Orientador: André Martins Biancareli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T23:40:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cia_EliaElisaMancini_M.pdf: 1503293 bytes, checksum: 149894507c497833974fe3af096886f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação se insere na temática mais ampla do processo de integração da América do Sul, com foco a partir da segunda metade da década de 2000. O objeto de estudo do presente trabalho é o Banco do Sul que, lançado como um importante mecanismo de cooperação financeira, passou por um longo processo de criação e, até o fim de 2011, ainda não havia iniciado suas operações. Nesse sentido, além de analisar todo o processo de negociação do Banco do Sul, o trabalho também consiste em discutir outras importantes questões. A primeira delas é a existência de diferentes projetos financeiros regionais na América do Sul, que se refletiu em divergentes posicionamentos na fase de criação do Banco do Sul. Outra questão refere-se ao papel que os diferentes mecanismos de cooperação financeira podem assumir, sendo possível, assim, compreender os fundamentos dos impasses relativos ao Banco do Sul. Parte-se de uma análise teórica dos processos de integração regional, concluindo-se que não haveria apenas um conceito definido sobre este movimento, mas duas grandes interpretações: uma de cunho "liberal" e outra "desenvolvimentista". Enquanto a primeira concepção estaria fundamentada nas relações comerciais e na abertura financeira, na concepção desenvolvimentista, a integração envolveria múltiplas dimensões, com propostas específicas de fortalecimento da dimensão financeira na esfera regional, através da criação de mecanismos de cooperação financeira com atuação sub-regional ou regional. A análise também passa por verificar as concepções predominantes nas distintas fases do processo integracionista na América do sul, focando no período iniciado a partir de-2003, denominado de "pós-liberal". Neste contexto, explora-se a emergência de governos com propostas "anti-liberalizantes", defendendo diferentes projetos de integração para a região. Neste ponto, levantam-se as principais questões relativas às políticas externas dos países a fim de compreender qual tem sido o posicionamento dos governos em relação à integração na região, especialmente, da esfera financeira. Aprofunda-se, então, em um estudo sobre os mecanismos de cooperação financeira, apresentando-os em três frentes: os mecanismos de financiamento de curto prazo, de financiamento do desenvolvimento e da cooperação macroeconômica. O objetivo é compreender o papel a ser desempenhado pelos bancos de desenvolvimento, atuando no nível regional e sub-regional. No último capítulo, se faz uma retomada do histórico do Banco do Sul, desde sua criação até o levantamento dos principais dilemas de sua criação e das perspectivas de seu funcionamento / Abstract: This dissertation is part of the broader theme of the recent process of integration in South America, characterized by the phenomenon of "post-liberal regionalism". The study object of this work is the Bank of the South, launched as an important mechanism of financial cooperation, went through a long process of creation, and yet, has not began operations. Besides the analysis of the entire process of creation of the Bank of the South, the work also discusses other important issues. The first one is the existence of different regional financial projects in South America, reflected by different positions assumed by the governments along the creation process of Bank of the South. Another matter concerns the role that different mechanisms of financial cooperation may take, so it can be possible to understand the fundamentals of deadlocks on the Bank of the South. It starts with an analysis of the processes of regionalization of the recent period, starting from the 1980s, concluding that there are two major interpretations: a stamp of "liberal" and other "developmental". While the first perspective is based on trade relations and financial openness, the developmental one relies on multiple dimensions, with specific proposals for strengthening the financial dimension at the regional level through the creation of mechanisms for financial cooperation. The analysis also involves raising the views prevailing in the different phases of the integration process in South America, focusing on the most recent period, called "post-liberal". In this context, it explores the emergence of governments with "anti-liberal" policies, advocating different integration projects for the region. At this point, the major issues concerning the foreign policies of the countries are identified in order to understand what has been the position of governments concerning to regional integration, especially in the financial sphere. The study deepens in a study on the mechanisms of financial cooperation, presenting the financial mechanisms in three main categories: mechanisms of short-term, development financing and macroeconomic cooperation. The goal is to understand the role played by development banks, acting at the regional and subregional levels. In the last chapter, there is an historic approach of the Bank of the South in addition to a survey of the main dilemmas of its creation and the prospects for its operation / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

The main purpose of this qualitative research study was to investigate strategies to improve the representation of black females in senior levels within the South African banking industry. This was done through investigating the challenges that black women face in their career advancement within the banking industry and the strategies which currently exist and can be implemented to improve this representation. In as much as the research is aimed at seeking strategies to improve black women representation in senior positions, it also seeks to understand the barriers experienced by black women in different levels within the industry as these levels serve as a pipeline for senior management. This problem was addressed through answering the research objectives. The research objectives were achieved through conducting a literature review to explore the existing research topic and conducting an empirical study. Empirical evidence was obtained through conducting semi-structured interviews with seven black women who are currently working in the banking sector. Semi-structured interviews were used due to the target population being specific to black women as well as the need to acquire in-depth knowledge from black women of their experiences in climbing the corporate ladder in the sector. The key findings of the research found that the participant’s perception was that black women were at the bottom, that black women were displaying behaviours that were inhibiting their progress to senior positions. The study also found that black women struggled to advance to senior positions due to different challenges that they encountered. The study is finalised by the participants providing recommendations in terms of how the representation of black women could be improved.