This thesis analyzes President William Jefferson Clinton's self-defense during the first four months of 1998. The study focuses on Clinton's denial of the sex scandal with White House intern Monica Lewinsky when the story broke out in the Washington Post on January 21, 1998. William L. Benoit's theory of Image Restoration is used to examine each strategy's distribution. Benoit's framework consists of identifying strategies used by denial to clarify and repair a positive image despite negative public accusations.The study employed a content analysis as the research methodology. There were a total of 1,392 sentences contained in twenty-four articles from the Washington Post, only articlesfrom the Post were included in the initial search. Research was conducted using microfilm of the Washington Post full-text articles during the time period of interest: January 21, 1998 to April 20, 1998. The dependent variables were the number of sentences devoted to the amount of the Washington Post coverage given to the strategies utilized by Bill Clinton, Hillary Clinton, Clinton's staff, Clinton' s lawyer, Clinton's friends, the media, Al Gore, and the Democratic Party. Meanwhile, the sentences were coded on the basis of image restoration theory and strategy categories defined by Benoit.The data showed the strategy of denial was employed at the highest rate among all strategies during the three selected time periods. Specifically, the denial strategy was used the most frequently with 348 quotations (25%). In the short run, Clinton's popularity among followers was not damaged, but in the long run, he faced impeachment proceedings. Therefore, the strategy of denial is not always a clarification action. This study indicates that the strategy of denial merely complicates and prolongs the whole process; therefore twisting Benoit's original definition. / Department of Journalism

L’œuvre rigoureuse de Bill Brandt, au service d’une incontestable poésie, s’écoule sur près d’un demi-siècle et résume à elle seule les quatre grands genres de la photographie que sont le reportage social, le portrait, le nu et le paysage. Né à Hambourg en 1904, le déni de ses origines allemandes l’amena à s’identifier pleinement à l’Angleterre où il vécut la plus grande partie de sa vie, laquelle prit fin à Londres en 1983. Cette thèse a pour objet de mettre en évidence la trajectoire éminemment moderniste de Brandt, lequel a exploité au maximum le caractère réflexif de la photographie afin de satisfaire au mieux sa quête identitaire. Cette dernière, en prise avec les traversées géographiques et culturelles vécues par le photographe, s’articule autour de registres plus ténus ayant trait à la mémoire ainsi qu’aux perspectives historiques et généalogiques. Aussi, cette reformulation personnelle s’est accompagnée chez Brandt d’une reformulation de son œuvre et de sa pratique du médium jusqu’à en repousser les limites intrinsèques : portée par une appétence scopique, elle a exploré les ressorts spatiaux et diégétiques de l’image avant de tendre vers une sérénité haptique et sculpturale alors que le photographe accédait à sa pleine reconnaissance artistique, proposant ainsi une relecture des apports modernistes. / Bill Brandt's quite rigorous works cover nearly half a century and encompass the four major kinds of photography (i.e. social photo-reportage, portraits, nudes and landscapes) with a true sense of poetry. Born in Hamburg in 1904, the denial of his German origins led him to fully identify himself with England where he lived most of his life in London until his death in 1983. This thesis aims at highlighting Brandt's modernist path as he constantly used the reflexive capabilities of photography as a way to satisfy his own quest for a native English identity. Beyond the geographical and cultural journeys experienced by the photographer before his arrival in England, the root causes of his quest actually lie in more tenuous matters related to memory as well as historical and genealogical perspectives. This personal quest for redefining his identity resulted in a progressive reshaping of his own works and practice of the medium to push back its inner limits: firstly driven by a scopic appetite, he then explored the many spatial and diegetic dimensions of image until finally evolving towards a more haptic and sculptural serenity as he was receiving a proper artistic recognition, hence offering a rereading of his modernist contributions.

Orientador: Luís Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho / Resumo: O consumo crescente por energia elétrica, o seu alto custo e as restrições ambientais tornaram imprescindíveis a utilização eficiente desta energia, bem como a execução de ações e programas que promovam economia de eletricidade. Diversas empresas agroindustriais no Brasil produzem a própria ração para alimentação de seus animais por meio da trituração de grãos e cereais, empregando maquinários movidos a motores elétricos muitas vezes sobredimensionados e operando em horários nos quais as tarifas são onerosas (horário de ponta). Essa atividade é responsável por grande parte do consumo de eletricidade e impacta diretamente os custos de produção. Nesta pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático de faturamento de energia elétrica para uma empresa de avicultura de postura optante pela modalidade tarifária verde. Esse modelo trabalha com equações matemáticas contendo variáveis elétricas necessárias ao cálculo da conta de eletricidade. Os principais parâmetros elétricos são os fatores de potência e de carga, a demanda de potência e o consumo de energia. Atualmente no Brasil, para os consumidores do Grupo A, existem duas modalidades tarifárias disponíveis: a horária verde e a horária azul. O modelo matemático proposto pode ser empregado para as duas modalidades, sendo que cada uma delas possui as suas fórmulas específicas, as quais deverão ser inseridas no software Mathematica criado pela empresa Wolfram Research. A direção da granja cedeu 12 contas de energia elétrica e seus dado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increasing consumption of electricity, the high costs and the environmental restrictions made it paramount the efficient use of such energy, as well as actions and programs to promote energy conservation. Several agro-industrial companies in Brazil produce their own animal feed by mashing cereals and grains with the use of electric-motor machines, which are many times oversized and operate at expensive fee times (peak time). This activity is responsible for great part of the electricity consumption and directly impacts the production costs. This study developed a mathematical model of electricity billing for a laying poultry farm that opted for the green fee modality. This model uses mathematical equations containing the electric variables required for the calculation of the electric bill. The main electrical parameters are: the power and the load factors, the power demand, and the active consumption. Currently in Brazil, there are two fee modalities for Group A consumers: the green and the blue hourly fees. The proposed mathematical model can be used for both modalities, and there are specific equations for each of them, which should be entered into the software Mathematica developed by Wolfram Research. The manager of the poultry farm provided 12 electric bills, and their data was entered into the software that created three-dimensional surface graphs and contour maps. Such graphs showed the inversely proportional relation of the bill amounts with the power and load fac... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This study chronicles the contributions of Bill J. Priest under the headings of Board of Trustees governance model, multi-college district, quality first: facilities and staff, curriculum, counseling, public relations, telecourses and the Bill J. Priest Institute for Economic Development. Data were gathered from personal interviews, primary sources and secondary sources. The study includes an overview of the emergence and evolution of the junior college with specific focus on the conceptual beginnings of the Dallas County Community College District and the selection of its founding president, Bill Priest. Professional and personal profiles of Priest are documented as background for the study. Conclusions are that Bill Priest established the Dallas County Community College District as a national model of a multi-college district, was instrumental in affecting the change from junior college to comprehensive community college as the standard for two-year higher education institutions, played a significant role in setting the national agenda for the community college movement through his long-term participation in a leadership capacity in the American Association of Junior and Community Colleges and through the establishment and selection of leadership of the League for Innovation, was instrumental in the creation of the Associate Degree of Nursing, was a national leader in the establishment and development of telecourses as an instructional delivery system, was the forerunner in utilizing public relations and establishing it as a credible tool for institutions of higher learning, and brought the concept of counseling and advising as a vital part of student success to the two-year colleges in Texas.

Chapter 16 of the Tax Administration Act (28 of 2011) (the TA Act) deals with understatement penalties, which replaced the penalty provisions included under section 76 of the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) and section 60 of the Value-Added Tax Act (89 of 1991). In the event of an ‗understatement‘, in terms of Section 222 of the TA Act, a taxpayer must pay an understatement penalty as determined by the understatement penalty table which is contained in Section 223 of the TA Act, unless the understatement results from a bona fide inadvertent error. In the Draft Response Document presented by National Treasury and SARS to the Committee on Finance (SCOF) on 11 September 2013, it was stated that SARS would develop guidance in this regard for the use of taxpayers and SARS officials (SARS, 2013d:42). The determining of a bona fide inadvertent error on taxpayers‘ returns as stipulated in Section 222 of the TA Act, as amended in 2013, is a totally new concept in the tax fraternity. It is of utmost importance that this section is applied correctly based on sound evaluation principles and not on professional judgement when determining if the error was indeed the result of a bona fide inadvertent error. This research study focuses on exploring key considerations when determining bona fide inadvertent errors resulting in understatements. The role and importance of tax penalty provisions is explored and the meaning of the different components in the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘ critically analysed with the purpose to find a possible definition for the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘. The study also compares the provisions of other tax jurisdictions with regards to errors made resulting in tax understatements in order to find possible guidelines on the application of bona fide inadvertent errors as contained in Section 222 of the TA Act. The term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘ is evaluated by comparing the term with the characteristics of a good tax system and improvements for the practical execution of the new amendment to the TA Act are suggested. A literature review is used to gain an in-depth understanding of the role and importance of tax penalty provisions. Doctrinal research is also carried out to perform a critical analysis on the meaning of the different components in the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘. A comparative analysis between different countries regarding errors being made when dealing with understatements is performed and a normative research approach is followed to critically evaluate the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘. The findings of the research study revealed that the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘ contained in Section 222 of the TA Act should be defined urgently and that guidelines must be provided by SARS on the application of the new amendment. SARS should also clarify the application of a bona fide inadvertent error in light of the behaviours contained in Section 223 of the TA Act to avoid any confusion. / MCom (South African and International Tax), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Chapter 16 of the Tax Administration Act (28 of 2011) (the TA Act) deals with understatement penalties, which replaced the penalty provisions included under section 76 of the Income Tax Act (58 of 1962) and section 60 of the Value-Added Tax Act (89 of 1991). In the event of an ‗understatement‘, in terms of Section 222 of the TA Act, a taxpayer must pay an understatement penalty as determined by the understatement penalty table which is contained in Section 223 of the TA Act, unless the understatement results from a bona fide inadvertent error. In the Draft Response Document presented by National Treasury and SARS to the Committee on Finance (SCOF) on 11 September 2013, it was stated that SARS would develop guidance in this regard for the use of taxpayers and SARS officials (SARS, 2013d:42). The determining of a bona fide inadvertent error on taxpayers‘ returns as stipulated in Section 222 of the TA Act, as amended in 2013, is a totally new concept in the tax fraternity. It is of utmost importance that this section is applied correctly based on sound evaluation principles and not on professional judgement when determining if the error was indeed the result of a bona fide inadvertent error. This research study focuses on exploring key considerations when determining bona fide inadvertent errors resulting in understatements. The role and importance of tax penalty provisions is explored and the meaning of the different components in the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘ critically analysed with the purpose to find a possible definition for the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘. The study also compares the provisions of other tax jurisdictions with regards to errors made resulting in tax understatements in order to find possible guidelines on the application of bona fide inadvertent errors as contained in Section 222 of the TA Act. The term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘ is evaluated by comparing the term with the characteristics of a good tax system and improvements for the practical execution of the new amendment to the TA Act are suggested. A literature review is used to gain an in-depth understanding of the role and importance of tax penalty provisions. Doctrinal research is also carried out to perform a critical analysis on the meaning of the different components in the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘. A comparative analysis between different countries regarding errors being made when dealing with understatements is performed and a normative research approach is followed to critically evaluate the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘. The findings of the research study revealed that the term ‗bona fide inadvertent error‘ contained in Section 222 of the TA Act should be defined urgently and that guidelines must be provided by SARS on the application of the new amendment. SARS should also clarify the application of a bona fide inadvertent error in light of the behaviours contained in Section 223 of the TA Act to avoid any confusion. / MCom (South African and International Tax), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This thesis – Shooting the President: Screen Depictions of the American Presidency from John F. Kennedy to Josiah Bartlet – examines the depiction of the presidency in American film and television from 1960 until the present day. In this study I explore the relationships between the presidency and Hollywood, particularly in the context of genre structures. I examine the constructions of specific presidential mythologies based on the real presidencies of Kennedy, Nixon and Clinton and the construction of fictional presidencies in the television series The West Wing. In four sets of case studies, I will chart the changing significance of each president through different genres, looking particularly at how each presidential mythology is affected by the anxieties and fashions of the contemporary political and social world. I also examine the ways in which the appearance of presidentiality is created within each text by various means including set design, the choice of actor, the use of dialogue and the framing of particular characters. The aims of my thesis are to demonstrate how a telegenic style of politics formed during and after the Kennedy presidency can be seen to be both represented and enhanced in genre films and television series. I chart the relationship of this new mediated style of presidency through my case studies as it faces challenges such as Watergate, Clinton’s sex scandals and the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001. Finally, I aim to demonstrate through a close reading of the latter seasons of The West Wing how the American public can be seen to be prepared by its popular media for the success of the first black president, Barack Obama.

Throughout the history of the NFL, several head coaches have found significantly more success than their peers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of what personal and tactical dimensions have set these coaches apart. This paper will study the most successful coaches of the past, as well as today’s most successful coach, Bill Belichick. Through case studies, this paper identifies possible explanation for Belichick’s current run of success in an NFL that grows more competitive each season. Specifically, this paper looks at the relationship between players and coaches, and how Leader- Member exchange plays a very important role in the success coaches will find. Leader- member exchange (LMX) has not been studied in the NFL, and this paper predicts that future research in this area will find the most important factors of LMX to be trust, respect, and predictability of actions. This paper also looks at the role of the head coach outside of his player relationships, and how vast football knowledge is not enough to lead an NFL team to success. Head coaches that are most successful differentiate themselves from others through the tactical side of the game, in many different aspects, including player acquisition, game preparation and tactics, personnel management and decision- making. Last, this paper examines the coaching career of Bill Belichick, and why he has found immense success in the NFL. Further research in the field of player-coach relationships would provide a clearer answer for successful coaches in the NFL.

The problem of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the cooperative agreement section of Senate Bill 8 and its impact on the student teaching program in Texas. The purposes of the study are (1) to analyze the data available from the Texas Education Agency concerning the cooperatively developed in-service improvement program for supervising teachers, (2) to survey the public school personnel charged with the responsibility of developing and implementing section three of Senate Bill 8 in order to determine the effectiveness of this bill, and (3) to interview college personnel who are involved in developing and implementing section three of Senate Bill 8.

The purposes of this study were (1) to review the development of SB 408, and (2) to analyze the impact of this action upon a selected group of public schools. The study involved a survey of the influence that provisions of SB 408 have had on the school program in terms of the following: (a) policy, (b) economy, (c) instructional program, and (d) management.