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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The disruption of serial recall by irrelevant sound : studies of dose and similarity

Bridges, Andrew M. January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
2

The influence of subliminal crosstalk in dementia narratives

Chatwin, John, Capstick, Andrea 06 September 2017 (has links)
Yes / Ethnographic audio-visual research data recorded in a busy dementia care environment were initially considered to be ‘contaminated’ by unwanted background noise. This included a variety of elements: ambient sound, mechanical noise, non-narrative vocalisation and narrative fragments from parallel conversation. Using the methodological lens of conversation analysis, we present an exploration of the striking temporal and sequential resonances between the narrative of one man with dementia and a group of care staff holding a separate conversation some distance away. We suggest that in this and similar settings, where random and intrusive background sounds and conversation form a ubiquitous backdrop, the presence of such ‘noise’ can have a detectable influence on the content and direction of situated narratives. We argue that rather than attempting to filter out these apparently intrusive sounds from micro-interactional data, interference elements can usefully be incorporated into the analysis of interactions.
3

The Amount and Direction of Change of Background Noise as a Conditioned Stimulus

Hilton, Anthony 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis is concerned with intensity characteristics of conditioned stimuli in acquisition of a conditioned emotional response (CER) in rats. A comparison was made of CSs which differed (between groups) with respect to amount and direction of change in white noise from a constant background stimulation level. The measure of conditioning was the degree to which the CS disrupted ongoing, food-motivated, bar-pressing activity. The major findings were (1) that rate of conditioning was a monotonic increasing function of amount of intensity change in either direction; and (2) an increase in noise intensity from background X to CS Y produced more rapid acquisition of the CER than did a decrease from background Y to CS X. (3) During pretests, a noise increase produced a small, but reliable, Increase in rate of bar-pressing, while a noise decrease produced a slight suppression. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)
4

The design and implementation of a microcomputer controlled CCD clock driver

Pai, Joseph Yuh-Shan January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
5

Background Noise Reduction in Wind Tunnels using Adaptive Noise Cancellation and Cepstral Echo Removal Techniques for Microphone Array Applications

Spalt, Taylor B. 17 August 2010 (has links)
Two experiments were conducted to investigate Adaptive Noise Cancelling and Cepstrum echo removal post-processing techniques on acoustic data from a linear microphone array in an anechoic chamber. A point source speaker driven with white noise was used as the primary signal. The first experiment included a background speaker to provide interference noise at three different Signal-to-Noise Ratios to simulate noise propagating down a wind tunnel circuit. The second experiment contained only the primary source and the wedges were removed from the floor to simulate reflections found in a wind tunnel environment. The techniques were applicable to both signal microphone and array analysis. The Adaptive Noise Cancellation proved successful in its task of removing the background noise from the microphone signals at SNRs as low as -20 dB. The recovered signals were then used for array processing. A simulation reflection case was analyzed with the Cepstral technique. Accurate removal of the reflection effects was achieved in recovering both magnitude and phase of the direct signal. Experimental data resulted in Cepstral features that caused errors in phase accuracy. A simple phase correction procedure was proposed for this data, but in general it appears that the Cepstral technique is and would be not well suited for all experimental data. / Master of Science
6

Quelle prédictibilité pour les éruptions volcaniques ? De l'échelle mondiale au Piton de la Fournaise / How predictable are the volcano eruptions? from global scale to Piton de la Fournaise volcano.

Schmid, Agathe 20 October 2011 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse a porté sur différents aspects de la prédiction des éruptions. La première partie, basée sur une approche statistique de l'information, nous a permis d'aborder la prédictabilité des éruptions de façon globale, et d'avoir une vision intégrée, à différentes échelles, de la dynamique éruptive. La dernière partie basée sur une approche déterministe du signal, nous a emmené de façon plus indirecte vers la prédiction des éruptions par le biais de l'analyse et la modélisation des comportements éruptifs d'un unique volcan à travers la sismicité. Ce travail de thèse nous a donc permis de traverser plusieurs échelles de temps et d'espace, en partant de la plus large, la Terre dans sa globalité, pour se concentrer ensuite sur le cas d'un volcan unique, le Piton de la Fournaise et finalement se focaliser sur une propriété spécifique de la sismicité du Piton de la Fournaise à travers la détermination des mécanismes source. Dans un premier temps, une analyse descriptive des propriétés statistiques de la dynamique éruptive à l'échelle mondiale et l'apparition de lois puissances à différentes échelles nous ont permis de relier la dynamique des éruptions à celle d'un système critique auto-organisé, justifiant de la difficulté rencontrée à prédire les éruptions de façon déterministe et de la nécessité de se tourner vers les méthodes statistiques. L'étude à l'échelle mondiale des lois d'Omori retrouvées pour la sismicité autour des éruptions, ainsi que l'analyse des propriétés de ces lois d'Omori en fonction de la taille des éruptions, suggèrent que l'énergie d'endommagement et de relaxation dans la croûte est distribuée en loi puissance autour des éruptions, mais avec des coefficients de chargement et de relaxation différents de la sismicité tectonique classique, et donc dépendant des processus qui génèrent l'endommagement. En zoomant sur trois observables du Piton de la Fournaise (sismicité, déformation et variations de vitesse sismique), nous avons montré que les comportement respectifs des observables imagent les différentes étapes du processus éruptif, pour différentes échelles de temps et d'espace. L'analyse des comportements pré-éruptifs et l'utilisation de méthodes de "pattern recognition" ont permis de mettre en évidence l'apport de la combinaison des informations des différents précurseurs dans l'amélioration des résultats de prédiction. Enfin, l'analyse plus spécifique et déterministe des mécanismes source au Piton de la Fournaise, à partir d'une méthode développée pour le contexte particulier d'une sismicité de magnitude très faible en milieu fortement hétérogène, a permis de mettre en évidence l'apparition de trois familles d'événements similaires. Deux de ces familles peuvent être interprétées comme l'ajustement du milieu au passage du dyke, la troisième famille correspondant à la signature de l'interaction entre les fluides et l'édifice volcanique au niveau du toit de la chambre magmatique. / This PhD work focused on several aspects of the eruptions prediction. It allowed us to consider different space scales from global scale to a single volcano, Piton de la Fournaise, through statistical approaches. We then focused more specifically on the volcano-seismicity associated to its eruptive processes, using deterministic methods. First, we analyzed the statistical properties of the eruptive dynamics at the global scale. The emergence of recurrent power laws allowed us to relate the eruptive dynamics to the SOC systems, thereby attesting for the difficulty to predict eruptions by means of deterministic methods. At the global scale, the study of the Omori-law found for eruptions foreshocks and aftershocks, along with the analysis of the parameters of those Omori laws given the size of eruptions, suggests that the damage and relaxation energy in the crust around eruption time and location is power-law distributed. However, the loading and relaxation coefficients are found different than for classical tectonic seismicity, thereby attesting their dependency to the damage processes. When zooming on three observables of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (seismicity, deformation and seismic velocity changes), me showed in a third part that the respective behaviors of the three observables respond to the different steps of the eruptive process, at different time and space scales. The analysis of the pre-eruptive behaviors of those forerunners under pattern recognition techniques enhanced the optimization of the prediction results by combining simultaneously their pre-eruptive information. Lastly, we performed a specific and deterministic study of the volcano-tectonic seismicity of Piton de la Fournaise through the assessment of the source mechanisms of the volcano-tectonic seismicity. Given the complexity of volcanic context, we developed a method to retrieve the source mechanisms of small and high-frequency seismic signals. Using this method three main families of events with different locations and times of occurrence emerge. Two of them may be interpreted as the readjustment of the crust during dyke opening whereas the third family is interpreted as the signature of fluids-rock interactions at the top of the magma Storage zone.
7

Utilisation du bruit sismique ambiant dans le suivi temporel de structures géologiques / Monitoring slight mechanical changes using seismic background noise.

Froment, Bérénice 15 November 2011 (has links)
La technique des corrélations de bruit ambiant est aujourd'hui largement utilisée en sismologie. Elle présente l'avantage essentiel de fournir des données qui ne dépendent pas de l'occurrence des séismes. Cette technique a été utilisée pour imager avec une bonne résolution la croûte dans plusieurs régions du monde. Depuis plus récemment, les corrélations de bruit sont également utilisées pour détecter des variations des propriétés élastiques de la croûte terrestre, et suivre l'évolution temporelle de structures géologiques potentiellement dangereuses. Dans ce contexte, mon travail de thèse a consisté en deux parties principales : 1/ Une étude méthodologique pour améliorer la qualité des mesures sur les corrélations de bruit. La distribution des sources de bruit empêche généralement la reconstruction parfaite de la fonction de Green dans les corrélations de bruit, pouvant introduire des biais dans les mesures basées sur le bruit sismique ambiant. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit deux approches différentes pour essayer d'éliminer l'influence des sources de bruit dans nos mesures. 2/ Une étude de suivi temporel dans la province du Sichuan (Chine), autour du séisme du Wenchuan (12 mai 2008, Mw = 7.9). Cette application offre des conditions exceptionnelles à une application de suivi temporel, avec l'étude d'un très puissant séisme continental et un très grand nombre de données. Nous nous sommes en particulier intéressés au comportement de la croûte à différentes profondeurs, en réponse au séisme. Nous présentons également une méthode d'inversion pour localiser les variations dans le milieu. / The ambient noise correlation technique is now widely used in seismology. It is especially useful since data provided do not depend on the occurrence of earthquakes. This technique has been used to construct high-resolution tomographic images of the crust in various regions of the world. More recently, ambient noise correlations have been used to detect changes in elastic properties of the Earth's crust, and monitor the temporal evolution of potentially dangerous geological structures. In this scientific context, my research work has consisted of two main parts : 1/A methodological study to improve the quality of noise-based measurements. Usually, the distribution of noise sources prevents the exact reconstruction of the Green's function in noise correlations, that may introduce bias in noise-based measurements. We propose here two different approaches that can help in suppressing noise source influence in measurements. 2/A monitoring case study in Sichuan (China), associated with the Wenchuan earthquake (12 May 2008, Mw = 7.9). This case study provides many opportunities, with the study of a great continental earthquake and a large amount of data available. We especially investigated the behavior of the crust at different depths, in response to the Wenchuan earthquake.We also present an inversion method in order to locate variations in the medium.
8

Investigation of noise in hospital emergency departments

Mahapatra, Arun Kiran 08 November 2011 (has links)
The hospital sound environment is complex. Emergency Departments (EDs), in particular, have proven to be hectic work environments populated with diverse sound sources. Medical equipment, alarms, and communication events generate noise that can interfere with staff concentration and communication. In this study, sound measurements and analyses were conducted in six hospitals total: three civilian hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia and Dublin, Ohio, as well as three Washington, DC-area hospitals in the Military Health System (MHS). The equivalent, minimum, and maximum sound pressure levels were recorded over twenty-four hours in several locations in each ED, with shorter 15-30 minute measurements performed in other areas. Acoustic descriptors, such as spectral content, level distributions, and speech intelligibility were examined. The perception of these acoustic qualities by hospital staff was also evaluated through subjective surveys. It was found that noise levels in both work areas and patient rooms were excessive. Additionally, speech intelligibility measurements and survey results show that background noise presents a significant obstacle in effective communication between staff members and patients. Compared to previous studies, this study looks at a wider range of acoustic metrics and the corresponding perceptions of staff in order to form a more precise and accurate depiction of the ED sound environment.
9

Codage des sons dans le nerf auditif en milieu bruyant : taux de décharge versus information temporel / Sound coding in the auditory nerve : rate vs timing

Huet, Antoine 14 December 2016 (has links)
Contexte : Les difficultés de compréhension de la parole dans le bruit représente la principale plainte des personnes malentendantes. Cependant, peu d’études se sont intéressées aux mécanismes d’encodage des sons en environnement bruyant. Ce faisant, nos travaux ont portés sur les stratégies d’encodage des sons dans le nerf auditif dans environnements calme et bruyant en combinant des techniques électrophysiologiques et comportementales chez la gerbille.Matériel et méthodes : L’enregistrement unitaire de fibres du nerf auditif a été réalisé en réponse à des bouffées tonales présentées dans un environnement silencieux ou en présence d’une bruit de fond continu large bande. Les seuils audiométriques comportementaux ont été mesurés dans les mêmes conditions acoustiques, par une approche basée sur l’inhibition du reflex acoustique de sursaut.Résultats : Les données unitaires montrent que la cochlée utilise 2 stratégies d’encodage complémentaires. Pour des sons de basse fréquence (<3,6 kHz), la réponse en verrouillage de phase des fibres de l’apex assure un encodage fiable et robuste du seuil auditif. Pour des sons plus aigus (>3,6 kHz), la cochlée utilise une stratégie basée sur le taux de décharge ce qui requiert une plus grande diversité fonctionnelle de fibres dans la partie basale de la cochlée. Les seuils auditifs comportementaux obtenus dans les mêmes conditions de bruit se superposent parfaitement au seuil d’activation des fibres validant ainsi les résultats unitaires.Conclusion : Ce travail met en évidence le rôle capital de l’encodage en verrouillage de phase chez des espèces qui vocalisent au-dessous de 3 kHz, particulièrement en environnement bruyant. Par contre, l’encodage de fréquences plus aiguës repose sur le taux de décharge. Ce résultat met l’accent sur la difficulté d’extrapoler des résultats obtenus sur des modèles murins qui communique dans les hautes fréquences (> à 4 kHz) à l’homme dont le langage se situe entre 0,3 et 3 kHz. / Background: While hearing problems in noisy environments are the main complaints of hearing-impaired people, only few studies focused on cochlear encoding mechanisms in such environments. By combining electrophysiological experiments with behavioral ones, we studied the sound encoding strategies used by the cochlea in a noisy background.Material and methods: Single unit recordings of gerbil auditory nerve were performed in response to tone bursts, presented at characteristic frequencies, in a quiet environment and in the presence of a continuous broadband noise. The behavioral audiogram was measured in the same conditions, with a method based on the inhibition of the acoustic startle response.Results: Single unit data shows that the cochlea used 2 complementary strategies to encode sound. For low frequency sounds (<3.6 kHz), the phase-locked response from the apical fibers ensure a reliable and robust encoding of the auditory threshold. For high frequencies sounds, basal fibers use a strategy based on the discharge rate, which requires a larger heterogeneity of fibers at the base of the cochlea. The behavioral audiogram measured in the same noise condition overlaps perfectly with the fibers’ threshold. This result validates our predictions made from the single fiber recordings.Conclusion: This work highlights the major role of the phase locked neuronal response for animal species that vocalize below 3 kHz (as human), especially in noisy backgrounds. At the opposite, high frequency sound encoding is based on rate information. This result emphasizes the difficulty to transpose results from murine model which communicate in the high frequencies (> 4 kHz) to human whose language is between 0.3 and 3 kHz.
10

Bakgrundsljud: påverkan på den mentala arbetsbelastningen

Hedlund, Amanda January 2021 (has links)
Den fysiska arbetsmiljön är viktig för hälsan. Den kontorstypen vi arbetar i har en betydande påverkan på individen. Vi vet idag att buller, speciellt över en längre tid bidrar till negativa hälsoeffekter. Trots det utformar vi kontor med öppnare landskap där arbetstagare inte kan kontrollera bakgrundsljudet. Den här studien genomförs i en kontrollerad miljö med syfte att synliggöra hur det kan vara att arbeta i ett öppet kontorslandskap och i ett vanligt kontor. Studien mäter både upplevd och observerad arbetsbelastning, samt hur dessa skiljer sig åt i en tyst miljö och en miljö med bakgrundsljud. I experimentet använde vi oss av eye-tracking utrustning för att mäta pupillutvidgning, vilket kan ha ett samband med ökad mental arbetsbelastning. GSR-utrustning användes för att mäta känslosvall och deltagarnas upplevda arbetsbelastning mättes med hjälp av en NASA-TLX enkät. Resultatet visar att miljön med bakgrundsljud upplevdes störande under hela testet. Skillnader i pupillstorleken visade på en ökad mental arbetsbelastning när det fanns ljud i bakgrunden, men bara på de tester som innehöll en läsuppgift. Om arbetsbelastningen blir för hög, kan det enligt tidigare forskning, leda till en negativ påverkan på en persons hälsa. / The physical work environment is important for your health. The type of office we work in have a significant impact on the individual. We know today that noise, especially over a longer period of time contribute to negative health effects. Despite this we continue designing offices with open landscape where workers cannot control the background noise. This study is conducted in a controlled environment with the intention to get a view how it might be to work in an open landscape office and in a regular office. The study measure both perceived and observed mental load, and how these differ in a quiet environment and an environment with background noise. In the experiment we used eye-tracking equipment to measure pupil dilation, which may be associated with increased mental load. GSR-equipment was used to measure emotional arousal and participants perceived workload was measured using a NASA-TLX questionnaire. The result shows that the environment with background noise was experienced as disturbing throughout the test. Differences in pupil dilation showed an increased mental workload when there was sound in the background, but only on the tests that contained a reading task. If the workload becomes too high, it can, according to previous research, lead to a negative impact on a person’s health.

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