Submitted thesis tries to show importance and irreplaceable space in communicatin at present. It also deals with the need for communication in the basic cell of society - the family. It speaks about the importance and need for mutual communication and the correct listening in families. It deals with the causes of matrimonial crisis and consequences of cinflicts in the family. It speaks about communication differences between man and woman, communication barrires, which causes problems in families and it also speaks about developing sequences of family problems. Similarly, it pays attention to ethics perspective on communication problem in the family. It seeks possibilities for common solutions to these problems, highlighting ethics and communication as the ways of conflict prevention. Still, there are only the rules for proper management of communication and interpersonal problem solving. The purpose of this work is to contribute to understanding the process of communication in the family and realize the need for greater accountability in approach to issues of interpersonal communication.

A dissertation presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Educationis in the Faculty of Education at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2013 / This study explores the experiences and perceptions of students enrolled in an inclusive Further Education and Training College in South Africa. A qualitative, phenomenological design using interviews was found to be the most suitable approach to data production that would allow for the examination of feelings and perceptions around students’ inclusion. The guiding questions for the study were: 1. What are the day-to-day experiences and expectations of students enrolled at one Further Education and Training college in the Western Cape? 2. What feelings and perceptions are generated by these experiences and expectations? The data was analysed using a constant comparative method of analysis in order to accentuate the meanings that student experiences held for them. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecosystemic Theory has been used to describe the way different systems and structures influence the development of students. Through Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, students’ needs are examined, revealing what their perceptions of inclusion are. The findings have indicated that while institutional intentions might express details of what is deemed to be inclusive, students’ experiences and voices are often not taken into consideration, with the result that full inclusion is not achieved.

Nas últimas décadas, muitos países têm visto o uso automotivo de biocombustíveis como uma contribuição para soluções importantes, como aumento da eficiência energética, da flexibilidade e da diversificação das fontes de energia disponíveis; resposta à questão de segurança energética; promoção do uso de fontes energéticas renováveis e menos agressivas ao meio ambiente, especialmente com relação à necessidade de redução dos Gases de Efeito Estufa e aproveitamento das vantagens comparativas do país, com a promoção do desenvolvimento e da exportação de novas tecnologias e produtos. O Brasil é pioneiro na produção e utilização do etanol e, aliando-se ao aquecimento do mercado interno, existe a expectativa de aumento das exportações desse combustível, mantendo o Brasil como líder no mercado internacional. Este trabalho identifica e analisa os entraves que envolvem as perspectivas de exportação de etanol brasileiro, através do estudo dos potenciais mercados, seus programas de utilização do etanol combustível e suas barreiras tarifárias e não tarifárias, como as medidas protecionistas contra produtos estrangeiros, os subsídios aos produtores domésticos e as certificações, que podem retardar o estabelecimento do etanol como commodity e, ainda, impedir o seu crescimento no comércio internacional. / In recent decades, many countries have seen the use of biofuels in light vehicles as a contribution to important steps: to increase energy efficiency and the flexibility and diversification of available energy resources; to respond to the challenge of energy security; to promote the use of renewable and less environmentally harmful energy resources, especially with regard to the need to reduce GHG emissions and exploit the countrys comparative advantages; and to promote the development and export of new technologies and products. Brazil is a pioneer in the production and use of ethanol, and in addition to the expansion of its domestic market for this fuel, exports are expected to rise, so that Brazil will retain its leading position in the international market. This study identifies and analyzes future challenges to Brazilian ethanol exports by studying potential markets, their fuel ethanol programs, their tariff and non-tariff barriers, their protectionist measures against foreign products, their subsidies for domestic producers, and their certifications, which may delay the consolidation of ethanol as a commodity and impede its growth in international trade.

Of the 36 diurnal raptor species in North America, 31 (~86%) are either complete or partial migrants. During fall and spring, raptors use "leading lines" or topographic features, such as mountain ranges, rivers, and coastlines that help guide them during their migration, and sometimes are redirected by diversion lines, or barriers that they are hesitant to cross (e.g., large bodies of water). Our objective was to assess the use of mountain ranges and rivers in central and southeastern Arizona by migrating raptors and to determine physical and ecological factors that are important to raptor migration across the United States. We counted migrating raptors in the spring and fall for two years at ten paired count stations in central and southeastern Arizona. Arizona counts were incorporated with counts from across the United States to determine physical and ecological features that influence migration rates. Raptor counts for central and southeastern Arizona averaged 2.0 raptors/hour, and were similar to what is observed at most other counting stations in the Central and Pacific Flyways. Stepwise regression models for the United States indicated counts were negatively related to distance from a diversion barrier and positively related to continuity of elevation. Understanding the factors that influence migrating raptors will inform decisions about environmental modifications and their potential influence on raptor populations. The following appendices are written and formatted to be submitted to journals. Although part of a thesis, they are written in plural to reflect the necessary authorship for journal submission. The first appendix, titled "Assessment of raptor migration corridors in central and southeastern Arizona", will be submitted to the Southwestern Naturalist. The second appendix, title "Assessment of raptor migration corridors in the United States", will be submitted to the Journal of Raptor Research.

Advance care planning (ACP) is a process of discussing the patient’s wishes and preferences for future health care. ACP allows for the patient to retain their autonomy and involves informing the patient about their illness, prognosis, and their health care options. Despite the known advantages of completion of ACP forms, ACP discussions are minimal during primary care visits. The purpose of this DNP project was to identify primary care providers (PCP) beliefs and attitudes regarding barriers to addressing ACP with patients with a chronic illness in the primary care setting at one family practice clinic in Tucson, Arizona, and to determine if providing educational information will increase the PCPs intent to address ACP within clinical practice. A pre-survey, educational handout, and post-survey containing Likert-type scale questions and one ranking format question was created and sent via email to potential participants within the family practice clinic. The pre-survey requested demographic characteristics, and both the pre and post surveys assessed the PCPs beliefs and attitudes towards barriers to addressing ACP. 42 potential PCPs were asked to participate in the online surveys, eight (19%) completed the pre-survey, and four (9.5%) completed the post-survey. The data obtain from the surveys indicate lack of time, discomfort with the subject, and communication barriers as the most frequently reported perceived barriers to addressing ACP in the primary care setting. The results from this project can be used to understand PCPs beliefs and attitudes towards addressing ACP in the primary care setting and how this can affect future care of the patient when a serious illness occurs.

This research was undertaken to identify the barriers facing youth entrepreneurs who work in or aspire to work in the tourism sector. The study was motivated by the need for innovative business support models to facilitate youth to take up opportunities in the tourism sector which is experiencing high growth according to research surveyed. The research was conducted in South Africa by means of telephonic interviews with five existing tourism entrepreneurs and surveys self‐administered by 122 students enrolled in tourism and hospitality courses in three institutions in Gauteng. The resulting findings indicated that the tourism and hospitality sector is attractive due to many opportunities available for jobs and business. The majority of the respondents indicated that they would be keen to open businesses in the sector. The lack of capital and funding, and lack of experience were mentioned as the top two barriers to tourism entrepreneurship. The results also highlight a difference in the perception of barriers between the existing and prospective entrepreneurs. Recommendations are provided to promote entry of more young entrepreneurs into the sector through youth‐specific entrepreneurship support initiatives, entrepreneurship education in tourism and hospitality education and training. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

While there is extensive research on medical doctors and their mental health, little is known about the specific barriers which prevent them from accessing psychological services. Numerous studies have shown that rather than asking for help from other professionals such as counselling psychologists and therapists, doctors would rather turn to drugs and alcohol to cope with their psychological distress. Junior Doctors (JDs) specifically are at particular risk of mental ill-health but feel prevented by their profession from seeking psychological treatment. Little research has been conducted on this particular subject area focusing specifically on JDs. This study readdresses the empirical evidence available for the issue and informs more clearly how counselling psychology and related professions can provide a more effective service to this client group. A constructivist grounded theory approach using eight participants allowed for a detailed examination of the participants’ subjective experiences of the research phenomenon and the generation of new theory on the barriers which prevent JDs from accessing psychological help. Of the eight participants, seven were from an Asian background and one was of Caucasian origin. Further, seven were male with the remaining one participant being female. A core category was uncovered from the analysis of the data which apply to the research participants: psychosocial barriers to accessing psychological services by JDs. This core category was informed by three main themes: 1) medical identity 2) the development of coping strategies in the British medical culture, and 3) the unacceptability of difference. This core category and its themes make up the grounded theory of the research. In light of the findings it may be suitable to adapt the usual process of therapy and negotiate a more appropriate method of delivering psychological support to reduce barriers and to promote credibility and effectiveness of counselling psychology among this client group.

There is a tremendous discrepancy between the number of people likely meeting criteria for a mental disorder or substance dependence in Canada and the number of people actually receiving mental health or substance dependence treatment. Thus, it is important to examine what facilitates entrance into the mental health care system and what prevents people from receiving the treatment they need. Mixed findings exist as to whether socioeconomic status (SES) and other social determinants of health play a role in receiving treatment in Canada. However, due to several methodological issues with previous studies that have examined this issue, three studies were designed to re-examine and add to the literature in this area by investigating: (1) whether SES (i.e., income and education) and other social determinants as well as psychological distress predict the number of services received by any professional for any mental disorder or substance dependence, as well as predict overall satisfaction with the services received (2) the psychometric validity and reliability of the 3-factor model proposed by Statistics Canada to measure barriers due to accessibility, acceptability and availability, and (3) whether SES, other social determinants and psychological distress predict specific barriers to receiving mental health treatment for an unmet need. All data were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey, cycle 1.2, Mental Health and Wellbeing. In Study 1, the SES/social determinants model predicted the number of services received for both medication and psychotherapy. Out-of-pocket spending, was the strongest predictor of the number of consultations from any provider, however it was also inversely related to overall satisfaction with services. Higher levels of distress predicted greater dissatisfaction with services received. Study 2 revealed that the three factor model of accessibility, acceptability and availability was invalid and unreliable as a measure of barriers to mental health services. It is, therefore, recommended that each specific barrier be treated as an independent causal indicator of an index measuring overall accessibility to mental health services. Finally, in Study 3, when examining each barrier independently, both education and income played important roles in recognizing there was a problem, seeking services, and actually accessing the services needed. Other social determinants also played important roles which differed depending on the type of barrier being examined. The results of the three dissertation studies indicate a clear relation between SES, other social determinants and psychological distress, and accessibility and barriers to mental health services in Canada for those suffering any mental disorder or issue related to substance dependence. The findings have significant implications in terms of potential policy implications, recommendations for the design of future national level surveys, and recommendations for future research on this topic.

This thesis deals with the modern development method, heutagogy. Heutagogy can also be described as self-dtermined learning or learning based on inner motivation. The idea of heutagogy was first published by Stewart Hase and Chris Kenyon in 2000. The thesis deals with the current situation in the market of corporate education in the Czech Republic, analyzes the use of heutagogical principles among the suppliers of corporate education in the Czech Republic and defines key barriers that limits use of this approach in the Czech Republic. Therefore qualitative research among the top suppliers of the corporate education was done.

The investigation described in this thesis is aimed at determining the effect of heated air flow on the behaviour of capillary barriers. In order to achieve the objectives of this investigation, a number of tasks were undertaken, as described hereinafter. First, a laboratory scale testing was carried out to determine the effect of heated air flow on the volumetric water content (VWC) and matric suction in a layer of soil representing the coarse grained soil layer of a capillary barrier. Several types of instruments were used to measure the VWC, matric suction, and temperature at different locations within the soil. Next, a numerical analysis was undertaken to simulate the behaviour of the soil mass subjected to thermal changes in the laboratory experiments. Lastly, two case studies were analyzed with and without the heated air flow in the coarse grained soil layer to validate the proposed model. The method used in this investigation was based on: (1) application of temperature change at the perimeters of the pipes installed in the coarse grained soil layer near the interface between the fine grained and coarse grained soil layers; and, (2) application of suction as a boundary condition at the perforated parts of the pipes to decrease VWC and increase matric suction in the soil mass. Using this specific method, the results of the finite element analyses of the laboratory experiments and the two case studies demonstrated that the heated air flow through the coarse grained soil layer of a capillary barrier would improve its performance as a soil cover for a number of engineering applications. Comparisons of measured and calculated values of VWC and matric suction showed good agreement providing further proof of the validity of the method.