Calculated and measured energy in residential buildings is going to differ. The reason to this may be due to many factors. In this study there is a study on how these factors affect the energy use in a building. To get an insight in what defines energy, there is first a description of energy supply both worldwide and used in Sweden, followed by a description of the energy balance. In this study energy will be studied in residential buildings only. Laws are applied to the energy use in buildings and how they should be handled. There are laws regarding a maximum use of energy in buildings in different climate zones. In this study some of the factors that affect the energy use are listed and described. It takes into account both structural engineering, installation, technical and user behavioral factors. Out of these one interesting factor, which usually isn’t calculated for, will be chosen and further looked in to.The project will be carried out with different calculations on heat losses from heat water circulations in a residential building with nine floors all together, including a cellar, and 23 apartments. It will be calculated for how much energy is used with these heath losses. The first calculation is done on a standard thermal insulation with the standard gauge appropriate for each pipe size. To execute the calculation AMA 98 will be applied. In the followed study there will be a calculation on how much energy is saved if the thermal insulation is thicker. Another study will be calculated for if there is a different type of insulation used, and in this case vacuum insulation, which has a much better thermal insulation than the standard one. Due to the fact that the thermal insulation is better, there will be a study in what happens with the energy use when a different insulation thickness is used. A comparison is made with the heath losses from the hot water in the same circuit

There is a lot going on in the construction business right now. It feels like everywhere you turn there is a building sight. Furthermore the business is heading a generation change and the need of recruiting new construction engineers is huge. How is the business going to handle the transition that they are facing? The question has been in progress for at while and I wanted to find out what the current students feel about taking the step into the working life and replace the veterans.A research is made about student’s opinion about their education and future work life. The study is performed on upper class students on selected schools and managers that have been working for maximum three years. Interviews are also performed on education officers and Peab.Some of the most obvious observations are concerning the states of courses and lecturers and also wishes for more contact between companies and both students and schools.

QC 20110616

QC 20110616

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This report is focusing upon relining from a client’s point of view. Potential buyers are given a presentation of the different methods available today together with a general briefing describing the process. An important part of this report are the interviews that took place with already established customers. Property owners, managers, pipe cleaners, and project managers whom all been in contact with relining have answered the questions given along with their own thoughts and have also given recommendations of other persons to talk to. Information has also been given the report through literature studies, fieldtrips, and meetings with some relining companies. The results presented in this report shows the relining industry to have satisfied customers, companies being very service minded, and that relining is a method worth considering if you´re in the need of taking care of old pipes. Relining your pipes is shown to be a very good environmental choice even though choosing a method containing epoxy with Bisphenol A. As a conclusion this report describes how relining can benefit to great savings, is an environmental good choice, and many times a quick and easy alternative to a traditional change of pipes. Overall there are three cases where relining is a good choice. 1. If there is an acute leakage on the pipes that can’t be solved quickly in any other way. 2. If the apartment already has a recently renovated bathroom and the floor drain and sealing layer is in good shape. 3. In places where it would be very expensive or almost impossible to change pipes or if the building contains businesses vulnerable to disturbance.

No description available.

The construction industry accounts for a large part of Sweden's greenhouse gas emissions and needs to decrease for a greener future according to the Sweden’s part in EU: s climate goals. The construction industry accounts for 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions, of which carbon dioxide embraces 70%. The choice of material when building a family house has a major impact on the total carbon dioxide emission for the building therefore, this study examines carbon dioxide emissions of different frame materials of newly built family houses. The different frameworks that are analyzed in this study are wood, concrete and steel, because they are the most common materials when building a family house in the northern countries. In order to map the carbon dioxide impact of the various frame materials, a literature review of existing life cycle analysis will be implemented. The choice of doing a literature review is based on the large amount of previous research works on the carbon dioxide emissions of the frame materials. To present the results, a sample wall is applied. The width and height of the sample wall is one meter while the depth varies for different materials. The sample wall is designed with the intention to visualize the results in the unit “kg CO2/m3”. The study also includes interviews with manufacturers of family houses with the aim of knowing the construction industry`s views of the choice of the frame material with regard to its carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that there is a major difference in carbon dioxide emissions of the frame materials. The wooden frame with a stud dimension 220x45 mm has a carbon dioxide emission of 81 kg CO2/m3. The steel frame with a stud dimension 195x4 mm has a carbon dioxide emission of 209 kg CO2/m3. Finally, the concrete framewith the thickness 150 mm has a carbon dioxide emission of 602 kg CO2/m3. The conclusion is that the wooden frame has the least carbon dioxide emission, which makes it the most environmentally friendly of all the three frame materials. The interviews also show that the wooden frame is the most advantageous when building a new family house. Some companies motivate their choice of wooden framebased on its bright future, while others consider it to be more efficient from the cost and use perspectives. / Byggbranschen står idag för en stor del av Sveriges växthusgasutsläpp och har målet att minska dessa för en grönare framtid i och med Sveriges del av EU:s klimatmål. Byggbranschen står för 20 % av de totala växthusgasutsläppen, varav koldioxid innefattar 70 % av dessa. Materialval vid byggande av småhus har en stor påverkan på byggnadens totala koldioxidutsläpp, vilket leder till att denna studie undersöker alternativa stommaterials koldioxidutsläpp för nybyggda småhus. Stommaterialen som analyseras är trä, betong och stål då dessa vanligtvis förekommer vid byggande av småhus i Norden. För att kartlägga de olika stommaterialens koldioxidpåverkan genomförs en litteraturöversikt av tidigare utförda livscykelanalyser. Valet att genomföra en litteraturöversikt baseras på den stora mängden av tidigare forskning på stommaterialens koldioxidutsläpp. För att presentera stommaterialens koldioxidpåverkan tillämpas en typvägg för vardera material. Typväggens bredd och höjd är en meter medan djupet varierar för de olika materialen. Typväggen utformades med avsikten att presentera resultatet av stommarnas koldioxidutsläpp i enheten “kg CO2/m3”. Studien innehåller även intervjuer med småhustillverkare med syftet att ta del av byggbranschens syn på val av stommaterial med avseende på dess koldioxidutsläpp. Resultatet påvisar de olika stommaterialens stora skillnader i koldioxidutsläpp. Trästommen med regeldimensionen 220x45 har ett koldioxidutsläpp på 81 kg CO2/m3. Stålstommen med regeldimensionen 195x4 har ett koldioxidutsläpp på 209 kg CO2/m3. Slutligen har betongstommen med tjockleken 150 mm ett koldioxidutsläpp på 602 kg CO2/m3. Slutsatsen blir då att trästommen är den med minst koldioxidutsläpp, vilket gör den till den miljövänligaste av de tre olika stommaterialen. Intervjuerna påvisar även att trästommen är den mest fördelaktiga vid uppförandet av ett nytt småhus. Vissa företag motiverar valet av trästomme baserat på träets ljusa framtid medan andra anser det vara effektivast ur ett kostnads- och användningsperspektiv.