• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 118
  • 37
  • 29
  • 29
  • 16
  • 12
  • 8
  • 6
  • 6
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 302
  • 77
  • 54
  • 44
  • 44
  • 39
  • 31
  • 29
  • 24
  • 22
  • 22
  • 21
  • 20
  • 20
  • 19
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Build-up and wash-off process kinetics of PAHs and heavy metals on paved surfaces using simulated rainfall

Herngren, Lars Fredrik January 2005 (has links)
The research described in the thesis details the investigation of build-up and wash-off process kinetics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in urban areas. It also discusses the design and development of a rainfall simulator as an important research tool to ensure homogeneity and reduce the large number of variables that are usually inherent to urban water quality research. The rainfall simulator was used to collect runoff samples from three study areas, each with different land uses. The study areas consisted of sites with typical residential, industrial and commercial characteristics in the region. Build-up and wash-off samples were collected at each of the three sites. The collected samples were analysed for a number of chemical and physico-chemical parameters. In addition to this, eight heavy metal elements and 16 priority listed PAHs were analysed in five different particle size fractions of the build-up and wash-off samples. The data generated from the testing of the samples were evaluated using multivariate analysis, which reduced the complexity involved in determining the relative importance of a single parameter in urban water quality. Consequently, variables and processes influencing loadings and concentrations of PAHs and heavy metals in urban stormwater runoff from paved surfaces at any given time were identified and quantified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the process kinetics found were validated using a multivariate modelling approach and Partial Least Square (PLS) regression, which confirmed the transferability of chemical processes in urban water quality. Fine particles were dominant in both the build-up and wash-off samples from the three sites. This was mirrored in the heavy metal and PAH concentrations at the three sites, which were significantly higher in particles between 0.45-75μm than in any other fraction. Thus, the larger surface area and electrostatic charge of fine particles were favourable in sorbing PAHs and heavy metals. However, factors such as soil composition, total organic carbon (TOC), the presence of Fe and Mn-oxides and pH of the stormwater were all found to be important in partitioning of the metals and PAHs into different fractions. Additionally, PAHs were consistently found in concentrations above their aqueous solubility, which was attributed to colloidal organic particles being able to increase the dissolved fraction of PAHs. Hence, chemical and physico-chemical parameters played a significant role in the distribution of PAHs and heavy metals in urban stormwater. More importantly, the research showed the wide range of factors that distribute metals and PAHs in an urban environment. Furthermore, it indicated the need for monitoring these parameters in urban areas to ensure that urban stormwater management measures are effective in improving water quality. The build-up and wash-off process kinetics identified using PCA at the respective land uses were predicted using PLS and it was found that the transferability of the governing processes were high even though the PAHs and metal concentrations and loads were highly influenced by the source strength at each site. The increased transferability of fundamental concepts in urban water quality could have significant implications in urban stormwater management. This is primarily attributed to common urban water quality mitigation strategies relying on studies based on physical concepts and processes derived from water quantity studies, which are difficult to transfer between catchments. Hence, a more holistic approach incorporating chemical processes compared to the current piecemeal solutions could significantly improve the protection of key environmental values in a region. Furthermore, urban water quantity mitigation measures are generally designed to reduce the impacts of high-flow events. This research suggests that fairly frequent occurring rainfall events, such as 1-year design rainfall events, could carry significant heavy metal and PAH concentrations in both particulate and dissolved fractions. Hence, structural measures, designed to decrease quantity and quality impact on receiving waters during 10 or 20-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) events could be inefficient in removing the majority of PAHs and heavy metals being washed off during more frequent events. The understanding of physical and chemical processes in urban stormwater management could potentially lead to significant improvements in pollutant removal techniques which in turn could lead to significant socio-economic advantages. This project can serve as a baseline study for urban water quality investigations in terms of adopting new methodology and data analysis.
92

Translation of small-plot scale pollutant build-up and wash-off measurements to urban catchment scale

Egodawatta, Prasanna Kumarasiri January 2007 (has links)
Accurate and reliable estimations are the most important factors for the development of efficient stormwater pollutant mitigation strategies. Modelling is the primary tool used for such estimations. The general architecture of typical modelling approaches is to replicate pollutant processes along with hydrologic processes on catchment surfaces. However, due to the lack of understanding of these pollutant processes and the underlying physical parameters, the estimations are subjected to gross errors. Furthermore, the essential requirement of model calibration leads to significant data and resource requirements. This underlines the necessity for simplified and robust stormwater pollutant estimation procedures. The research described in this thesis primarily details the extensive knowledge developed on pollutant build-up and wash-off processes. Knowledge on both build-up and wash-off were generated by in-depth field investigations conducted on residential road and roof surfaces. Additionally, the research describes the use of a rainfall simulator as a tool in urban water quality research. The rainfall simulator was used to collect runoff samples from small-plot surfaces. The use of a rainfall simulator reduced the number of variables which are common to pollutant wash-off. Pollutant build-up on road and roof surfaces was found to be rapid during the initial time period and the rate reduced when the antecedent dry days increase becoming asymptote to a constant value. However, build-up on roofs was gradual when compared to road surfaces where the build-up on the first two days was 66% of the total build-up. Though the variations were different, it was possible to develop a common replication equation in the form of a power function for build-up for the two surface types with a as a multiplication coefficient and b as a power coefficient. However, the values for the two build-up equation coefficients, a, and b were different in each case. It was understood that the power coefficient b varies only with the surface type. The multiplication coefficient varies with a range of parameters including land-use and traffic volume. Additionally, the build-up observed on road surfaces was highly dynamic. It was found that pollutant re-distribution occurs with finer particles being removed from the surface thus allowing coarser particles to build up. This process results in changes to the particle size composition of build-up. However, little evidence was noted of re-distribution of pollutants on roof surfaces. Furthermore, the particulate pollutants in both road and roof surfaces were high in adsorption capacity. More than 50% of the road and more than 60% of the roof surface particulates were finer than 100 μm which increases the capacity to adsorb other pollutants such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons. In addition, the samples contained a significant amount of DOC which would enhance the solubility of other pollutants. The wash-off investigations on road and roof surfaces showed a high concentration of solid pollutants during the initial part of events. This confirmed the occurrence of the 'first flush' phenomenon. The observed wash-off patterns for road and roof surfaces were able to be mathematically replicated using an exponential equation. The exponential equation proposed is a modified version of an equation proposed in past research. The modification was primarily in terms of an additional parameter referred to as the 'capacity factor' (CF). CF defines the rainfall's ability to mobilise solid pollutants from a given surface. It was noted that CF varies with rainfall intensity, particle size distribution and surface characteristics. Additional to the mathematical replication of wash-off, analysis further focused on understanding the physical processes governing wash-off. For this, both particle size distribution and physicochemical parameters of wash-off pollutants were analysed. It was noted that there is little variation in the particle size distribution of particulates in wash-off with rainfall intensity and duration. This suggested that particle size is not an influential parameter in wash-off. It is hypothesised that the particulate density and adhesion to road surfaces are the primary criteria that govern wash-off. Additionally, significantly high pollutant contribution from roof surfaces was noted. This justifies the significance of roof surfaces as an urban pollutant source particularly in the case of first flush. This dissertation further describes a procedure to translate the knowledge created on pollutant build-up and wash-off processes using small-plots to urban catchment scale. This leads to a simple and robust urban water quality estimation tool. Due to its basic architecture, the estimation tool is referred to as a 'translation procedure'. It is designed to operate without a calibration process which would require a large amount of data. This is done by using the pollutant nature of the catchment in terms of buildup and wash-off processes as the basis of measurements. Therefore, the translation procedure is an extension of the current estimation techniques which are typically complex and resource consuming. The use of a translation procedure is simple and based on the graphical estimation of parameters and tabular form of calculations. The translation procedure developed is particularly accurate in estimating water quality in the initial part of runoff events.
93

Kinematic wave modelling of surface runoff quantity and quality for small urban catchments in Sydney

Cheah, Chin Hong, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW January 2009 (has links)
Extensive research has been undertaken to improve the robustness of runoff quantity predictions for urban catchments. However, equally robust predictions for runoff quality have yet to be attained. Past studies addressing this issue have typically been confined to the use of simple conceptual or empirical models which forgo the tedious steps of providing a physical representation of the actual system to be modelled. Consequently, even if the modelling results for the test catchments are satisfactory, the reliability and applicability of these models for other catchments remain uncertain. It is deemed that by employing process-based, deterministic models, many of these uncertainties can be eliminated. A lack of understanding of the hydrological processes occurring during storm events and the absence of good calibration data, however, hamper the advancement of such models and limit their use in the field. This research proposes that the development of a hydrologic model based on the kinematic wave equations linked to an advection-dispersion model that simulates pollutant detachment and transport will improve both runoff quantity and quality simulations and enhance the robustness of the predictions. At the very worst, a model of this type could still highlight the underlying issues that inhibit models from reproducing the recorded historical hydrographs and pollutographs. In actual fact, this approach has already been applied by various modellers to simulate the entrainment of pollutants from urban catchments. Also, the paradigm shift to using the Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approach in designing urban stormwater systems has prompted the need to differentiate the various sources of pollutants in urban catchments such as roads, roofs and other impervious surfaces. The primary objective of the study reported herein is to model runoff quantity and quality from small urban catchments, facilitated by the procurement of the necessary field data to calibrate and validate the model via implementation of a comprehensive field exercise based in Sydney. From a water quality perspective, trace metals were selected as the foci. The study outcomes include the formulation of a linkage of models capable of providing accurate and reliable runoff quantity and quality predictions for the study catchments by taking into consideration: - The different availability of pollutants from urban catchments, i.e. roads vs. roofs; - The build-up characteristics of pollutants on the distinct urban surfaces and their spatial distribution; - The contribution of rainwater to urban runoff pollution; - The partitioning of pollutants according to particulate bound and dissolved phases; - The respective role of rainfall and runoff in the detachment and entrainment of pollutants; - The influence of particle properties such as particle size distribution and density on pollutant transport; and - The relationship associating particulate bound metals to suspended solids. The simulation results obtained using the proposed model were found to be suitable for modelling the detachment and transport of pollutants for small urban catchments. Interpretation of these results reveals several key findings which could help to rectify shortcomings of existing modelling approaches. Even though the robustness of the model presented here may not translate into a significant improvement in the overall robustness of model predictions, the physical basis on which this process-based model was developed nevertheless provides the flexibility necessary for implementation at alternative sites. It is also shown that the availability of reliable runoff data is essential for implementation of the model for other similar urban catchments. In conclusion, the proposed model in this study will serve as a worthy tool in future urban catchment management studies.
94

An Empirical Study of Design Management Practices in Collaborative Design and Construction Projects The Roles, Activities and Conceptions of Design Management across Project Stages and within the Building, Civil and Process Sectors of a Construction Compa

Janthea Andersen Unknown Date (has links)
Abstract The construction industry is at a critical point in time where the construction and design of the majority of projects is now done simultaneously. If historical trends persist, then there will be an increase in the number of construction projects done concurrently with design. This empirical study describes the management of design in collaborative design and construction projects in a construction company that is dealing with an increasing number of collaboration type projects. The different roles of managers of design, the activities they undertook and conceptions that could describe the practice were researched. A major outcome of the research was the identification of seven major activities that were undertaken by the design managers. These were: 1. Coordinating Stakeholder Input 2. Coordinating Design Work with Other Work 3. Managing Design 4. Project Development Management 5. Managing Design Work 6. Selecting and Managing the Design Team 7. Managing Design Management It was found that design management went through three distinct stages in the collaborative projects: 1. An early stage comprising of mostly design development and planning activities 2. A mid stage consisting of collaborative design and construction activities 3. A latter stage, which comprised of completing the construction work Design managers also undertook activities outside of the project stages, which were considered as company based activities. In the early stages activities were orientated towards developing the project, dealing with different design solutions and setting up the project. In the mid stages activities were orientated towards obtaining design for construction, producing one design solution and keeping up with the schedule. In the latter stages activities were orientated towards dealing with design issues and maintaining design intent. Activities outside of any project were orientated towards developing personnel and company systems. The goals of each stage and the activities required to reach those goals changed the nature of design management in each stage and ultimately resulted in a change in the person required to manage the design. Design managers with the ability to establish client relationships and develop the design were required in the early stages and design managers with the ability to manage the production of design documents and deal with construction issues were required in the mid stages. Different design managers were utilised for the early and mid project stages. During the latter stages of a project, when design was practically completed, design managers had a part time or consultant type role in the projects. In order to examine design management, seven conceptions that could describe the practice of design management were explored. The conceptions consisted of, ‘brand management’, ‘design and construction integration’, ‘a division of project management’, ‘meta-design’, ‘master builder’, ‘task, flow and value management’ and ‘management of the design process’. No one single conception was observed to adequately describe everything that the design managers did. Rather each conception provided a useful perspective that adequately described design management in particular situations. For example ‘a division of project management’ more readily described situations where design managers undertook planning, cost and design production related activities. Similarly ‘meta-design’ more readily described situations where design managers were involved in design discussions. The trends of the conceptions across project stages revealed where the conceptions more readily applied. For example, ‘brand management’, ‘task, flow and value management’ and ‘master builder’ applied more in the early stages of the projects, when the design managers had to promote the company and design, determine the flow of information and had more control over the direction of the project. In the mid stages the conceptions ‘design and construction integration’ and ‘management of the design process’ more readily applied, as design process activity was increased and as construction activities required coordination with design. ‘Design and construction integration’, ‘brand management’ and ‘master builder’ conceptions applied in the later stages where construction activities were checked against the design, the construction required promotion and where the design manager dealt with quality and economic issues with the design. This research explores design management in the Civil and Process sectors of the construction company, in addition to the Building sector. Differences were found between the Building, Civil and Process sectors. In the Building sector, design managers took more ownership of a project; in the Civil sector, design managers carefully took into account stakeholder issues; and in the Process sector, design managers were more technically orientated. These insights into the management of design in integrated design and construction projects can be incorporated into management structures, personnel selection and training programs. For example, the results of this research can be used for the training and selection of design managers for the early, mid and latter stages of design and construction projects. The research can also be used as a basis for making improvements to design management. For example, current practices can be compared to the results of this research to determine which activities might need greater prioritisation. This research provides practitioners and academics with renewed ways of thinking about the management of design, based on the actual practices of design managers.
95

Sobre duas rodas: emoções e consumo no motociclismo / On two wheels: emotions and consumption in motorcycling

Carlos Costa Rodrigues Luz 12 May 2009 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Partindo do questionamento de como as emoções podem se vincular no advento do consumo em um grupo específico esta dissertação de mestrado objetiva compreender esta vinculação nos motociclistas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tendo como principal fonte de dados entrevistas não-estruturados com roteiro aberto analiso os discursos proferidos por estes nativos. Foi necessário compreender a construção do ser motociclista: seus objetivos, trajetórias, participação em moto clubes e no universo motociclístico, a obtenção do primeiro veículo, os processos de troca e customização dos objetos. A relação dos indivíduos com as motos apresentou variações e deslocamentos discursivos, revelando um elaborado contexto de construção de sentido e significado, demonstrando que o objeto pode ser representado e consumido de diferentes formas. Por fim, buscou-se compreender o aparato emocional utilizado nesta prática, tanto os almejado quanto os rechaçados pelos nativos. Pude observar que em muitos momentos mesmo os sentimentos não desejados podem ser reconstruídos com a finalidade de reforçar o comprometimento do indivíduo com sua prática.
96

DB 2020: Analyzing and Forecasting DB Market Trends

January 2014 (has links)
abstract: Over the last two decades, Alternative Project Delivery Methods (APDM), such as Design-Build (DB), have become more popular in the construction industry, specifically in the U.S., and the competition for APDM projects has risen among construction companies. The Engineering News Record (ENR) magazine analyzes DB firms and publishes the list of the top 100 every year. According to ENR articles and many scientific papers, the implementation of DB method has grown drastically over the last decade, however, information about growth trends depending on firm size and segment is lacking. Also missing is knowledge the future market trends over the next five years. Furthermore, public agencies and DB firms may be worried that DB projects do not distribute wealth equally among DB firms. Using the top 100 firms deemed representative of the DB market, the author has divided the market into volumes based on rankings to analyze the total DB market revenue growth. A comparison between international and domestic revenues indicated that the top five DB firms have 64% more involvement in the international market compared to the domestic market. Furthermore, while the research shows increasing market share only for the top five firms, the author has found that (1) a large portion of their market share is due to a large growth in their international market, and (2) revenues for all volumes of the DB market have increased. Moreover, regression and time series analyses allow for the forecasting of the DB market growth, which the author anticipate to move from about $100B to about $150B in 2020. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Construction 2014
97

A National Study on Leveraging Public Infrastructure Funds: Project Performance and Financing Source Analysis for Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in the U.S. Transportation Sector

January 2016 (has links)
abstract: Transportation systems in the U.S. are in a poor state of disrepair. A significant investment is needed to replace or rehabilitate current transportation infrastructure. Currently, transportation investments are lackluster with the recession of 2008 heavily impacting transportation spending, inciting deficits and budgetary cuts at state and federal government levels. As a result, policy makers and public officials are increasingly looking for innovative financing and alternative delivery methods to supplement traditional financing and delivery for transportation projects. Subsequently, the number of public-private partnerships (PPP or P3) has increased substantially over the last two decades. There is a growing need to quantify the project performance and financial benefits of PPP. This dissertation fills this gap in knowledge by performing a comprehensive quantitative analysis of PPP project performance and financial sources for transportation projects in the U.S. This study’s specific research objectives are: (1) Develop a solid baseline for comparison, comprised of non-PPP projects; (2) Quantify PPP project cost and schedule performance; and (3) Quantify private versus public financing sources of PPP. A thorough literature review led to the development of a structured data collection process for PPP and comparable non-PPP projects. Financing data was collected and verified for a total of 133 ongoing and completed projects; while performance data was verified for a subset of 81 completed projects. Data analysis included regression analysis, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and non-parametric statistical tests. The results provide benchmarks for PPP project performance and financing sources. For the performance results, non-PPP projects have an average cost change of 8.46 percent and an average schedule change of -0.22 percent. PPP projects have an average cost change of 3.04 percent and average schedule change of 1.38 percent. Statistical analysis showed cost change for PPP projects were superior to that of non-PPP; however, schedule change differences were not significant. For the financing results, private financing totaled 44.5 percent while public financing totaled 55.5 percent. This result shows private financing can be used to leverage public financing with close to a one-to-one ratio and that PPP has the potential to double the amount of infrastructure delivered to the public. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2016
98

Uma abordagem para a definição de valores de referência de métricas de software baseada em contexto usando redes Bayesianas.

SANTOS, Leonardo da Costa. 28 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-03-28T20:50:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO DA COSTA SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 1052959 bytes, checksum: 86527931b8f10cbdea926396a36e5169 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T20:50:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO DA COSTA SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 1052959 bytes, checksum: 86527931b8f10cbdea926396a36e5169 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Métricas possuem um papel fundamental no processo de gerenciamento da qualidade de software. Apesar dos seus potenciais benefícios, elas geralmente são utilizadas apenas para quantificação, não oferecendo suporte adequado à tomada de decisão durante o ciclo de vida do software. Para potencializar a utilização das métricas, é essencial definir valores de referência significativos (i.e., thresholds), atribuindo, assim, significado para os números coletados. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma abordagem para definição de valores de referência de métricas de software de acordo com o contexto do projeto. A abordagem consiste em definir os fatores de contexto que influenciam os valores de referência da métrica em questão a partir de conhecimento elicitado de especialistas. Essas informações são utilizadas para construir uma rede Bayesiana que pode ser utilizada para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. A solução proposta foi avaliada por meio de um estudo piloto realizado com três gerentes de projetos reais de desenvolvimento de software. Os dados foram coletados com os profissionais para construir redes Bayesianas, para identificar e validar os valores de referência para as métricas Número de Bugs Minor, Número de Alertas de Análise Estática e Porcentagem de Cobertura de Código. A abordagem proposta mostrou-se promissora para auxiliar os profissionais a identificar valores de referência representativos, potencializando tomadas de decisões mais assertivas no processo de gerenciamento de projetos de software / Metrics play a key role in the software quality management process. Despite their potential benefits, they are generally only used for quantification, not providing adequate support to the decision-making process during the software’s life cycle. To enhance the use of metrics, it is essential to define meaningful reference values (i.e., thresholds), thus giving meaning to the data collected. This work aims to propose an approach to define the software metrics’ reference values according to the project’s context. The approach consists of using the specialists’ elicited knowledge to define context factors that influence the metric’s reference values. This information is used to build a Bayesian network that can be used to aid in the decision-making process. The proposed solution was evaluated through a pilot study conducted with three managers of real software development projecst. Data were collected from the software project managers in order to build Bayesian networks to identify and validate reference values for the Number of Minor Bugs, the Number of Static Analysis Alerts, and the Code Coverage Percentage metrics. Each metric was validated in three scenarios. The proposed approach has shown to be promising in helping professionals to identify representative reference values, promoting a more assertive decision making when it comes to the software project management process
99

Sobre duas rodas: emoções e consumo no motociclismo / On two wheels: emotions and consumption in motorcycling

Carlos Costa Rodrigues Luz 12 May 2009 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Partindo do questionamento de como as emoções podem se vincular no advento do consumo em um grupo específico esta dissertação de mestrado objetiva compreender esta vinculação nos motociclistas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tendo como principal fonte de dados entrevistas não-estruturados com roteiro aberto analiso os discursos proferidos por estes nativos. Foi necessário compreender a construção do ser motociclista: seus objetivos, trajetórias, participação em moto clubes e no universo motociclístico, a obtenção do primeiro veículo, os processos de troca e customização dos objetos. A relação dos indivíduos com as motos apresentou variações e deslocamentos discursivos, revelando um elaborado contexto de construção de sentido e significado, demonstrando que o objeto pode ser representado e consumido de diferentes formas. Por fim, buscou-se compreender o aparato emocional utilizado nesta prática, tanto os almejado quanto os rechaçados pelos nativos. Pude observar que em muitos momentos mesmo os sentimentos não desejados podem ser reconstruídos com a finalidade de reforçar o comprometimento do indivíduo com sua prática.
100

Acúmulo e carreamento de poluentes em superfície de estacionamento / Build-up and wash-off of pollutants in surface parking

Pauletti, Luciana Inácio 21 September 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-07T14:06:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Inácio Pauletti - 2012.pdf: 2287630 bytes, checksum: 392dd39420f8918a2239eaf29eea5ee0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-05-07T14:08:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Inácio Pauletti - 2012.pdf: 2287630 bytes, checksum: 392dd39420f8918a2239eaf29eea5ee0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Inácio Pauletti - 2012.pdf: 2287630 bytes, checksum: 392dd39420f8918a2239eaf29eea5ee0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-21 / The stormwater runoff in urban areas is an important source of non-point pollutants. This study aimed to quantify the build-up and wash-off of pollutants, particularly metals, water runoff from a paved surface urban Goiânia. Studies to estimate the processes of build-up and wash-off are still incipient in Brazil. We evaluated twelve plots paved with size of 3m2, located in a public parking lot, where they were analyzed on build-up and wash-off in June and July 2012. To wash-off was used a rainfall simulator in three intensities, 69 mm/h, 109 mm/h and 180 mm/h. Quantitation of accumulation in sampled surfaces determined load per m2 to obtain the coefficient build-up as well as for the analysis of the influence of background dried days before sampling campaigns. The build-up was adjusted at four possible equations for use in models water quality: (1) Linear, (2) Power (3) Exponential, and (4) Michaelis-Menton by obtaining the best fit. The water quality parameters analyzed were used for calculation of Average Concentration Event (CME), building polutogramas, coefficient of wash-off and correlation analyzes. The accumulation rate obtained was, on average, 8.53 g/m2dia, and more days dry, the greater the accumulation of pollutants. Levels of metals were found in all analyzed plots for all simulated events in different periods. There sharp and direct correlation between variables, particularly suspended solids and metals. The intensity of rain on the wash-off was clear, since the simulated rain intensity shifted with greater dirtier. Parameters were obtained for modeling the quality of rainwater. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar o acúmulo (build-up) e carreamento (wash-off) de poluentes, principalmente metais, na água do escoamento de uma superfície pavimentada urbana de Goiânia. Os estudos para estimativa dos processos de build-up e wash-off são ainda insipientes no Brasil. Foram avaliadas doze parcelas experimentais asfaltadas, com dimensão de 3m2, situadas em um estacionamento público, onde foram realizadas as determinações de build-up e wash-off nos meses de junho e julho de 2012. Para wash-off foi utilizado um simulador de chuvas em três intensidades, 69 mm/h, 109 mm/h e 180 mm/h. A quantificação do acúmulo nas superfícies amostradas determinou a carga por m2 para obtenção do coeficiente de build-up, bem como para a análise da influência dos dias secos antecedentes antes das campanhas amostrais. O build-up foi ajustado nas quatro equações: (1)Linear, (2)Potencial, (3)Exponencial, e (4)Michaelis-Menton, com a qual se obteve o melhor ajuste. As análises de qualidade de água de escoamento permitiram o cálculo da Concentração Média do Evento (CME), construção de polutogramas, determinação do coeficiente de wash-off e análises de correlação. A taxa de acúmulo obtida foi, em média, de 8,53g/m2dia, sendo que quanto mais dias secos antecedentes à coleta, maior o acúmulo de poluentes. Foram encontrados metais (cromo, cádmio, cobre, chumbo, níquel, zinco, manganês e ferro) em todas as parcelas experimentais para todos os eventos simulados nos diferentes períodos. Verificou-se correlação direta e acentuada entre as variáveis avaliadas, principalmente entre sólidos suspensos e metais. O efeito da intensidade de chuva sobre o wash-off ficou evidente, visto que as chuvas simuladas com maior intensidade deslocaram mais poluentes. Neste estudo foram obtidos parâmetros para a modelagem da qualidade das águas pluviais.

Page generated in 0.0252 seconds