Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Nubia.pdf: 1577562 bytes, checksum: f392d5054fc1b5a19f04963529814a0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-06 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / In this work was investigated the potential of banana tree pseudostem, an agricultural waste used in natura (BIN) and treated with methanol (BTM), as adsorbents in removal of textile dyes Violet Brilliant Remazol and Turquoise Remazol from aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. The zero point of charge (pHzpc) the materials were 5.1 (BIN) and 4.3 (BTM). The pH study showed that the maximum amount adsorbed occurred in pH's 1.0 and 2.0. The kinetics was performed at pH 2.0, 25°C and was evaluated at concentrations of 250 and 1000 mg.L-1. The contact times required for both adsorbents reach equilibrium in the two concentrations studied were 120 and 300 minutes for the dyes Violet and Turquoise, respectively. The kinetics sorption data were fitted to pseudo-first order, second order, and intraparticle diffusion models and the equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. Taking into account correlation coefficients, the data were best fitted to the second order kinetic model (R2> 0.999). The intraparticle diffusion model is also involved in the mechanism of adsorption, which showed that the adsorption takes place in three steps. With the exception of Turquoise Remazol by BIN, all other systems were best fitted to Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated at four different temperatures (10, 25, 40 and 55 °C) by varying the concentration of the dye from 100 to 1000 mg.L-1 in the best conditions of pH and equilibrium time. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process is endothermic (Turquoise) and exothermic (Violet). The spontaneity of the sorption processes for all dyes was also confirmed by the favorable negative values of Gibbs free energy and by positive entropic data. Desorption of dyes was carried out in alkaline (pH 8.0), being recovered 44% (BIN) and 38% (BTM) for the Violet Brilliant Remazol and 34% (BIN) and 21% (BTM) for the dye Turquoise Remazol. This value suggests the application of this biopolymer as a favorable agent for textile dyes removal from a given system. / Neste trabalho foi investigado o potencial do pseudocaule de bananeira, um resíduo agrícola utilizado in natura (BIN) e tratado com metanol (BTM), como adsorventes na remoção dos corantes têxteis Violeta brilhante remazol e Turquesa remazol de soluções aquosa. Os adsorventes foram caracterizados por espectroscopia no infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear de 13C, análise elementar, termogravimetria e difratometria de raios X. O ponto de carga zero (pHzpc) dos materiais foram 5,1 (BIN ) e 4,3 (BTM). O estudo do pH mostrou que a quantidade máxima adsorvida ocorreu nos pH s 1,0 e 2,0. As cinéticas foram realizadas em pH 2,0, temperatura de 25°C e foram avaliados nas concentrações de 250 e 1000 mg.L-1. Os tempos de contato necessários para ambos os adsorventes atingirem o equilíbrio, nas duas concentrações estudadas foram 120 e 300 minutos para os corantes Violeta e Turquesa, respectivamente. Os dados cinético de adsorção foram ajustados aos modelos de pseudo-primeira ordem, segunda ordem e difusão intrapartícula e os dados de equilíbrio foram ajustados aos modelos de isoterma de Langmuir e Freundlich. Levando em consideração os coeficientes de correlação, os dados cinéticos foram melhor ajustados ao modelo de segunda ordem (R2 > 0,999). O modelo de difusão intrapartícula também está envolvido no mecanismo de adsorção, o qual mostrou que a adsorção acontece em três etapas. Com exceção do Turquesa remazol pelo BIN, todos os outros sistemas foram melhor representados pela isoterma de Freundlich. As isotermas de adsorção foram avaliadas em quatro temperaturas diferentes (10, 25, 40 e 55 ºC) variando-se a concentração do corante de 100 a 1000 mg.L-1 nas melhores condições de pH e tempo de equilíbrio. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos indicaram que o processo é endotérmico (Turquesa), exotérmico (Violeta). A espontaneidade dos processos de sorção de todos os corantes também foi confirmada pelos valores negativos da energia livre de Gibbs e pelos dados positivos de entropia. A dessorção dos corantes foi realizada em meio alcalino (pH 8,0), sendo recuperado 44% (BIN) e 38% (BTM) para Violeta brilhante remazol e 34% (BIN) e 21% (BTM) pra o corante Turquesa remazol. Este valor sugere a aplicação deste biopolímero como agente favorável para a remoção de corantes de efluentes têxteis a partir de um determinado sistema.

Les cultivars de bananiers sont dérivés d'hybridations entre sous-espèces de Musa acuminata (génome A) et pour certains avec l'espèce M. balbisiana (génome B). Ces hybrides présentent une fertilité réduite, des méioses perturbées et de fortes distorsions de ségrégation. Ces caractéristiques attribuées à des réarrangements chromosomiques entre espèces et sous-espèces compliquent les analyses génétiques et les programmes d'amélioration variétale. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons mis en place et testé de nouvelles approches, basées sur la récente disponibilité d'une séquence de référence du bananier et des technologies de séquençage haut-débit, pour caractériser ces différences de structures chromosomiques et comprendre leur impact sur les ségrégations chromosomiques. Ces approches ont nécessité l'amélioration de la séquence de référence du bananier. Pour cela, des outils ont été développés. Ils sont applicables à d'autres génomes et modulables en fonction des données disponibles. Le nombre de scaffolds a été divisé par 5 et 90% de la séquence est maintenant ancré aux chromosomes. Les scaffolds correspondant au génome mitochondrial ont été identifiés et le génome chloroplastique a été assemblé et annoté. Des données de re-séquençage de l'accession ‘Pahang' et de génotypage dense de sa descendance ont été utilisées pour explorer l'origine des distorsions de ségrégation impliquant les chromosomes 1 et 4. L'ensemble des données (profils de distorsion et de recombinaison, appariements à la méiose, re-séquençage), nous orientent vers l'hypothèse d'une translocation réciproque en orientation inversée, entre régions distales des chromosomes 1 et 4. Le test de nos outils de recherche de variations structurales pour comparer les génomes A et B du bananier, dont les différences de structure sont connues, montre que nos outils détectent directement les signatures de certaines variations structurales mais que pour d'autres il ne détecte que des signatures partielles. Ces dernières peuvent néanmoins être informatives en complément d'autres types d'informations provenant de cartographie génétique et d'analyses cytogénétiques. / Banana cultivars are derived from hybridization between Musa acuminata subspecies (A genome) and, for some of them, with the species M. balbisiana (B genome). These hybrids have reduced fertility, disturbed meiosis and strong segregation distortions. These characteristics attributed to chromosomal rearrangements between species and subspecies complicate genetic analyses and breeding programs. In this thesis, we have developed and tested new approaches based on the recent availability of a banana reference genome sequence and high-throughput sequencing technologies, to characterize these differences in chromosomal structures and understand their impact on chromosomal segregation. These approaches needed improvement of the banana reference genome sequence. New bioinformatics tools were developed for this purpose. They are applicable to other genomes and are flexible according to available data. The scaffolds number was divided by 5 and 90% of the assembly is now anchored to the chromosomes. Scaffolds corresponding to the mitochondrial genome were identified and the chloroplast genome was assembled and annotated. Re-sequencing data from the 'Pahang' accession and dense genotyping of its progeny were used to explore the origin of segregation distortion involving chromosomes 1 and 4. Distortion and recombination profiles, chromosomal pairing at meiosis and re-sequencing data direct us to the hypothesis of a reciprocal translocation in inverted orientation between distal portions of chromosomes 1 and 4. We tested our structural variation research tools to compare the A and B genomes of banana, for which structural differences are known. The results showed that our tools detected complete signatures of some structural changes but for others, they only detected partial signatures. The latter can still be informative in addition to other informations derived from genetic mapping and cytogenetic studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RuiCSM_MESTRE.pdf: 3074589 bytes, checksum: ce573ec9d691a895e59153850a53bf18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / This paper aims to present the feasibility of using a composite using discarded material from the cultivation of banana tree (pseudostem), which is fibrillated together with synthetic resin replacing glass fiber to be used in structural elements that do not demand large mechanical stress such as reservoirs, troughs, domes, sewage pipes etc.. For this, there were studies about the mechanical properties of a composite made with polyester resin and fiber of banana tree (Musa sp, musac), in which the splints were removed from the pseudostem, being made fibrillation by hand, with the aid of a brush steel, followed by natural drying. After treatment for cleaning and removal of wax, the fiber was cut into pieces of approximately 60 mm to 100 mm, for, together with synthetic resin, make cards of a features fiber composite with random orientation relative to the weight of the resin. We used three different percentages of fiber (3%, 6% and 9%), in order to make a comparative study between them and what would be the one with the best performance. Were manufactured specimens of each material and then subjected to uniaxial tensile tests, three point bending, moisture absorption and thermal characteristics. The results show that, in general, the use of banana tree fiber is feasible simply by an improvement in the production process (machining of the procedure) and greater care in the manufacture of parts / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a viabilidade de um comp?sito utilizando material descartado da lavoura da bananeira (pseudocaule), o qual ? fibrilado juntamente com resina sint?tica em substitui??o ? fibra de vidro, a ser utilizado em elementos estruturais que n?o demandem grandes esfor?os mec?nicos, tais como reservat?rios, calhas, domos, tubula??es de esgotamento etc. Para isso foram efetuados estudos sobre as propriedades mec?nicas de um comp?sito de resina poli?ster e fibra de bananeira (musa s.p., mus?cea), nos quais foram retiradas as talas do pseudocaule, sendo feita a fibriliza??o de forma manual, com o aux?lio de uma escova de a?o, seguido de secagem ao natural. Ap?s tratamento para limpeza e retirada de cera, a fibra foi cortada em peda?os de aproximadamente 60 mm a 100 mm para, juntamente com a resina sint?tica, fabricar placas de um comp?sito de caracter?sticas fibrosas com orienta??o aleat?ria em rela??o ao peso da resina. Foram utilizadas tr?s percentagens distintas de fibras (3%, 6% e 9%), a fim de se efetuar um estudo comparativo entre elas e determinar qual seria aquela com o melhor desempenho mec?nico. Foram fabricados corpos de prova de cada material, sendo ent?o submetida aos ensaios de tra??o uniaxial, flex?o em tr?s pontos, absor??o de umidade e caracter?sticas t?rmicas. Os resultados demonstram que, de forma geral, o uso de fibra de bananeira ? vi?vel, bastando uma melhoria no seu processo de obten??o (mecaniza??o do procedimento) e um maior cuidado durante a fabrica??o das pe?as