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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A apropriaÃÃo do pensamento epistemolÃgico de Ernst Mach por Freud e Skinner. / The appropriation of epistemological thinking of Ernst Mach by Sigmund Freud and Burrhus Frederic Skinner.

Liana Rosa Elias 02 July 2012 (has links)
nÃo hà / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Trata-se aqui de esclarecer a apropriaÃÃo do pensamento epistemolÃgico de Ernst Mach (1838-1916) por Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) e Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990). SemelhanÃas e diferenÃas foram encontradas a este respeito, mediante o que Abib chamou de prÃ-texto em seu mÃtodo epistemolÃgico. As categorias machianas que serviram de anÃlise foram: (1) o monismo das sensaÃÃes; (2) o papel da subjetividade na ciÃncia; (3) delimitaÃÃo da ciÃncia e o modelo explicativo de Mach. Considerando o fundamento agnosticista que Freud conferiu à Metapsicologia, constatou-se que a apropriaÃÃo realizada por ele compreende como referentes, ora as relaÃÃes entre a ciÃncia e a filosofia, ora os limites da ciÃncia enquanto saber aberto e dinÃmico. Os referentes machianos em Skinner foram: a identificaÃÃo de relaÃÃes funcionais como modelo explicativo; a crÃtica ao mecanicismo; a adoÃÃo do monismo; objeto, objetivos e validade em ciÃncia e da mÃxima machiana descrever à explicar. A respeito da apropriaÃÃo aludida, foram encontradas as seguintes semelhanÃas entre Freud e Skinner: a concepÃÃo machiana de que a ciÃncia à uma atividade humana na busca pelo estabelecimento de relaÃÃes funcionais; o carÃter transitÃrio da explicaÃÃo cientÃfica; nenhuma relaÃÃo com o fenomenismo das sensaÃÃes. Quanto Ãs diferenÃas nas apropriaÃÃes, constatou-se que Skinner aderiu mais amplamente Ãs propostas de ciÃncia de Mach, enquanto Freud, considerando para alÃm desta, os modelos do fisicalismo e energetismo implicou o que Assoun chamou de realismo racionalista que aliava o fenomenismo machiano a um racionalismo operacional. Skinner manteve os princÃpios machianos da adequaÃÃo dos pensamentos aos fatos e o papel das hipÃteses, mas foi alÃm destes referentes; concebeu tambÃm a interpretaÃÃo como uma via de produÃÃo do conhecimento cientÃfico. Eis outra diferenÃa encontrada: Skinner estruturou sua lÃgica funcional e anti-metafÃsica referindo-se à crÃtica machiana ao mecanicismo; Freud considerou os argumentos do energetismo em detrimento da crÃtica machiana aludida. Constatou-se, finalmente, que, apesar de suas apropriaÃÃes quanto ao pensamento epistemolÃgico de Mach, Freud e Skinner tambÃm criaram concepÃÃes inÃditas em suas ciÃncias. / This attends to clarify the appropriation of epistemological thinking of Ernst Mach (1838-1916) by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990). Similarities and distinctions were found in this respect, by which Abib called pre-text in its epistemological method. The categories that served to machians analysis were: (1) monism of sensations, (2) the role of subjectivity in science, (3) definition of science and scientific explanation by Mach. Wheras the agnosticist foundation that Freud gave to Metapsychology, it was found the appropriation perteins sometimes to relationship between science and philosophy, sometimes to the boundaries of science as an dynamic and open knowledge. The Machâs referees in Skinner were: the functional relations in his scientific explanation, the criticism of the mechanical explanations, the adoption of a monism; and, the object, objectives and validity in science, beyond the adoption of Machâs descriptivism as an explanation in science. Regarding the appropriations alluded to, the following similarities were found between Freud and Skinner: Machianâs conception that science is a human activity in pursuit of functional relations, the transient character of scientific explanation, and no relation to the sensational phenomenism. Regarding differences in the appropriations, it was found that the Skinner alluded more widely to the Machâs proposes to science, while Freud, beyond this, considered models of physicalism and energetismo, what Assoun called rational realism; what combined a Machianâs phenomenalism and an operational rationalism. Skinner maintained the principles of adequacy of thoughts to facts and the role of hypotheses according to Mach, but were beyond; also conceived interpretation as a means of production of scientific knowledge. Hereâs another distinction founded: Skinner structured its theory on the functional relations model and the anti-metaphysical critique adopted by Mach, while Freud considers the arguments of the energestismâs critics. It was found, finally, that despite its appropriations on the Machâs epistemological view, both Freud and Skinner created novel concepts in their science.
2

增強理論在激勵管理上的應用

許道然, Xu, Dao-Ran Unknown Date (has links)
激勵管理有二大途徑,一為認知途徑,如需求理論、期望理論,著重個體內在認知的 過程。另一為行為途徑,即增強理論,係以施金納(B.F.Skinner)的操作制約為重□ 腄A認為人類的行為可經由外在環境的控制而加以改變,故主張從行為的後果來影響□ 甈陛C所謂﹁行為乃其後果的函數﹂即其中心論點。 本論文即在探討增強理論在激勵管理上的應用情形,除作理論的陳述之外,並輔以實 例說明,期能作更深入的瞭解。 第一章緒論。先就績效與激勵的關係作一分析,次說明本文之研究動機、目的以及研 究方法和限制。 第二章係探討激勵管理的二大途徑,並比較認知途徑和行為途徑的異同。取後則以增 強理論是種精確實用的管理技術,而突出其在激勵管理的地位。 第三章則從事基本概念的說明。包括增強物的意義及類型、增強的分配方式以及各種 控制策略的意涵。 第四章和第五章係著重在實際的應用。第四章說明增強理論的應用程序依次為行為的 鑑定,干涉策略的實施以及評估。第五章則以實例做為例證,敘述實施增強理論的實 際情形殳其成效。 第六章結論。分別就增強理論的限制、評價及其遠景作一總結性的說明。 本論文係以文獻研究法為主,故主要困難在於資料的蒐集和閱讀。疏漏和謬誤,尚祈 指正。

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