Based on the authors' Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1941. / In: Journal of endodontia. -- Vol. 3, no. 1 (Jan. 1948). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1965.

Lui Yuk Sun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Abberviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.xiv / List of Figures --- p.xvi / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Bacteriological evaluation of water --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Indicator organisms for water quality monitoring --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Properties defined for indicator organisms --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Example of common indicator organisms --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3.1. --- Total coliform group --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3.2. --- "Fecal coliform, Escherichia coli" --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3.3. --- Fecal Streptococcus --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3.4. --- Klebsiella --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2. --- The need for specific detection of waterborne pathogenic organisms --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3. --- Common water-borne pathogenic organisms --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Bacteria --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1.1. --- Escherichia coli 0157:H7 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1.2. --- Salmonella typhimurium --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Legionella pneumophila --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Protozoa --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Viruses --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4. --- Conventional approaches for pathogens detection --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Examples of conventional detection methods --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Problems related to the conventional detection methods --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5. --- Novel approaches for pathogens detection --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Modifications of media --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Antibody-based methods --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5.3. --- Nucleic acid-based methods --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6. --- Principles of pathogens concentration by filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7. --- Principles of pathogens detection by polymerase chain reaction --- p.24 / Chapter 1.8. --- Principles of quantitative assay of water-borne pathogens using real-time PCR --- p.26 / Chapter 1.9. --- Aims of this study --- p.28 / Chapter 2. --- Detection of water-borne bacteria by polymerase chain reaction --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bacterial strains --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Bacterial enumeration --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- DNA extraction and purification --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3.1. --- Boiling method --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3.2. --- Protinesae K extraction method --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3.3. --- Chelex extraction method --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Targeted sequences --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4.1. --- eaeA gene --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4.2. --- mdh gene --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.4.3. --- flaR gene --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.5. --- PCR amplification --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.6. --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3. --- Results --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Optimization of the PCR --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Sensitivity of PCR detection --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Boiling method --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.2.2. --- Proteinease K method --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2.3. --- Chelex method --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Specificity of PCR detection --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.3.1. --- primers targeted uidA gene --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.3.2. --- primers targeted mdh gene --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.3.3. --- primers targeted flaR gene --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4. --- Discussion --- p.57 / Chapter 3. --- Concentration and separation of water-borne bacteria by two-step-filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Bacterial strains --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Bacterial enumeration --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Filtration --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.4. --- Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.1. --- Antibodies and Magnetic beads --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.2. --- Binding of antibodies to magnetic beads --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4.3. --- Immunomagnetic separation of bacteria in seeded samples --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.5. --- Determine the efficiency of filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.6. --- DNA extraction --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.7. --- Multiplex PCR --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.8. --- PCR amplification --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.9. --- Gel electrophoresis --- p.72 / Chapter 3.3. --- Results --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Efficiency of filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Detection limit of PCR --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2.1. --- Filtration and immunomagnetic separation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2.2. --- Influence of background flora --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Shing Mun River and Lam Tsuen River --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Multiplex PCR --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4. --- Discussion --- p.91 / Chapter 4. --- Quantitative assay of water-borne pathogens using real-time PCR --- p.94 / Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Bacteria strains --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Bacterial enumeration --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Primers and Probes --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.3.1. --- eaeA gene --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3.2. --- mdh gene --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2.3.3. --- flaR gene --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2.4. --- Targeted sequences cloning and sequencing --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.4.1. --- Amplication of targeted sequence by PCR --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.4.2. --- Purification of PCR product --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.4.3. --- Ligation with cloning vector --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.4.4. --- Transformation of E.coli DH5a cells --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.4.5. --- Plasmid DNA isolation --- p.106 / Chapter 4.2.4.6. --- DNA quantitation and sequencing --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.5. --- Quantitation determination using real-time PCR --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3. --- Results --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Determination of targeted sequences --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Reading of fluorescence intensity and data analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Sensitivity of real-time PCR --- p.114 / Chapter 4.3.4. --- Specificity of real-time PCR --- p.121 / Chapter 4.3.5. --- Quantitation analysis in seeded samples --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4. --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and future perspectives --- p.133 / Chapter 6. --- References --- p.138

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1938.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1938.

A leptospirose é uma zoonose de importância mundial causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira. No Brasil, a maioria dos casos é causada por L. interrogans sorovar Copenhageni. O objetivo destre trabalho foi identificar adesinas de leptospira pela técnica de Phage display. Bibliotecas com fragmentos genômicos resultaram na idendificação de ligantes de leptospira com afinidade por tecidos de hamster. Uma varredura dessas bibliotecas contra heparan sulfato proteoglicano (HSPG) identificou como ligantes as proteínas LigA e LigB. Proteínas recombinantes foram produzidas e submetidas à ligação às células de mamíferos e aos componentes de matriz extracelular. LigB recombinante foi capaz de se ligar ao HSPG, à heparina e às células de mamíferos. HSPG e heparina foram capazes de reduzir significativamente a interação dessa proteína com as células. Estes resultados evidenciam o papel de proteínas da leptospira na sua interação com o hospedeiro e ilustram a possibilidade do uso da técnica de phage display para identificar possíveis adesinas. / Leptospirosis is a worldwide important zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In Brazil, most cases is caused by L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Our goal was to identify leptospiras adhesins by phage display technique. Libraries of genomic fragments resulted in the identification of ligands with affinity for leptospiras hamster tissues. Screening these libraries against heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) identified the proteins LigA and LigB. Recombinant proteins were produced and subjected to binding to mammalian cells and extracellular matrix components. LigB recombinant was able to bind to HSPG, heparin and mammalian cells. HSPG and heparin were able to significantly reduce the interaction of this protein with cells. These results highlight the role of leptospiras proteins in its interaction with the host and illustrate the possibility of the use of phage display technique to identify potential adhesins.

A leptospirose é uma zoonose de importância mundial causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira. No Brasil, a maioria dos casos é causada por L. interrogans sorovar Copenhageni. O objetivo destre trabalho foi identificar adesinas de leptospira pela técnica de Phage display. Bibliotecas com fragmentos genômicos resultaram na idendificação de ligantes de leptospira com afinidade por tecidos de hamster. Uma varredura dessas bibliotecas contra heparan sulfato proteoglicano (HSPG) identificou como ligantes as proteínas LigA e LigB. Proteínas recombinantes foram produzidas e submetidas à ligação às células de mamíferos e aos componentes de matriz extracelular. LigB recombinante foi capaz de se ligar ao HSPG, à heparina e às células de mamíferos. HSPG e heparina foram capazes de reduzir significativamente a interação dessa proteína com as células. Estes resultados evidenciam o papel de proteínas da leptospira na sua interação com o hospedeiro e ilustram a possibilidade do uso da técnica de phage display para identificar possíveis adesinas. / Leptospirosis is a worldwide important zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In Brazil, most cases is caused by L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Our goal was to identify leptospiras adhesins by phage display technique. Libraries of genomic fragments resulted in the identification of ligands with affinity for leptospiras hamster tissues. Screening these libraries against heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) identified the proteins LigA and LigB. Recombinant proteins were produced and subjected to binding to mammalian cells and extracellular matrix components. LigB recombinant was able to bind to HSPG, heparin and mammalian cells. HSPG and heparin were able to significantly reduce the interaction of this protein with cells. These results highlight the role of leptospiras proteins in its interaction with the host and illustrate the possibility of the use of phage display technique to identify potential adhesins.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_d_me_araca.pdf: 985135 bytes, checksum: 3aa44a75a9180f7b89be1f30675f165b (MD5) / A Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) é uma doença crônica contagiosa, causada pela Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis que acomete ovinos e caprinos acarretando perdas econômicas importantes. O diagnóstico é baseado no cultivo e identificação bioquímica, no entanto a fase subclínica e/ou visceral requerem métodos alternativos para sua detecção. Apesar dos métodos de diagnóstico já existentes, raramente pesquisas investigaram a utilização de material proveniente de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) de linfonodo de ovinos aplicadas a outras técnicas de diagnóstico. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade de métodos de diagnóstico para LC em ovinos sintomáticos (n=26) e assintomáticos (n=129), utilizando material colhido através de PAAF de linfonodo. As técnicas basearam-se na amplificação por PCR do gene alvo pld (fosfolipase D), no cultivo bacteriano associado a identificação bioquímica, no citodiagnóstico, bem como na pesquisa do agente etiológico. O teste sorológico por ELISA indireto foi adaptado para a espécie ovina. As amostras clínicas recuperadas da PAAF forneceram material adequado e suficiente para realização dos testes propostos, implementando a rotina do diagnóstico para LC. Dentre os métodos testados, o ELISA e a PCR foram os que apresentaram maior sensibilidade (92%). A maior especificidade foi verificada no cultivo bacteriano (98%), seguido do exame citológico (94%). / Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is considered a cronic contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis affecting sheep and goats causing economical losses. The diagnostic is based on microorganism culture and respective identification. However no clinical and/ or visceral cases need alternative methods for detection. In spite of a range of diagnostic methods, few studies demonstrate the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods for CL in symptomatic (n=26) and asymptomatic (n=129) sheeps, using specimes collected from lymph nodes by FNAB assay. These techniques were performed using PCR targeting the pld gene (phospholipase D), on biochemical identification and culture, cytodiagnostic searching the aetiological agent. The serologic test of ELISA method was also applied in all ovine sera. Clinical samples recovered in FNAB given suitable and enough samples to perform the identification of C. pseudotuberculosis, implementing CL diagnostics. Among all techniques used here, ELISA and PCR demonstrated higher sensitivity (92%), whereas microorganism culture (98%) and cytodiagnostic (94%) presented higher specificity.

Resumo: A Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) é uma doença crônica contagiosa, causada pela Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis que acomete ovinos e caprinos acarretando perdas econômicas importantes. O diagnóstico é baseado no cultivo e identificação bioquímica, no entanto a fase subclínica e/ou visceral requerem métodos alternativos para sua detecção. Apesar dos métodos de diagnóstico já existentes, raramente pesquisas investigaram a utilização de material proveniente de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) de linfonodo de ovinos aplicadas a outras técnicas de diagnóstico. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade de métodos de diagnóstico para LC em ovinos sintomáticos (n=26) e assintomáticos (n=129), utilizando material colhido através de PAAF de linfonodo. As técnicas basearam-se na amplificação por PCR do gene alvo pld (fosfolipase D), no cultivo bacteriano associado a identificação bioquímica, no citodiagnóstico, bem como na pesquisa do agente etiológico. O teste sorológico por ELISA indireto foi adaptado para a espécie ovina. As amostras clínicas recuperadas da PAAF forneceram material adequado e suficiente para realização dos testes propostos, implementando a rotina do diagnóstico para LC. Dentre os métodos testados, o ELISA e a PCR foram os que apresentaram maior sensibilidade (92%). A maior especificidade foi verificada no cultivo bacteriano (98%), seguido do exame citológico (94%). / Abstract: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is considered a cronic contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis affecting sheep and goats causing economical losses. The diagnostic is based on microorganism culture and respective identification. However no clinical and/ or visceral cases need alternative methods for detection. In spite of a range of diagnostic methods, few studies demonstrate the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods for CL in symptomatic (n=26) and asymptomatic (n=129) sheeps, using specimes collected from lymph nodes by FNAB assay. These techniques were performed using PCR targeting the pld gene (phospholipase D), on biochemical identification and culture, cytodiagnostic searching the aetiological agent. The serologic test of ELISA method was also applied in all ovine sera. Clinical samples recovered in FNAB given suitable and enough samples to perform the identification of C. pseudotuberculosis, implementing CL diagnostics. Among all techniques used here, ELISA and PCR demonstrated higher sensitivity (92%), whereas microorganism culture (98%) and cytodiagnostic (94%) presented higher specificity. / Orientador: Maria Cecília Rui Luvizotto / Coorientador: Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo / Banca: Márcio Garcia Ribeiro / Banca: Tereza Cristina Cardoso da Silva / Mestre