The efficient identification of photons is a crucial aspect in the search for the Higgs boson at ATLAS. With the high luminosity and collision energies provided by the Large Hadron Collider, rejection of backgrounds to photons is of key importance. It is often not feasible to fully simulate background processes that require large numbers of events, due to processing time and disk space constraints. The standard fast simulation program, ATLFAST-I, is able to simulate events ∼1000 times faster than the full simulation program but does not always provide enough detailed information to make accurate background estimates. To bridge the gap, a set of photon reconstruction efficiency parameterisations, for converted and unconverted photons, have been derived from full simulation events and subsequently applied to ATLFAST-I photons. Photon reconstruction efficiencies for isolated photons from fully simulated and ATLFAST-I, plus parameterisations, events are seen to agree within statistical error. A study into a newly proposed Two Higgs Doublet Model channel, gg → H → hh → γγγγ, where the light Higgs (h) boson is fermiophobic, has been investigated. The channel is of particular interest as it exploits the large production cross-section of a heavy Higgs (H) boson via gluon-fusion at the LHC in conjunction with the enhanced branching ratio of a light fermiophobic Higgs (h) boson to a pair of photons. This channel is characterised by a distinct signature of four high pT photons in the final state. Samples of signal events have been generated across the (mh,mH) parameter space along with the dominant backgrounds. An event selection has been developed with the search performed at generator-level. In addition, the search was also performed with simulated ATLFAST-I events utilising the above photon reconstruction efficiency parameterisations. For both analyses, the expected upper limit on the cross-section at 95% confidence level is determined and exclusion regions of the (mh,mH) parameter space are defined for integrated luminosities of 1 f b−1 and 10 f b−1 in seven fermiophobic model benchmarks.

The search potential of a Standard Model Higgs boson in the Vector Boson Fusion production mechanism with Higgs boson decaying to two leptons and two neutrinos via decay to two Z bosons with the ATLAS detector is investigated. The ATLAS detector is a general purpose detector in operation at CERN measuring proton-proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider. This channel has been shown to have high sensitivity at large Higgs mass, where large amounts of missing energy in the signal provide good discrimination over expected backgrounds. This work takes a first look at whether the sensitivity of this channel may be improved using the remnants of the vector boson fusion process to pro- vide extra discrimination, particularly at lower mass where sensitivity of the main analysis is reduced because of lower missing energy. Simulated data samples at centre of mass energy 7 Te V are used to derive signal significances over the mass range between 200-600 Ge V / c2. Because of varying signal properties with mass, a low and a high mass event selection were developed and optimized. A comparison between simulated and real data (collected in 2010) is made of variables used in the analysis and the effect of pileup levels corresponding to those in the 2010 data is investigated. Possible methods to estimate some of the main backgrounds to this search are described and discussed. The impact • of important theoretical and detector related systematics are taken into account. Final results are presented in the form of 95 % Confidence Level exclusion limits on the signal cross section relative to the SM prediction as a function of Higgs boson mass, based on an integrated luminosity of 33.4 pb -1 of data collected during 2010.

O gás de Bose carregado foi estudado em duas e três dimensões, sendo que no caso bidimensional foram considerados dois tipos distintos de interação: l/r e ln(r). Aplicamos a esses sistemas o método do campo auto-consistente que leva em consideração a interação de curto alcance entre os bosons através de uma correção de campo local. Por meio de cálculos numéricos auto-consistentes determinamos o fator de estrutura S(&#8594k) em um amplo intervalo de densidades. A partir de S(&#8594k) obtivemos a função de correlação dos pares, a energia do estado fundamental que é essencialmente a energia de correlação, a pressão do gás e o espectro de excitações elementares. Calculamos ainda a densidade de blindagem induzida por uma impureza carregada fixada no gás. No limite de altas densidades nossos cálculos reproduzem os resultados da teoria de perturbação de Bogoliubov. Na região de densidades intermediárias em que os sistemas são fortemente correlacionados nossos resultados apresentam uma boa concordância com cálculos baseados na aproximação de HNC e no método de Monte Carlo. Nossos resultados são em várias situações confrontados com os de RPA demonstrando que o método que utilizamos é muito mais adequado para tratar o sistema. Os sistemas bidimensionais mostraram-se mais correlacionados que o tridimensional, sendo que o gás com interação l/r é mais correlacionado que o logarítmico a altas densidades, mas na região de densidades baixas essa situação se inverte. Finalmente calculamos as funções termodinâmicas dos sistemas bi e tridimensionais a temperaturas finitas próximas do zero absoluto baseando-nos nos espectros de excitação do gás a temperatura zero. / The two and three-dimensional charged Bose gas have been studied. In the bidimensional case two different types of interaction were considered: l/r and ln(r).We have applied to these systems the self-consistent-field method, which takes into account the short range correlations between the bosons through a local-field correction. By using self-consistent numerical calculations we determinate the structure factor S(&#8594k) in a wide range of densities. From S(&#8594k) we obtained the pair-correlation function, the ground-state energy, the pressure of the gas and the spectrum of elementary excitations. In addition we calculated the screening density induced by a fixed charged impurity. In the high-density limit our calculations reproduce the results given by Bogoliubov\'s perturbation theory. In the intermediate-density region, corresponding to the strongly coupled systems, our results are in very good agreement with calculations based on HNC approximation as well as Monte Carlo method. Our results are compared in several situations with RPA results showing that the self-consistent method is much more accurate. The two-dimensional systems showed to be more correlated than the three-dimensional one; the gas with interaction l/r is also more correlated than the logarithmic one at high densities, but it begins to be less correlated than this one in the low-density region. Finally we calculated the thermodynamic functions of the two and three-dimensional systems at finite temperatures near absolute zero, based upon the gas excitation spectra at zero temperature.

Following the announcement of the discovery of a new particle on the 4th of July 2012 at the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC, many efforts were needed for the understanding of its properties and to discern whether it is the Standard Model Higgs boson. The research presented in this thesis is based on the H → ZZ(*) → 4l decay channel. Three main contributions are discussed: the Standard Model Higgs boson mass measurement, the search for a heavy Higgs boson, and lastly, the implementation of a kinematic likelihood fitter as a new approach to improve the invariant mass resolution of the final states. The Standard Model Higgs boson mass measurement is presented. The measured mass is 124:51± 0:52(stat)± 0:06(syst) GeV for the combined data taken during 2011 and 2012 (4:6 fb-¹ at 7 TeV and 20:7 fb-¹ at 8 TeV). Contributing to the mass measurement, a tool was developed to validate the model used by generating several pseudo datasets from Monte Carlo samples and fitting them with the profile likelihood. The results show that the model is correct and only small deviations are seen in the parameters of interest, mH, and the signal strength, μ. Studies in the asymptotic limit show that these deviations are a symptom of low statistics in some of the final states. The search for a heavy Higgs boson is presented as well. No significant excess of events over the Standard Model prediction is found. A simultaneous fit to the profile likelihood gives 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross-section of a heavy Higgs times the branching ratio to Z boson pairs in the mass range from 140 GeV to 1 TeV. Contributing to this search, a pseudo dataset, called Asimov dataset, is created from the Monte Carlo samples to test the profile likelihood fits and validate the model used. The results show that fit the model is correct. In addition, the limits are also interpreted in the context of Type I and Type II Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM). Finally, a Kinematic Likelihood Fitter (KLFitter) is studied and used to constrain the Z boson mass as an alternative to the standard tool used for the 2011 and 2012 measurement. This affects the distribution of the invariant mass, m4l, from which the Higgs boson mass is inferred. Small improvements are seen in the invariant mass resolution when higher hypothetical Higgs boson masses are considered.

This thesis presents a search for R-parity violating supersymmetry at sqrt(s)=13 TeV, using approximately 13.3 fb-1 of data collected by ATLAS in 2015 and the first half of 2016. Events are required to contain at least four leptons (electrons or muons only) that are not the product of a Z boson decay, and this requirement results in a low Standard Model background and a high sensitivity to various physics models beyond the Standard Model. No significant deviations from the Standard Model are observed in data, and results are used to set upper limits on the event yields from processes beyond the Standard Model. In a simplified model of chargino production with indirect R-parity violating decays, limits are extended by approximately 400 GeV relative to the Run 1 search, excluding chargino masses below 1.1 TeV.

Neste trabalho usamos uma descrição relativística via troca de mésons em aproximação de campo médio para estimar as energias de partícula-única do hipernúcleo 16∑O. Embora o método usado seja bastante simples, comparado com o método aotoconsistente, os resultados obtidos reproduzem bem as energias e o dedobramento spin-óbita do núcleo 16 0 e estão muito próximos dos previstos na literatura para o hipernúcleo 16∑O. / An estimation of single particle energies for the 16∑O hypernucleus has been done in a relativistic description with exchange of mesons in the mean field approximation. In spite of the simplicity of the method used, as compared with the selfconsistent one, our results reproduce well the energies and the spin-orbit splitting of the 16 0 nucleus and are very close to results presented in the literature for the 16∑O hypernucleus.

Submitted by VICTOR CESAR COSTA ALVES null (victorc@ift.unesp.br) on 2017-03-24T17:06:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 document.pdf: 511663 bytes, checksum: 1bf722030b47e34e0031fc461efd9f67 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-24T20:35:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_vcc_me_ift.pdf: 511663 bytes, checksum: 1bf722030b47e34e0031fc461efd9f67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T20:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_vcc_me_ift.pdf: 511663 bytes, checksum: 1bf722030b47e34e0031fc461efd9f67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho trata de um abordagem de aplicações em física dos métodos matemáticos de integrabilidade de Painlevé, por outro lado também aborda o formalismo de hierarquias integráveis e o modelo de 2M-bosons onde são usados métodos de equações diferenciais bem como um método para soluções usando aproximantes de Padé. / The current work aims at applications of mathematical methods of Painlevé integrability in physics, on the other side it also approaches the integrable hierarchies formalism and the 2M-bose model where differential equations methods are used as well as a method for solutions using Padé approximants.

Orientador: Abraham Hirsz Zimerman / Abstract: The current work aims at applications of mathematical methods of Painlevé integrability in physics, on the other side it also approaches the integrable hierarchies formalism and the 2M-bose model where differential equations methods are used as well as a method for solutions using Padé approximants. / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata de um abordagem de aplicações em física dos métodos matemáticos de integrabilidade de Painlevé, por outro lado também aborda o formalismo de hierarquias integráveis e o modelo de 2M-bosons onde são usados métodos de equações diferenciais bem como um método para soluções usando aproximantes de Padé. / Mestre

A representação de Fock-Tani é um formalismo de teoria de campos para tratar problemas envolvendo simultaneamente partículas compostas e seus constituintes. O formalismo foi originalmente desenvolvido para tratar problemas de física atômica e mais tarde estendido para problemas da física hadrônica. Nesta dissertação, inicialmente apresentamos uma breve revisão da Cromodinâmica Quântica e um detalhado estudo dos modelos de decaimentos. Revisamos também a representação de Fock-Tani para mésons e buscamos estendê-la para incluir processos de decaimento de mésons. Há muito tempo os modelos de criação de pares para decaimentos hadrônicos fortes têm sido formulados. O modelo 3P0 é um típico modelo de decaimento que considera apenas decaimentos do tipo OZI-permitidos para as interações fortes. O modelo 3P0 descreve a criação de um par quark-antiquark adicional na presença do méson do estado inicial. Neste modelo o par quark-antiquark criado tem os números quânticos do vácuo. Este modelo também pode ser formulado pelo limite não-relativístico de um Hamiltoniano de criação de par. Mostrado que a aplicação da transformação de Fock-Tani ao Hamiltoniano de criação de par produz a característica expansão em potências da função de onda, onde o modelo 3P0 é obtido em ordem mais baixa desta expansão e representado pelo Hamiltoniano HFT. O passo seguinte é a introdução das correções de ortogonalidade para corrigir o modelo de “ordem zero”. O Hamiltoniano associado á correção contém termos que dependem de apenas uma Δ, chamado de kernel de estado ligado. É, então proposto o modelo 3P0 corrigido, que é chamado de C3P0. Para obter o modelo C3P0 é feita hipótese da soma, onde uma aproximação é introduzida no sentido de representar efetivamente o resultado da soma da série de potência em Δ. O modelo é aplicado ao decaimento de dois mésons leves: ρ → π + π e b1 → ω + π. As amplitudes e suas respectivas taxas de decaimento são avaliadas. No caso do decaimento de b1 é ainda calculado a razão aD/aS. / Fock-Tani is a field theory formalism appropriated for the simultaneous treatment of composite particles and their constituents. The formalism was originally developed for the treatment of problems in atomic physics and it was extended later on to the treatment of problems on hadron physics. In this dissertation, we initially present a bried review of Quantum Cromodynamics and a more detailed survey of the decay models. For a long time the pair creation models for strong hadronic decays have been formulated. The 3P0 model is typical decay model which considers only OZI-allowed strong decays. The 3P0 model considers a quark-antiquark par creation in the presence of the initial state meson. The quark-antiquark par is created with the vacuum quantum numbers. This model can also be obtained from the non-relativistic limit of the pair creation Hamiltonian. Applying the Fock-Tani transformation to the pair creation Hamiltonian produces the characteristic expansion in powers of the wave function, where the 3P0 model is the lowest order term of this expansion and represented by the Hamiltonian HFT . The next step is to introduce the orthogonality corrections to this “zero order” model. The Hamiltonian associated to this correction contains terms dependent on only one Δ, called the bound state kernel. A new model is introduced in order to correct the 3P0, which we call the C3P0 model. To obtain the C3P0 model the sum hypothesis will be introduced, in order to represent effectively the sum of the Δ power series. The model is applied to the decay of two light meson: ρ → π + π e b1 → ω + π. The decay amplitudes and rates are evaluated. For the b1 decay the aD/aS ratio is calculated.

La recherche des bosons de Higgs est une des priorites du programme LEP200 developpe au CERN. En effet, le mecanisme de Higgs, qui predit l'existence de bosons scalaires de masse inconnue, permet de donner des masses aux particules elementaires du modele standard et de ses extensions supersymetriques. Nous avons effectue une recherche des bosons de Higgs neutres dans les deux canaux de production $\mathrm(e^+e^-\rightarrow\PZz^*\rightarrow \Phz\PZz)$\, et $\mathrm(e^+e^-\rightarrow\PZz^*\rightarrow \Phz\PAz)$\, prevus dans les modeles supersymetriques en se limitant aux seuls etats finals a quatre jets qui representent, respectivement 65% et 84% des modes possibles. Un effort particulier a ete porte sur la reconstruction de la masse du boson de Higgs standard (canal hZ) et sur l'amelioration des procedures de selection des evenements. Les etudes faites sur les donnees enregistrees par DELPHI de 1995 a 1997 (ecm=161, 172 et 183 GeV) ont permis d'exclure a 95% de niveau de confiance un boson de Higgs standard plus leger que: \mathrm(m_\Phz \ge 84.4~ GeV)/c^2~~~~~ \mathrm(\grave(a) ~95\%~ C.L. ~~(limite~ observ\acute(e)e))\nonumber\\ \mathrm(m_\Phz \ge 86.4~ GeV)/c^2~~~~~ \mathrm(\grave(a) ~95\%~ C.L. ~~(limite~ attendue))\nonumber en incluant l'ensemble des modes de desintegration du Z. Une analyse originale, developpee dans cette these, a permis d'obtenir une limite attendue egale a 86.5 GeV/c2, en utilisant uniquement l'etat final a 4 jets ce qui constitue un gain de ~ 3 GeV/c2, par rapport a la limite evaluee jusqu'ici dans DELPHI. L'interpretation dans le cadre du modele supersymetrique minimal (MSSM) des resulats obtenus dans les canaux hZ, et hA, a permis d'établir les limites suivantes sur les deux bosons de Higgs neutres h, et A: \mathrm(m_\Phz \ge 74.4~ GeV)/c^2~~~~~ \mathrm(\grave(a) ~95\%~ C.L. ~~~~\forall~ tan\beta) \nonumber\\ \mathrm(m_\PAz \ge 75.2~ GeV)/c^2~~~~~ \mathrm(\grave(a) ~95\%~ C.L. ~~~~\forall~ tan\beta) \nonumber