Essay one. For banks, good governances can reduce both the abilities and incentives of insiders to expropriate bank resources and promote bank efficiency, and are supposed to have real economic effect on their customers and firms in that country. This study examines how banking sector's ownership structure is related to the firm-level investment efficiency on a sample of 88,764 firm-year observations across 36 developed and developing countries between 1995 and 2006. I find that, ceteris paribus, a country's banking sector with more cash flow rights by controlling owners improves firms' investment efficiency; whereas, a country's banking sector with larger divergence between cash flow rights and control rights by controlling owners reduces firms' investment efficiency. In addition, I find that the relation between a country's banking sector ownership structure and firms' investment efficiency is stronger for low growth firms, suggesting banks' stronger debt monitoring role on firms with free cash flow problem. Besides, banks have more influence on investment efficiency of firms, which rely on more external financing. Finally, the relation between banking sector's ownership structure and firms' investment efficiency is more pronounced in countries with stronger private monitoring for banks and better information environment of banks. On the whole, the results suggest that banking sector's ownership structure is an important instrument to govern banks' operation with regard to efficient lending and sound governances on firms' investment decision. / Essay two. In this study, we examine whether and how incentives in bank lending, in emerging market like China, influence firms' investment behaviors, the key determinant of firms' productivity. First, being connected with bureaucrats provides firms with a comparative non-economic advantage of access to debt in China. Our empirical results show that loans granting to political connected firms is less sensitive to those firms' profitability, which is consistent with "rent-seeking" hypothesis. Second, political connection is a violated factor in debt markets and politically connected lending is accompanied by less monitoring posted by banks. Consequently, we find that firms with political tie invest less efficiently than firms without political tie when they can access to abnormal debt through political tie. Moreover, the negative relation between politically connected lending and firms' investment efficiency is stronger for SOE firms and low growth firms. Finally, we find that region development with regard to financial development and government quality improvement reduces politically connected lending's negative impact on firms' investment efficiency. In sum, soft lending, like politically connected lending, destroy economic growth because of misallocation of scary resources among firms and also because of less incentive to monitor firms' project selection. / essay 1. Bank ownership structure, bank regulation, and firm investment: international evidence -- essay 2. Bank lending incentives and firm investment decisions in China. / Zheng, Ying. / Adviser: Joseph P.H. Fan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: 2173. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-90). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

This study examines the perceptions of the employees of Peoples Bank towards Performance Management. The subjects were 190 non-managers and 46 managers selected from Peoples Bank branches nationally, and from Head Office. All 236 of the voluntary participants completed a mixed-model questionnaire requiring qualitative and quantitative data, where the quantitative data was measured using a Likert Scale. The approach taken to make sense of the data involved the use of descriptive statistics. From the responses received, histograms were prepared reflecting the respondents' views in relation to each question. There is a strong correlation between what the various experts say should be included in a Performance Management System and what the employees of Peoples Bank want included. It is conclusive that employees want a system that is fair and objective; they want to be given regular feedback on their performance; they want to be appraised on measurable criteria and they want to have a say in setting their performance goals. They also want to be trained and developed and, finally, they want to be rewarded in accordance with their performance. The implication is that Peoples Bank will need to re-visit its current Performance Management System to ensure that due consideration is given to employee views for the system to achieve its objectives whilst maintaining its credibility. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Aktyvų ir pasyvų valdymo (APV) klausimas aktualus dar nuo tada, kai susikūrė pirmieji bankai, kadangi tai iš pačios bankininkystės specifikos kylant problema. Spartėjantys globalizacijos procesai šią problemą dar labiau aštrina ir tai skatina bankus ieškoti efektyvesnių būdų jų aktyvų ir pasyvų portfelių valdymui. Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti APV problemą komerciniame banke ir įvertinti APV efektyvumo vertinimą trijuose Lietuvos bankuose. Siekiant išanalizuoti APV problemą, pirmiausia buvo apžvelgtos įvairių autorių siūlomos APV koncepcijos, buvo pabrėžta APV svarba, žvelgiant tiek iš centrinio, tiek iš komercinio banko pozicijų, taip pat apžvelgta APV koncepcijos istorinė raida. Buvo išnagrinėti trys populiariausi APV modeliai: GAP analizė, trukmės analizė, VaR bei Monte Carlo metodikos. Tuomet buvo įvertintas APV efektyvumo vertinimas trijuose Lietuvos bankuose, palyginimui pasirenkant didelį, vidutinį ir mažą bankus. Siekiant įvertinti APV efektyvumo vertinimą pasirinktuose bankuose buvo atlikta GAP analizė, įvertintas privalomųjų centrinio banko normatyvų vykdymas ir apskaičiuoti pelningumo ir likvidumo rodikliai. Atlikta analizė parodė, jog yra akivaizdus ryšis tarp banko dydžio ir APV efektyvumo. Tendencijos tokios, jog mažesni bankai laiko didesnes likvidžių aktyvų atsargas, kadangi jie turi menkesnes skolinimosi galimybes, mažesni tokių bankų paskolų portfeliai, taigi jų efektyvumas transformuojant priimtus depozitus į paskolas yra mažesnis. Visi šie... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The problem of asset – liability management (ALM) has been topical since the origin of banking. The processes of globalization and internationalization in financial markets in the twenty first century made this problem sharper than ever before, that make banks search more efficient ways of management of their asset and liabilities portfolios. The aim of this master work is to analyse the problem of ALM in commercial bank and evaluate the performance ALM in three Lithuanian banks. In order to analyse ALM problem different scientists approaches to ALM were analysed in this research in order to define the ALM conception. Also the importance of ALM was underlined from the point of view both of central bank and commercial bank and the development of ALM was viewed. The most popular models of ALM were analysed – GAP analysis, Duration GAP, VaR and Monte Carlo. Then the effectiveness of performance of ALM was evaluated in three Lithuanian banks, choosing the big one, the medium one and the small one. In order to analyse the effectiveness of performance of ALM in the chosen banks the GAP analysis was made, the execution of central bank’s compulsory normative rates was evaluated and the rates of liquidity and profitability were counted and analysed. The analysis pointed out, that there is an obvious relation between the size of the bank and the way it’s ALM is performed. The tendencies are these: smaller banks keep bigger amounts of liquid assets, because that they have lower... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D.(Industrial Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 1999. / Summaries in Afrikaans and English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.M.S.)--Carleton University, 1988. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Tulane University, 1989. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-140).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 359-416).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-136). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Este trabalho propõe um modelo com o objetivo de contribuir para o estudo de gestão baseada em valor aplicado a bancos pelas métricas do Economic Value Added (EVATM) e do Shareholder Value Added. (SVA). Para tanto, será desenvolvido um conteúdo teórico que contempla relatos e experiências de autores, proveniente de pesquisa bibliográfica, além de um exemplo numérico baseado na experiência do autor deste trabalho. O embasamento teórico utilizado contempla uma revisão dos principais aspectos da gestão baseada no valor, da conciliação de métricas de mensuração de valor de banco, das suas adequações às peculiaridades dos bancos múltiplos e das suas aplicabilidades aos controles gerenciais em bancos múltiplos que envolvem conceitos, significado econômico e formulações. Além disso, alguns aspectos da gestão bancária são apresentados: a abordagem envolve a gestão da margem financeira, a alocação de capital a unidades de negócios com base no risco, a aplicação de métricas ligadas ao valor para o acionista no controle gerencial e a avaliação de desempenho dos gestores das áreas de negócios. A apresentação do modelo proposto contempla tanto o cálculo do EVATM do banco quanto de suas unidades de negócios, bem como sua utilidade para fins gerenciais. / This paper proposes a model with a view to contributing to the study of value-based management applied to banks through the Economic Value-Added (EVATM) and Shareholder Value-Added (SVA) metrics. To this end, a theoretical content will be developed based on bibliographical survey of the accounts and experiences of various authors, as well as a numerical example based on the experience of the author of this paper. The theoretical basis employed includes a review of the main aspects of value-based management, of the conciliation of bank value measurement metrics, of their adjustment to the peculiarities of all-purpose banks and their applications to management controls in all-purpose banks that involve concepts, economic meaning and formulations. In addition, some aspects of banking management are presented: the approach involves financial margin management, risk-based capital allocation to business units, application of metrics related to shareholder value in management control, and performance evaluation of the managers of the business areas. The presentation of the proposed model includes both the calculation of EVA TM for the bank and its business units, as well as its usefulness for management purposes.

Desde os primórdios da historia o dinheiro vem mudando de forma. Nos próximos anos, as novas tecnologias e as mudanças sociais e econômicas podem fazer com que surjam novas formas de dinheiro e transações comerciais, mantendo-se a tendência de aumento do uso de meios de pagamento alternativos ao dinheiro vivo. Isso vem gerando transformações no ambiente organizacional. Essas transformações geram ameaças e oportunidades, e devem por essa razão serem levadas em conta pelos responsáveis pela construção de estratégias. A falta de acesso da população de baixa renda aos serviços financeiros prejudica o desenvolvimento econômico; por outro lado, as instituições financeiras não têm interesse em atender essa população através de canais convencionais, em função de ser desfavorável a relação retorno versus custos nesse tipo de atendimento. Em paralelo, vem se observando um rápido crescimento no uso de telefones celulares, sendo o acesso aos serviços financeiros através desses dispositivos uma ferramenta para superar a relação desfavorável à bancarização da população de baixa renda. Dado esse cenário, foi objetivo desta pesquisa gerar contribuições ao processo de construção de estratégias para a bancarização da população de baixa renda utilizando dispositivos móveis, permitindo às organizações interessadas aproveitarem as oportunidades e evitarem os riscos disto decorrentes. Do ponto de vista metodológico, esta pesquisa iniciou-se com o estudo da bibliografia existente acerca da utilização de dispositivos móveis para a realização de operações financeiras, além de material cujo conhecimento foi julgado necessário para que se atingisse o objetivo proposto, especialmente literatura envolvendo construção de estratégias e inovação. A esse estudo, seguiu-se um estudo de campo envolvendo profissionais que atuam na área, e dirigentes de entidades que congregam empresas que serão afetadas pelas mudanças no ambiente organizacional. Este trabalho permitiu concluir que a utilização de dispositivos móveis pode ser uma ferramenta viável para a bancarização da população de baixa renda no Brasil e sugere estratégias para as organizações mais afetadas por este processo. O trabalho encerra-se com recomendações para a continuidade de estudos na área, em especial, o estudo dos modelos de negócio adotados para bancarização da população de baixa renda em países com características similares às do Brasil. / Currency has been changing since the beginning of history. Within the next few years, new technologies, as well as social and economic changes may lead to the development of new forms of money and commercial transactions, following the trend of growing use of alternative mediums of exchange other than cash. This has led to changes in the organizational environment. Such changes create both challenges and opportunities, which is the reason why they must be taken into account by those in charge of strategy-building. Lack of access of lower income segments of the population to the financial system hampers economic development; on the other hand, financial institutions are not interested in attracting that public to conventional services, because of the unfavorable relation between their costs and results. At the same time, there has been fast growth in the use of cell phones. Their use as a means to access financial services is one of the tools to overcome difficulties related to the bancarization of poor people. Given this scenario, the objective of this research is to contribute to the construction of strategies that allow organizations to seize opportunities and avoid risks associated with the bancarization of low income population through the use of mobile devices, particularly cell phones. From a methodological point of view, this research began with the study of existing bibliography related to the use of mobile devices in financial operations, as well as other sources that were deemed relevant to the proposed aims, especially literature on strategy-building and innovation. Following that first step, field studies were conducted with professionals from the related areas, as well as members of associations that include companies which will be affected by changes in the organizational environment. This study has led to the conclusion that the use of mobile devices can be a viable tool for the bancarization of lower income population in Brazil, and it suggests strategies for the companies most impacted by this process. This work also sets out recommendations for further study in this field, such as the study of business models for the bancarization of low income population of countries with conditions similar to those of Brazil.