"People of Hà Nội in the Bao Cấp Era: Everyday Life Under Vietnamese Socialist Rule, 1954-1986" explores the lived experiences of Hà Nội residents during the socialist era, also known as the Bao Cấp era. This thesis argues that life in Hà Nội under the central planning system - the bao cấp system - was a mix of negative and positive experiences, filled with paradoxes and unpredictable changes. Drawing on personal accounts and Vietnamese official publications, it investigates Hà Nội residents' shifting social realities, material conditions, and cultural practices. It suggests that how the residents navigated their realities were informed by, and simultaneously, informing the bao cấp system and larger ideological, political conditions. The thesis challenges conventional narratives and assumptions about socialism. It contributes to the history of Việt Nam and to the history of global socialist experiences.

Manqala games are played in large parts of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, South-America and some parts of Europe. Bao is the variation which is found on the East African coast, and only in the Swahili speaking areas. Ways of playing Bao though differ along the coast, and de Voogt focused his research on the sophisticated variant of Zanzibar. The author deals with this Zanzibar variation of Bao in analogy to chess. The first aim of his research project was to find out what distinguishes a master of Bao from an ordinary player. Psychological methods, derived from the study of chess playing are his main methodological instruments, which make the book a remarkable study in the psychology of players, and the role of memory and calculation. His second aim is to introduce Bao to the field of computer games, comparable to computer-based chess.

Le télescope LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) fait partie de la nouvelle générationd'instruments optiques ayant pour objectif la réalisation d'une cartographie complète de l'Univers.Son champ de vue, à la fois large et profond, va conduire à l'observation de milliards d'objets, encouvrant la moitié du ciel dans six bandes photométriques. Les données issues des observationsde LSST vont notamment permettre de contraindre les paramètres d'énergie noire avec uneprécision dix fois meilleure que les contraintes actuelles. Quatre des différentes sondes observationnellessensibles au contenu énergétique de l'Univers seront accessible à LSST : les supernovaede type Ia, les amas de galaxies, les lentilles gravitationnelles et les oscillations acoustiques debaryons (BAO). La combinaison de ces sondes devrait permettre de différencier les différentsmodèles théoriques décrivant l'énergie noire. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet LSSTet présente à la fois un aspect instrumental et une étude phénoménologique. Dans un premiertemps, le travail concernant le développement d'un banc d'étalonnage optique pour la camérasera présenté. Les mesures alors effectuées ont conduit à l'établissement du design canal de lasource de lumière. Le banc d'étalonnage va ainsi permettre une mesure précise de la réponsedu plan focal de la caméra dans les longueurs d'ondes associées aux six filtres de LSST. Nousprésenterons ensuite une chaine d'analyse complète dont l'objectif est d'estimer la précision aveclaquelle il sera possible de mesurer l'échelle caractéristiques des BAOs à partir des données deLSST. Dans ce but un catalogue de galaxies a été simulé à partir d'une cosmologie CDM.L'utilisation d'une méthode de template tting, combinée à différents tests statistiques a permisl'obtention de redshifts photométriques (photo-z) de bonne qualité, respectant les spécificationsLSST. Une étude portant sur l'impact de la transmission des filtres a permis l'optimisation deleur bande-passante et a montré l'importance de leur étalonnage. Enfin l'échelle caractéristiquedes BAO a été estimé en tenant compte des erreurs photo-z, validant l'ensemble de la chaine desimulation. / The LSST telescope (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) is part of the new generation of opticalinstruments whose aim is to achieve a complete map of the Universe. With its wide and largefield of view, it will observed billions of galaxies, in six optical photometric bands. allowing thestudy of many scientifcc subjects. In particular, LSST data will accurately measure Dark Energyparameters through four distinct probes: supernovae, week lensing, clusters and Baryon AcousticOscillations (BAO). The combination of those different probes should allowed the discriminationbetween theoretical models describing the dark energy. This thesis is part of the development ofthe LSST project and presents both an instrumental and a phenomenological study. First, thework concerning the development of the optical calibration bench for LSST's camera is presented.The measurements then performed led to the establishment of the light source final design.The calibration bench will thus allow measurement of the camera focal plan response withinthe six wavelength corresponding to LSST filters. We then present a complete analysis chainwhose objective is to estimate the accuracy with which the characteristics BAOs scale should bemeasured considering LSST simulated data. With this aim,a galaxy catalog were simulate froma CDM cosmology. An enhanced template setting method has been developed, combined withstatistical tests, it allowed a significant improvement of the photo-z reconstruction quality up,in agreement with LSST requirements. A study of the impact of the filterslters transmission curvesallowed the optimization of their bandwidth and showed the importance of their calibration.Finally the BAOs scale was estimated taking into account the photo-z errors, compelling thewhole simulation.

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 405-407). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 生平 / Chapter 第一節 --- 詩人的時代 --- p.1-26 / Chapter 第二節 --- 詩人的里籍和生年 --- p.27-49 / Chapter 第三節 --- 詩人的仕履 --- p.50-78 / Chapter 第四節 --- 詩人的家境 --- p.79-101 / Chapter 第一章 --- 附錄 鮑照年譜簡編 --- p.102-153 / Chapter 第二章 --- 成就 --- p.154-156 / Chapter 第一節 --- 取法前人 --- p.157-186 / Chapter 第二節 --- 取法時人 --- p.187-216 / Chapter 第三節 --- 詩人的藝術成果及影響 --- p.217-291 / Chapter 第三章 --- 詩人重要作品專論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 擬行路難的有關問題 --- p.292-315 / Chapter 第二節 --- 蕪城賦及辭賦述要 --- p.316-357 / Chapter 第四章 --- 研究詩人作品著錄 / Chapter 第一節 --- 歷代集評 --- p.358-394 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究詩人及其作品書刊文章著錄 --- p.395-404 / 附錄 / 主要參考書目 --- p.405-407

Neste trabalho, procurei construir um ajuste fenomenológico que descrevesse o comportamento das oscilações acústicas de bárions (BAO) no espectro de potência da temperatura de brilho da linha de 21cm do átomo de hidrogênio neutro, na aproximação de Limber. O ajuste obtido demonstrou ser capaz de descrever o comportamento oscilatório do BAO nas faixas de redshift analisados, que foram de 0.127 à 0.479. Quando combinado com dados de supernova, restrições nos parâmetros cosmológicos tiveram resultados mais precisos. Contudo, restrições incluindo a medida do valor local da constante de Hubble piora os dados, devido a grandes divergências nos valores da constante de Hubble. / In this work, I searched for a phenomenological fit that describes the behavior of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) in the angular power spectrum of brightness temperature of the 21cm line from the neutral hydrogen atom, under Limbers approximation. The fit obtained has shown to be capable of describe the oscillatory behaviour of the BAO in the redshift bands analyzed, that lies in the range from 0.127 to 0.479. When combined with supernova data, the constraints in the cosmological parameters produced more precise results. However, constraints including measuring the local value of the Hubble. constant worsen the data, due to great divergences in the values of the Hubble constant.

In the past three decades, the Chinese news media has experienced great leaps from a propaganda machine to market-oriented industry. Although the state has managed to strengthen the information control, heterogeneity in journalistic value orientations has constructed different media discourses. This thesis discusses the diversity within different news organizations in China, and the influence of state-media dynamics on the quality and role of journalism. Previous literature in the area of media-power relations fQ us on the general landscape of Chinese media shaped by the three forces: the state, the market and the professionalism while neglecting individual cases which contribute for the complexity of the intertwined mechanisms. Supported by the sociological theory of news production and concepts from international relations, this study uses a micro approach to examine the process of international news making in two newspapers. The arguments in this study are based on in-depth interviews with 25 journalists, participant observation, and textual analyses of news reports on Libya Crisis. This study has three major findings. Firstly, the intricate power relations of social forces within China's social context produces much space, as well as obstacles, for the professional practice of journalism. The liberal newspapers keep challenging the state and pushing the boundary of media autonomy while the party organs still serve for maintaining CCP's legitimacy but package the "old wine" in a new way. Secondly, the old Chinese ideology dominated by official communism has been broken up by the emergence of neo-conservatism, old and new-leftism, liberalism and other intellectual discourses which influence the government's decision-making on domestic and international issues. Accordingly, international news reports in newspapers with various interests are manifestations of the divides. Thirdly, the different value preference of newspapers decides the media behaviors. Some choose to speak for the party and help maintain existing social order, while some others serve for public interests. Although both of them practice self-censorship, the former enjoy commercial benefits from seeking refuge from the authority and the latter promote social development by using tactics in news reports. The discrepancy creates space for diversified discourses that added to the complexity of power structures in Chinese media.

Neste trabalho, procurei construir um ajuste fenomenológico que descrevesse o comportamento das oscilações acústicas de bárions (BAO) no espectro de potência da temperatura de brilho da linha de 21cm do átomo de hidrogênio neutro, na aproximação de Limber. O ajuste obtido demonstrou ser capaz de descrever o comportamento oscilatório do BAO nas faixas de redshift analisados, que foram de 0.127 à 0.479. Quando combinado com dados de supernova, restrições nos parâmetros cosmológicos tiveram resultados mais precisos. Contudo, restrições incluindo a medida do valor local da constante de Hubble piora os dados, devido a grandes divergências nos valores da constante de Hubble. / In this work, I searched for a phenomenological fit that describes the behavior of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) in the angular power spectrum of brightness temperature of the 21cm line from the neutral hydrogen atom, under Limbers approximation. The fit obtained has shown to be capable of describe the oscillatory behaviour of the BAO in the redshift bands analyzed, that lies in the range from 0.127 to 0.479. When combined with supernova data, the constraints in the cosmological parameters produced more precise results. However, constraints including measuring the local value of the Hubble. constant worsen the data, due to great divergences in the values of the Hubble constant.

Le Sou shen ji搜神記est l’œuvre la plus représentative et influente du genre zhiguai志怪, sa valeur historique et artistique est incomparable par rapport aux autres œuvres pareilles. Son auteur Gan Bao幹寶est un historien et lettré très réputé sous la Dynastie Dong Jin. Parmi ses nombreuses œuvres historiques et littéraires, c’est le Sou shen ji qui a connu le plus grand succès. Cette œuvre recueille autour de quatre cent soixante-quatre récits indépendants l’un de l’autre, et dont les sujets sont d’une variété considérable, reflétant dans une certaine mesure la mentalité et les croyances des Chinois de l’époque. Dans notre thèse nous avons fait des recherches sur cette œuvre dans une perspective sémiotique, employant la théorie sémiotique de Greimas. Dans la partie discursive, nous avons fait des analyses discursives et culturelles autour de la conception chinoise du shen et à partir de quatre catégories : les dieux dotés d’une fonction (shen神), les immortels (xian仙), les revenants (gui鬼), et les yaoguai妖怪, pour dessiner une image plus claire du « shen » pour les Chinois. Nous voyons que la conception du shen dans la culture chinoise, se trouvant au carrefour de la religion, de la politique, et de l’éthique, n’est pas un concept défini sur le plan théologique et transcendantale. Dans la partie narrative, nous nous concentrons sur les traits narratifs des récits fantastiques du Sou shen ji, en essayant en même temps, de construire un modèle narratif plus applicable à ces récits et à la description d’une relation intersubjective. / Sou shen ji is the most representative and influential work of the zhiguai genre, its historic and artistic value is unmatchable, compaired with other works of the same genre. The author, Gan Bao, is a very famous historian and scholar in Dong Jin dynasty. Among his numerous historical and literary works, it is Sou shen ji, who has had the biggest success. This work collects around four hundred and sixty-four stories independent one from each other, and the subjects are also very various, reflecting to some extent the mentality and the beliefs of the Chinese of the time. In this thesis, we have studied this work in a semiotic perspective, using the semiotic theory of Greimas. In the discursive part, we have done some analyses, from a discoursive and a cultural point of view, of the chinese conception of shen, from four categories : the gods who have a function (shen神), the immortals (xian仙), the ghosts (gui鬼), and the yaoguai妖怪, in order to draw a clearer picture of the conception of shen to the chinese. We can see that in the chinese culture, the conception of shen, located at the intersection of the religion, the politics, and the ethics, is not a concept defined in theological and transcendental termes. In the narrative part, we focus on the narrative features of the stories in Sou shen ji, and at the same time, we also try to build a narrative model which is more applicable to these stories and to the description of the intersubjective relationship.

Manqala games are played in large parts of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, South-America and some parts of Europe. Bao is the variation which is found on the East African coast, and only in the Swahili speaking areas. Ways of playing Bao though differ along the coast, and de Voogt focused his research on the sophisticated variant of Zanzibar. The author deals with this Zanzibar variation of Bao in analogy to chess. The first aim of his research project was to find out what distinguishes a master of Bao from an ordinary player. Psychological methods, derived from the study of chess playing are his main methodological instruments, which make the book a remarkable study in the psychology of players, and the role of memory and calculation. His second aim is to introduce Bao to the field of computer games, comparable to computer-based chess.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese e a caracterização de pós e filmes finos da fase ß-BaB2O4 (ß-BBO) a partir do sistema temário BaO-B2O3-TiO2. A preparação destas amostras foi baseada na utilização de dois métodos de síntese: o método dos precursores poliméricos e o método de deposição por evaporação utilizando um feixe de elétrons. O estudo das amostras na forma de pós mostrou que a adição de TiO2 ao sistema BaO-B2O3 acelera o processo de decomposição térmica e reduz a temperatura de cristalização e de fusão da fase ß-BBO. No que concerne a obtenção da fase ß-BBO, a composição mais adequada é a que contém 4% de TiO2 e cristalizada a 700°C durante 2 horas. As propriedades estruturais, microestruturais e ópticas dos filmes também foram influenciadas pela quantidade de TiO2. Os filmes finos contendo 4% de TiO2 e cristalizados a 650°C apresentam somente a fase ß-BBO com um alto grau de orientação preferencial quando depositados sobre substratos de quartzo amorfo, silício e quartzo monocristalinos. Filmes finos cristalinos depositados pelo método de evaporação por feixe de elétrons contendo a fase ß-BBO somente foram obtidos \"in-situ\" quando os substratos foram aquecidos a 650°C. Os filmes cristalinos obtidos por ambos os métodos apresentaram o efeito de geração de segundo harmônico (\"SHG\"). / The main objective of this work was the synthesis and the characterization of the ß-BaB2O4 (ß-BBO) phase in a powder and thin film form from the BaO-B2O3-TiO2 ternary system. The powder and thin film samples were obtained using two different methods, the polymeric precursor method and the electron beam evaporation method. The study of the powder samples showed that the addition of titanium oxide to the BaO-B2O3 system accelerate the decomposition process, reduces the crystallization temperature and the ß-BBO melting point. The ß-BBO phase was obtained as the main phase for the sample containing 4% of titanium and heat-treated at 700°C for 2h. Structural, microstructural and optical properties of the thin films were also influenced by addition of TiO2. Thin films with 4% of TiO2 and crystallized at 650°C shown only ß-BBO phase with a higher degree of preferred orientation when coated on fused silica, silicon and quartz substrates. The microstructural and the optical properties of these thin films were affected by the type of the substrate and by crystallization temperature and by the heating rate. For the thin film deposited by electron beam evaporation the crystallization of ß-BBO phase \"in-situ\" was only possible when the substrates was heated at 650°C during the deposition. Thin films prepared by both methods presents the effect of Second Harmonic Generation (SHG).