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Rethinking Rinkeby transforms formalised and separated streets into productive natural spaces. Through engagement and observation on site, this strategy for public space proposes an urban architecture informed by bottoms-up initiatives. Rinkeby, a suburb located in Järva in the North-West of Stockholm, has typically been informed by top-down developments. Through alternative design processes, this degree project aims to improve the expression of identity in the public realm in a predominantly immigrant neighbourhood.

As the scale and scope of infrastructure projects have increased, so too has the array of stakeholders either involved or impacted. Such projects often take years to come together and evolve with time through the actions of project sponsors and the engagement of various stakeholders. Stakeholders through engagement and input can help legitimize and improve large-scale project initiatives. Stakeholders can also marshal opposition that can delay or block these projects. Consequently, the significance of stakeholder involvement is critical in megaprojects. Governments have increasingly utilized public-private partnerships (PPPs) for megaproject delivery. This method introduces characteristics that distinguish PPP megaprojects from others such as: private control, profiteering, foreign profits, and long-term concessions. This study investigates whether differences exist between PPP and non-PPP megaprojects with respect to stakeholder involvement strategies and stakeholder issues raised in such projects. This research employed a longitudinal multiple case study approach that examined four tolled fixed crossing megaprojects; two of them were delivered as PPPs and two were delivered as design-build (i.e. non-PPP). The approach followed the design of prior studies in this area by De Schepper, Dooms, and Haezendonck (2014) and Winn (2001). Pre and post milestone event analysis captured trends and shifts in involvement strategies and stakeholder issues. Subsequently, stakeholder issue tables (organized by issue themes) and stakeholder mechanism tables (organized by mechanism type and information flow) were utilized for across case synthesis and comparison to identify similarities and differences. Analysis of stakeholder involvements across cases showed that NEPA establishes a baseline for involvement, but its requirements are not sufficient for megaprojects; a more comprehensive strategy is necessary. Further, although participatory involvements may be beneficial particularly in complex settings, these mechanisms must be carefully managed in terms of process and criteria for evaluating stakeholder input. Additionally, when private partners/contractors are involved in megaprojects, they become part of the project team and support a coordinated involvement approach. Examination of stakeholder issues indicated that issues that are common to non-PPP and PPP projects are more prevalent than PPP specific issues. In particular, issues related to tolling are dominant; moreover, toll affordability is extremely sensitive, and its severity is predictable based on affected area demographics and past toll escalation practices. The study provided insights about how megaprojects are shaped through actions of project sponsors as well as impacted and interested stakeholders. It also demonstrated how these projects become artifacts of aspiration for politically powerful figures. Lastly, it identified the main stakeholder issues and suggested a set of guidelines to assist future practitioners in developing better stakeholder involvement strategies, which should both enhance and legitimize megaprojects. / Ph. D.

The cyclic trajectory described here exemplifies a loosely defined, continuously evolving set of questions, results, and methodologies that have emerged during the process of design by making. Through a series of prototypical building components and assemblies this collection presents a design process that began with a top-down program-specific design process that informed the development of a unique building system and enabled a bottom up formal exploration. As the design thesis for the first professional Master of Architecture degree, this exploration surrounds the design, fabrication, and deployment of a series of component-based building assemblies. One example, the SEEDS Pavilion At Hawks Ridge, serves as a remote base of operations for a local youth organization that supports field-based environmental education. The pavilion continues an investigation of user assembled construction and is based on a component group that can be assembled on-site by camp children. Each building component was manufactured using on campus fabrication laboratories and was assembled on-site by a group of supervised SEEDS camp student-volunteers during a two-day design-build workshop at the Hawk's Ridge Preserve in Floyd, Virginia. The form of the structure is derived by the limitation of component number, size, and assembly sequence and represents the conflict between a parametrically derived prescriptive shape and the forms that result from the bottom up exploration of the physical system itself. The component-based construction is made possible by a series of nodal linkage assemblies designed to accommodate variations in on-site conditions using a strategic 'sloppy detail' that enables a high degree of assembly and deployment tolerance. The following collection of sequential images outlines construction of several prototypical components and assemblies and is intended to represent a continuance, not an end, to a long-term effort. / Master of Architecture

This thesis investigates a constructive technique, within the materials and methods of conventional practice, which allows for a common building material such as concrete block to carry form and beauty. Furthermore, this project seeks to demonstrate the role human ingenuity, patience, attention, and perception can continue to play in architecture and construction. The project focuses on an experimental wall type consisting of regular eight inch concrete half-block masonry units, stack-bonded in elevation and subtly transformed in plan to reveal a gradual shift of the exposed faces of the units. A wall was constructed at the Building Research and Demonstration Facility to investigate one example of this wall type. / Master of Architecture

No / There is growing demand for cost effective and reliable floating production systems to maximize marginal and new deepwater fields worldwide. Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels are considered to be the most economical and viable options to meet this demand. Yet, FPSO projects are prone to significant cost and schedule growth. On average, FPSOs have been reported to experience a 20% cost growth and are delayed by six months. Overruns and delays represent uncertainties for owners, contractors and financial institutions. In-depth interviews with twenty-three practitioners about their experiences with FPSO projects revealed that rework arising from design and construction errors were major contributors to cost and schedule growth. Key latent conditions contributing to rework are classified according to people, organization and project. Using retrospective sensemaking an examination of the determinant histories in a new build and conversion FPSO that experienced rework was undertaken. The sharing of experience(s) is deemed pivotal for reducing rework in future projects, particularly through the use of communities of practice that are able to stimulate situated learning to take place. A reduction in rework will not only reduce cost and schedule growth, improve operational performance and augment safety.

Upgrading or migrating a build system can be a daunting task. Complete build system migration requires significant effort. To make the process more effective, we automated the first steps of migration, and attempted to analyze the new build results to find anomalies. Our findings show promise for automation as a first step of migration, and we see that automated evaluation could have some potential.

Syfte: Digitalisering av byggbranschen har ökat succesivt de senaste åren i takt med att nya effektiva BIM-verktyg lanseras på marknaden. Med ny teknik effektiviseras föråldrade metoder och kvalitetssäkringen förbättras. BIM som verktyg i produktionsstadiet är ej lika utpräglat som i andra skeden av ett byggprojekt. VVSproduktion överlag präglas av föråldrade metoder och en förnyelse av detta skede ligger i tiden då nya effektiva verktyg utvecklas. BIM360 Build är ett verktyg som är framtaget för att effektivisera byggproduktion. Målet med studien är att genom granskning av utvalda funktioner av BIM360 Build, ge förslag på hur verktyget kan förbättra kvalitetssäkringen, samt att ta fram implementeringsstrategier för verktyget inom VVS-produktion. Metod: Rapporten är en kvalitativ studie med underlag av befintlig forskning inom ämnet. Metoder för insamlad empiri är semistrukturerade intervjuer som utförts på Skanska Sverige AB och Assemblin Ventilation AB samt en dokumentanalys av BIM360 Build. Resultat: Intervjuer på värdföretaget Assemblin Ventilation AB ger en bra inblick i hur ett nationellt stort företag inom ventilationsproduktion arbetar idag. Intervjuer med byggjätten Skanska Sverige AB ger en inblick i hur BIM360 BUILD används efter implementering. Med insamlad empiri kan frågeställningarna besvaras, analyseras och det står klart att BIM-verktyget kan effektivisera många problemområden inom produktionen för Assemblin Vent AB. För en implementering ska lyckas krävs tydliga riktlinjer och strategier från företagsledningen. Konsekvenser: Issues, Cheklist, Equipment och Task är funktioner i BIM360 Build som är ett effektivt verktyg för att öka kvalitetssäkringen inom VVS-produktion. För att säkerställa en effektiv implementering krävs implementeringsstrategier: • Om digitala verktyg som BIM360 Build ska få genomslag krävs det konkreta underlag för att programvaran har fungerat tidigare. • Någon form av expert/support av programmen bör finnas tillgänglig inom organisationen för att underlätta för den äldre generationen. • All personal som ska använda BIM360 Build bör få utbildning om programvaran för att undvika en lång inlärnings- och implementeringsprocess. • En BIM-samordnare bör anställas för att underlätta samordningen i den egna organisationen samt samordningen mellan andra entreprenörer. Begränsningar: Rapporten avgränsas till de fyra funktionerna Issues, Checklist, Euqipment och Task, vilket hanterar avvikelser, egenkontroller, material och delegering av arbetsmoment ute i byggproduktion. Rapporten avgränsar sig till ventilationsbranschen men författarna har förhoppning att resultatet kan generaliseras till övriga installationsgrenar. Nyckelord: kvalitetssäkring, BIM360 Build, implementering, VVS-produktion, digitalisering / Purpose: Digitization of the construction industry has increased successively in recent years as new efficient BIM tools are launched in the market. New technology improves the use of outdated methods and improves quality assurance. BIM as a tool in the production stage is not as pronounced as in the other stages of a construction project. HVAC production, in general, is characterized by outdated methods and a renewal of this stage lies in the time when new efficient tools arrive. BIM360 BUILD is a tool that is designed to make building production more efficient. The aim of the report is to examine the tool BIM360 BUILD and then find out how this tool can increase the quality assurance for HVAC production and to develop implementation strategies. Method: The report is a qualitative study based on existing research within the subject. Methods for collected empirical data are semi-structured interviews conducted at Skanska Sweden AB and Assemblin Ventilation AB and a document analysis of BIM360 Build. Findings: Interviews at the host company Assemblin Ventilation AB provide a good insight into how a nationally large company in ventilation production works today. Interviews with the building giant Skanska Sweden AB gives an insight into how BIM360 BUILD is used after implementation. With collected empirical data, the issues can be analysed, and the BIM tool can streamline many problem areas in the company's production. For an implementation, clear guidelines and strategies are required from management. Implications: Issues, Checklist, Equipment and Task are functions of BIM360 Build which is an effective tool for increasing the quality assurance in HVAC production. Implementation strategies are required to ensure effective implementation: • If digital tools such as BIM360 Build are to be impacted, the proof is required that the software has worked before. • Some form of expert/support of the program should be available within the organization to make it easier for the older generation. • All staff who will use the BIM360 Build should be trained on the software to avoid a lingering learning and implementation process. • A BIM coordinator should be hired to facilitate coordination in their own organization and the coordination between other contractors. Limitations: The report is delimited to the four functions Issues, Checklist, Equipment and Task, which handle deviations, self-checks, materials and delegation of work elements in construction production. The report is limited to the ventilation industry, but the authors hope that the result can be generalized to other installation branches. Keywords: quality assurance, BIM360 Build, implementation, HVAC production, digitization.

<p>The products The Company manufactures are used in an area of the industry where errors leading to a stop in production can be quite expensive. Therefore are testing of the products important and the tests can also give indications about the quality of the products.</p><p>The Company is in a phase where they are developing a new product line to support all existing and future products. In this phase, it was decided that all products will use a common framework for unit testing and a common build system for all products. One part of the thesis was to investigate and evaluate different frameworks for unit testing and tools for a build system. The unit test framework that were evaluated are Cppunit, cfix, NUnit, Boost test library, Unit Testing++ and CxxTest. The result of the evaluation was that CppUnit were recommended. For the build system MSBuild, NAnt, Automated Build Studio and Cruise Control .NET were evaluated. The recommended tools for a build system is MSBuild in combination with Cruise Control .Net if The Company is interested in the functionality Cruise Control .Net has to offer.</p><p>The Company also has an interest in evaluating the current test processes and identify improvements as a part of The Company’ s objective were all products should follow a common test process. In order to identify these improvements a literature study of four test process improvement frameworks (Test Process Improvement, Test Maturity Model Integrated, Minimal Test Practice Framework and Test Improvement Model) were carried out. Out of these four frameworks Test Process Improvement (TPI) were chosen to assist when identifying improvements. With the help of TPI a limited assessment took place to give indications about the test maturity for three of The Company’s products where two of the products had low maturity. Results of the improvement measures can be summed up with the need to harmonize the documents, standardize and document the various processes.</p><p>As a last part of the thesis the possibility to automate testing of two of the products graphical user interfaces with the program Test Complete were investigated. For one of the products the result was that it worked satisfactorily and for the other product it did not work at all. This resulted in recommendations for how The Company should proceed with automated testing of the graphical user interface.</p> / <p>De produkter som företaget tillverkar används i huvudsak inom ett område av branschen där fel som leder till stopp i produktionen kan vara ganska dyrt. Detta gör testning av produkterna viktiga och tester kan också ge indikationer om kvaliteten på produkterna.</p><p>Företaget är i en fas där man utvecklar en ny produktlinje som ska stödja alla befintliga och framtida produkter. I denna fas har man beslutat att alla produkterna ska använda ett gemensant ramverk för enhetstestning och även använda ett gemensamt byggsystem för samtliga produkter. En del av examensarbetet var att undersöka och utvärdera olika ramverk för enhets testning och verktyg för byggsystem. De ramverk som utvärderades var CppUnit, cfix, NUnit, Boost test library, unitTest++ och CxxTest. Utvärderingen ledde fram till att CppUnit rekommenderades till företaget. Verktyg som utvärderades för byggsystem var MSBuild, NAnt, Automated Build Studio och Cruise Control .Net. För byggsystem rekommenderas MSBuild i kombination med Cruise Control .Net ifall företaget är intresserade av den extra funktionalitet som Cruise Control .Net har att erbjuda.</p><p>Företaget har även ett intresse av att utvärdera den nuvarande testprocessen och identifiera förbättringar som ett led i att befintliga produkter skall följa en gemensam testprocess. För att kunna identifiera dessa förbättringar utfördes en litteraturstudie över fyra stycken test process förbättrings ramverk (Test Process Improvent, Test Maturity Model integrated, Minimal Test Practice Framework och Test Improvement Model). Utav dessa fyra ramverk så valdes Test Process Improvement (TPI) ut som en hjälp för att identifiera förbättringar. Med hjälp av TPI utfördes en begränsad bedömning av företagets mogenhetsgrad på tre produkter, där två av produkterna har en låg mogenhetsgrad. Resultat av förbättringsåtgärderna kan sammanfattas med att man bör harmonisera dokument, standardisera och dokumentera olika processer.</p><p>Som en sista del i examensarbetet så utvärderades möjligheten att automatisera testning på två av produkternas grafiska användargränssnitt med programmet TestComplete. För en av produkterna blev resultatet att det fungerade tillfredställande och för den andra produkten så fungerade det inte alls. Resultatet blev rekommendationer för hur företaget borde gå vidare med automatisering av testnig på det grafiska användargränssnittet.</p>