του σχεδιασμού μηχανής με τη χρήση του προγράμματος opera. Στο κεφάλαιο 5 γίνεται εξομοίωση της μηχανής και παράθεση των αποτελεσμάτων που προκύπτουν. Η ανάλυση της μηχανής πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση δύο επιλυτών της Opera, αυτόν της μαγνητοστατικής ανάλυσης και αυτόν της ανάλυσης της στρεφόμενης μηχανής. / This thesis is focused on study, design and analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). This work was elaborated in the laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion, at the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in the University of Patras, Greece. The purpose of this specific thesis is to study and analyze a synchronous permanent magnet wind generator (PMSG), providing power 1kW to the grid. The main pursuit is to design a machine of low cost and, as small as possible, geometric characteristics. Moreover, a basic requirement is easy construction. For this purpose, the wind generator is legitimate to be direct-driven, without the existence of a gearbox. The permanent magnet axial flux generators, which are specifically studied in this thesis, have met a large attention over the last years for wind system- low speed applications. The main characteristic of these machines is that their stimulation is caused by the magnets that are mounted at the rotor discs. The latest use, in magnets, of neodymium material (symbolized as NdFeB) has provided upgraded possibilities in magnetic field amplification. Another main characteristic is that these machines are ideal for low speed wind applications. In this thesis, an extended study was elaborated in order to design such a generator, which concentrates as better as possible quota between cost, size and simplicity in construction. The simulation of the machine’s operation was the next step for the verification of the theoretical calculations, as well as for further study on the various parameters and optimization of the machine. The simulation was held in conditions of load and short circuit operation. In order to achieve this, a simulation program by COBHAM called Opera, was used. In chapter 1, there is a reference concerning basic issues of wind energy and wind turbines, as well as, the highlights of a wind turbine. In chapter 2, a research is being carried out, concerning the wind turbine topologies, as well as their basic features. In chapter 3, is presented, analytically, the theoretical dimensioning of the axial flux permanent magnet and the calculation of its features. In chapter 4, the procedure of the design of the generator is being presented by using the designing program Opera. In chapter 5, the simulation of the machine is performed as well as the presentation of the basic results of the analysis. For this purpose, were used two solvers of Opera, the magnetostatic analysis (TOSCA) and the rotating machine analysis (CARMEN).

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une thématique de recherche prioritaire développée par le laboratoire GREAH et portant sur l’optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique des systèmes de gestion et de production de l’énergie électrique. Dans ce cadre, les performances de convertisseurs d’énergie (machines électriques pour la conversion de l'énergie électromécanique) ont un impact déterminant sur l'efficacité énergétique de la conversion et sur la qualité de gestion de l'énergie électrique en termes de rendement, de maximisation de la puissance massique, de réduction des émissions, de réduction des coûts, ce qui nécessite, par conséquent, un effort particulier de conception et de dimensionnement. L’objectif principal de cette thèse vise à développer un modèle léger permettant d’exploiter assez rapidement l’espace des solutions potentiellement optimales dans la première phase de la conception des machines synchrones à aimants permanents. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire de thèse portent sur la modélisation électromagnétique pour le pré-dimensionnement et la conception des machines synchrones à aimants permanents intégrées dans l’éolien de fort puissance. Dans ce manuscrit, deux approches de modélisation des machines électriques ont été proposées. La modélisation par réseau de réluctances présentée consiste à découper le domaine d’étude en un certain nombre d’éléments volumiques dont chacun est décomposé en tubes de flux. La modélisation analytique hybride proposée est basée sur un couplage fort entre un réseau de réluctances généré à partir d’un maillage du domaine d’étude et une solution formelle des équations de Maxwell dans les régions de faible perméabilité (entrefer magnétique). Les résultats obtenus à partir de ces modèles sont validés par les résultats correspondants issus de la méthode des éléments finis. Pour montrer le gain obtenu en temps de calcul, les temps d’exécutions des codes de calcul sont comparés aux temps mis par le logiciel Flux. / This subject of the thesis is part of a priority research theme developed by the GREAH laboratory on the optimization of the energy efficiency of electrical energy management and production systems. In this context, the performance of energy converters (electrical machines for the conversion of electromechanical energy) have a decisive impact on the energy efficiency of the conversion and on the quality of electrical energy management in terms of efficiency, reduction of emissions, reduction of costs, which therefore requires a special effort to design. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a light model allowing to exploit fairly quickly the space of potentially optimal solutions in the first phase of machine design. The work presented in this thesis focuses on electromagnetic modeling for the pre-design of permanent magnets synchronous machines integrated into high power wind turbines. In this manuscript, two modeling approaches of electric machines have been proposed. The presented reluctance network modeling is generated from the mesh of studied domain as the finite element method. Reluctance elements are used for the mesh. The proposed hybrid analytical modeling is based on a strong coupling between a reluctances network generated from a mesh of the study domain and analytical models based on the formal solution of Maxwell’s equations in regions of low permeability (magnetic gap). This approach can help solve the problem of air-gap modeling in MEC method, and the consideration of the local magnetic saturation in modeling approaches involving analytical technique. The results obtained from these models are validated by the corresponding results from the finite element method and very good has been observed. To indicate the gain obtained in time, the execution times of the programs are compared to the times set by the Flux software.