Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_roberta_manica_berto.pdf: 866773 bytes, checksum: 77b68d08049e2aeeb9a5cbf63623b995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-19 / Quince shows high genetic variability regarding plant vigor, productivity, flowering, fruit quality. In order to characterize the differences among cultivars, considering the phenological characteristics of the tree, the physicochemical and phytochemical compounds of in natura fruits, this study aimed to describe the phenological stages of the quince and evaluate 21 quince cultivars regards to physicochemical and phytochemical properties. The established phenological scale according BBCH scale for the twenty one cultivars of C. oblonga contains eight stages of development. The stages observed were: 0 - bud development; 1 - Development of the leaves, 3 - Development of shoots, 5 - Emergence of the inflorescence, 6 - Flowering; 7 Development of fruits; 8 - ripening of fruits, 9 - Senescence. The cultivars Champion, Kiakami and Portugal show a different physical-chemical profile whether compared to the others. While the cultivars Zuquerinetta, D'Angers, Prolonged, Orange, Bereckzy, Smyrna, Mendoza Inta-37 have a very similar phytochemical profile. Carotenoid and phenol contents are higher in the peel than the pulp, resulting in a higher antioxidant capacity of the shell. / O marmeleiro apresenta alta variabilidade genética, quanto ao vigor da planta, produtividade, florescimento e qualidade de fruto. Tendo em vista a necessidade de caracterizar diferenças entre cultivares, considerando as características fenológicas da planta, a composição físico-química e fitoquímica dos frutos na forma in natura, esse trabalho teve como objetivo descrever as fases fenológicas do marmeleiro e avaliar 21 cultivares de marmelo quanto às propriedades físico-químicas e fitoquímicas. A escala fenológica estabelecida, de acordo com a escala BBCH, para as 21 cultivares de C. oblonga contém oito estádios de desenvolvimento. Os estádios principais observados foram: 0 Desenvolvimento da gema; 1 Desenvolvimento das folhas; 3 Desenvolvimento dos brotos; 5 Emergência da inflorescência; 6 Florescimento; 7 Desenvolvimento dos frutos; 8 Maturação dos frutos; 9 Senescência. As cultivares Champion, Kiakomi e Portugal apresentam perfil físico-químico diferenciado das demais. Enquanto que as cultivares Zuquerinetta, D‟Angers, Alongado, Alaranjado, Bereckzy, Smyrna, Mendonza Inta-37 apresentam um perfil fitoquímico muito semelhante. Os teores de carotenóides e fenóis são maiores na casca do que na polpa, resultando numa maior capacidade antioxidante da casca.

Les associations symbiotiques Epichloë- graminées fourragères les plus étudiées concernent le ray grass anglais (Lolium perenne) avec Epichloë festucae var. lolii et la fétuque élevée (L. arundinaceum) avec E. coenophiala. Ces champignons peuvent synthétiser des alcaloïdes toxiques pour le bétail tels que l’ergovaline et le lolitrème B. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à explorer les facteurs en lien avec la production de mycotoxines dans les graminées. Pour cela différentes études ont été conduites sur la fétuque et le ray grass afin de révéler i) la présence de souches endophytées toxinogènes dans le Sud Ouest de la France et ii) l’influence des conditions climatiques françaises sur la synthèse d’ergovaline et de lolitrème B dans des variétés fourragères connues pour être responsables de cas de toxicité sur d’autres continents. / The most studied symbiotic associations Epichloë- cool seasons grasses concern perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with Epichloë festucae var. lolii and tall fescue (L. arundinaceum) with E. coenophiala. These fungi can synthesize alkaloids that could be toxic to livestock such as ergovaline and lolitrem B. My thesis work was to explore the factors related to the production of mycotoxins in grasses. Different studies have been conducted on tall fescue and perennial ryegrass to reveal i) the presence of endophyte-infected toxigenic strains in the South West of France and ii) the influence of environmental conditions of Saint-Affrique (Aveyron) on the synthesis of ergovaline and lolitrem B in forage varieties known to be responsible for toxicity on other continents.