Since the beginning of farming, and even before, humans have been actively modifying our environment in order to harvest biomass. With the ‘Great Acceleration’ of the industrial age, the global system of biomass harvest for food production has become a major driver of Earth system processes, and caused multi-dimensional sustainability issues which must be addressed in order to meet continued increases in demand for food and other biomass. In addition, bioenergy generation, with the subsequent storage of some or all of the carbon content of the feedstock (known as bioenergy with carbon storage or BECS), is now seen as an important tool for rebalancing the carbon cycle. This thesis has used a biomass flows modelling approach to examine possible trajectories for the socio-ecological metabolism of humanity, with a focus on fluxes of carbon contained in biomass. This approach connects social and economic drivers of biomass harvest with physical Earth systems processes such as the global carbon cycle. Meeting growing food demand in the years 2000-2050 is likely to be a significant challenge in its own right, necessitating the harvest of over 30% of terrestrial biomass. This can only be done without significant damage to natural ecosystems if large increases in efficiency and intensity of food production are achieved, or diets are altered. The production of livestock products is shown to be a major cause of inefficiency in biomass harvest, and changes to livestock demand or production are particularly powerful in ensuring a less damaging relationship with Earth system processes. If increases in efficiency are achieved, it may be possible to grow dedicated bioenergy crops, which, combined with the biomass available in waste and residue streams can be used to generate significant carbon dioxide removal (CDR) fluxes via BECS. Following this strategy it is possible to have a non-trivial effect on atmospheric CO2 concentration by 2050. Increasing the intensity of biomass harvest, particularly when low intensity pasture is replaced with intense bioenergy cropping, also has significant implications for ecological energy flows, and the potential trade-off between protecting biodiversity and growing bioenergy crops to mitigate climate change is also discussed. This body of work presents several interesting areas of potential conflict in different drivers of biomass harvest, and suggestions are made for ways in which to develop the approach in order to explore them.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jhonny Juliani.pdf: 1460943 bytes, checksum: 747bf60afa6a6899d8ccee042a640385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to understand the goals of the lay members of two BECs - Basic Ecclesial Communities - between 1980 and 2010. For this purpose, initially, following the epistemological orientation of Max Weber, values that guide social action of these members were analyzed. Then, we tried to identify the objectives of lay people through the interpretation of the documents produced by interchurch meetings of BECs. Finally, we conducted a field survey in two communities: Maria Mãe dos Migrantes and São José Operário. The research has inferred that there were significant changes in the values and purposes of the social actions of lay members over the past three decades / Este estudo procurou apreender os objetivos dos membros leigos de duas CEBs - Comunidades Eclesiais de Base - entre os anos de 1980 e 2010. Para tanto, inicialmente, seguindo a orientação epistemológica de Max Weber, foram analisados os valores que orientam a ação social desses membros. Em seguida, procurou-se identificar os objetivos dos leigos por meio da interpretação dos documentos produzidos pelos Encontros Intereclesiais de CEBs. Por fim, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em duas comunidades: Maria Mãe dos Migrantes e São José Operário. A pesquisa inferiu que ocorreram significativas mudanças nos valores e nos fins das ações sociais dos membros leigos ao longo das últimas três décadas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jhonny Juliani.pdf: 1460943 bytes, checksum: 747bf60afa6a6899d8ccee042a640385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to understand the goals of the lay members of two BECs - Basic Ecclesial Communities - between 1980 and 2010. For this purpose, initially, following the epistemological orientation of Max Weber, values that guide social action of these members were analyzed. Then, we tried to identify the objectives of lay people through the interpretation of the documents produced by interchurch meetings of BECs. Finally, we conducted a field survey in two communities: Maria Mãe dos Migrantes and São José Operário. The research has inferred that there were significant changes in the values and purposes of the social actions of lay members over the past three decades / Este estudo procurou apreender os objetivos dos membros leigos de duas CEBs - Comunidades Eclesiais de Base - entre os anos de 1980 e 2010. Para tanto, inicialmente, seguindo a orientação epistemológica de Max Weber, foram analisados os valores que orientam a ação social desses membros. Em seguida, procurou-se identificar os objetivos dos leigos por meio da interpretação dos documentos produzidos pelos Encontros Intereclesiais de CEBs. Por fim, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em duas comunidades: Maria Mãe dos Migrantes e São José Operário. A pesquisa inferiu que ocorreram significativas mudanças nos valores e nos fins das ações sociais dos membros leigos ao longo das últimas três décadas

L'autisme est un trouble neurodéveloppemental universel, qui concerne tous les âges de la vie, niveaux de développement et pays. L'hétérogénéité des profils de développement de ces enfants classiquement étudiée concerne souvent soit les enfants sans déficience intellectuelle soit des fonctions cognitives et sociales précises. Notre objectif de recherche est de déterminer le profil développemental des enfants atteints d'autisme présentant un retard de développement important et issus de plusieurs pays. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que ces enfants présentent un profil plus hétérogène comparativement à des enfants typiques d'âge de développement similaire et quel que soit leur pays d'origine. Nous avons donc analysé les résultats d'évaluations développementales effectuées avec la BECS de 301 enfants avec autisme et de 121 enfants typiques issus de sept pays de trois continents (Algérie, Belgique, Brésil, Canada, France, Grèce et Espagne). Les résultats confirment la présence d'un développement plus hétérogène chez les enfants atteints d'autisme que chez les enfants typiques. L'existence de corrélations entre l'hétérogénéité des profils et des facteurs d'âge, de niveau de développement et de sévérité des symptômes est également mise en évidence. L'élaboration d'outils d'évaluation comme la BECS permet de mieux comprendre le développement des enfants avec trouble du spectre de l'autisme et déficience intellectuelle. / Autism is an universal neurodevelopmental disorder, that concerns all ages, levels of development and countries. The heterogeneity of developmental profiles of these children often studied classically concerns either children without intellectual disabilitiy or specific cognitive and social functions. Our research goal is to determine the developmental profile of children with autism with a significant developmental delay and from several countries. We assume that these children have a more heterogeneous profile compared to typical children of similar age of development regardless of their country of origin. Therefore we analyzed the results of developmental assessments conducted with BECS of 301 children with autism and 121 typical children from seven countries of three continents (Algeria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Greece and Spain). The results confirm the presence of a more heterogeneous development in children with autism than in typical children. The existence of correlations between the heterogeneous profiles and age, level of development and severity of symptoms is also highlighted. The development of evaluation tools like BECS allow better understanding of the development of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo entendermos os processos históricos e geográficos pelo qual a dimensão espacial da Igreja Católica no atual município de Nova Iguaçu, na Baixada Fluminense, foi estruturada, assim como interpretar as ações desenvolvidas pela Igreja Católica mostrando o seu papel de gestor no desenvolvimento de várias ações sociais e religiosas. Nesta localidade, carente de políticas públicas favoreceu inicialmente nas comunidades eclesiais de base a construção de importantes espaços religiosos, assim como, posteriormente foram desenvolvidos movimentos populares que auxiliaram na sociabilidade e trocas de saberes e fazeres. As ações conduzidas pela Teologia da Libertação e dirigidas pela Diocese de Nova Iguaçu e pelo líder religioso Dom Adriano Hypólito possibilitou a expansão da conscientização da população em relação a seus direitos e deveres expressos principalmente nas inúmeras reivindicações por serviços públicos e sociais. Busca-se então, o entendimento na estruturação social de algumas áreas da Baixada Fluminense assim como desvendar as estratégias utilizadas pela Diocese de Nova Iguaçu durante a fim de promover a organização de seu território religioso, através da disseminação de suas estratégias religiosas. Tais ações auxiliaram no fortalecimento das ações coletivas da localidade, marcando a história do município de Nova Iguaçu e da instituição religiosa católica brasileira. / This research aims to understand the historical and geographical processes by which the spatial dimension of the Catholic Church in the current municipality of Nova Iguaçu, in the Baixada Fluminense, was structured as well as interpret the actions taken by the Catholic Church showing her managerial role in the development various social activities and religious.In this location, lacking in public policies initially favored in basic ecclesial communities to build important religious spaces, and subsequently were developed popular movements that helped in sociability and exchange of knowledge and practices. The actions carried out by the Liberation Theology and directed by the Diocese of Nova Iguaçu and the religious leader Don Adriano Hypólito enabled the expansion of public awareness regarding their rights and duties mainly expressed in the numerous claims for public and social services. The aim is then to understand the social structure of some areas of the Lowlands as well as uncover the strategies used by the Diocese of Nova Iguaçu in order to promote religious organization of its territory, through the dissemination of religious strategies. Such actions helped in strengthening the collective actions of the town, marking the history of the municipality of Nova Iguaçu and the Brazilian Catholic religious institution.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo entendermos os processos históricos e geográficos pelo qual a dimensão espacial da Igreja Católica no atual município de Nova Iguaçu, na Baixada Fluminense, foi estruturada, assim como interpretar as ações desenvolvidas pela Igreja Católica mostrando o seu papel de gestor no desenvolvimento de várias ações sociais e religiosas. Nesta localidade, carente de políticas públicas favoreceu inicialmente nas comunidades eclesiais de base a construção de importantes espaços religiosos, assim como, posteriormente foram desenvolvidos movimentos populares que auxiliaram na sociabilidade e trocas de saberes e fazeres. As ações conduzidas pela Teologia da Libertação e dirigidas pela Diocese de Nova Iguaçu e pelo líder religioso Dom Adriano Hypólito possibilitou a expansão da conscientização da população em relação a seus direitos e deveres expressos principalmente nas inúmeras reivindicações por serviços públicos e sociais. Busca-se então, o entendimento na estruturação social de algumas áreas da Baixada Fluminense assim como desvendar as estratégias utilizadas pela Diocese de Nova Iguaçu durante a fim de promover a organização de seu território religioso, através da disseminação de suas estratégias religiosas. Tais ações auxiliaram no fortalecimento das ações coletivas da localidade, marcando a história do município de Nova Iguaçu e da instituição religiosa católica brasileira. / This research aims to understand the historical and geographical processes by which the spatial dimension of the Catholic Church in the current municipality of Nova Iguaçu, in the Baixada Fluminense, was structured as well as interpret the actions taken by the Catholic Church showing her managerial role in the development various social activities and religious.In this location, lacking in public policies initially favored in basic ecclesial communities to build important religious spaces, and subsequently were developed popular movements that helped in sociability and exchange of knowledge and practices. The actions carried out by the Liberation Theology and directed by the Diocese of Nova Iguaçu and the religious leader Don Adriano Hypólito enabled the expansion of public awareness regarding their rights and duties mainly expressed in the numerous claims for public and social services. The aim is then to understand the social structure of some areas of the Lowlands as well as uncover the strategies used by the Diocese of Nova Iguaçu in order to promote religious organization of its territory, through the dissemination of religious strategies. Such actions helped in strengthening the collective actions of the town, marking the history of the municipality of Nova Iguaçu and the Brazilian Catholic religious institution.