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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Private interests, endogenous institutions and Schumpeterian growth / Intérêts privés, institutions endogènes et croissance Schumpeterienne

Veselov, Dmitry A. 09 December 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie les effets des régimes politiques et de l'inégalité socioéconomique sur les institutions économiques et la croissance. Le chapitre 1 considère une version du modèle d'échelles de qualité avec des agents hétérogènes dans le niveau de richesse, de revenu et de savoir-faire. Les instruments de politique économique incluent des barrières à l'entrée sur les marchés des biens et le niveau de la redistribution. Trois types d'équilibres politiques sont considérés. Le chapitre 2 analyse l'effet de la démocratisation sur l'émergence des barrières à l'entrée et la redistribution des revenus. On montre qu'une distribution plus égale du pouvoir politique parmi les individus diminue les barrières à l'entrée seulement si les savoir-faire sont à un niveau élevé et si l'inégalité des savoir-faire et des revenus est faible. Le cas contraire, où les plus riches et les plus pauvres constituent une majorité, conduit à une redistribution élevée, mais aussi à la présence des barrières à l'entrée. Ce chapitre peut expliquer les trajectoires différentes de pays en cours de démocratisation. Le chapitre 3 considère un modèle de croissance endogène, qui décrit la transition de la stagnation pré-industrielle à une croissance stable. Selon le modèle, la qualité des institutions économiques est déterminée par le conflit entre les deux composantes de l'élite (propriétaires fonciers et capitalistes). Le modèle explique les sources politiques de la stagnation et de la croissance, ainsi que la relation entre le conflit social et le développement pendant la période de transition. / This thesis studies the effect of political regimes and economic inequality on the level of barriers to entry, redistribution, and economic growth. Barriers to entry are economic institutions, which protect incumbent firms from competition with new entrants. This is one of the form of economic institutions, which provide gains for a narrow group of agents at the cost of economic efficiency. In Chapter 1 I consider the problem of finding sufficient conditions for political support of liberal, growth-enhancing policy in a quality-ladders model with heterogeneous agents differing in their endowment of wealth and skills. The policy set is two-dimensional: agents vote for the level of redistribution as well as for the level of entry barriers preventing the creation of more efficient firms. I show that under the majority voting rule there are three possible stable political outcomes: full redistribution, low redistribution and free entry (liberal order), high redistribution and high barriers to entry (corporatism). Key variables that determine political outcome include an expected gain from technological adoption, the ratio of total profits to total wages, and the skewness of skills distribution.Chapter 2 extends the analysis of the previous chapter by considering the effect of democrati-zation on barriers to entry and economic outcomes. Democratization shifts the political power from the narrow class of wealthy elites to a broader group of agents. Even if political institutions change towards democratization, under certain conditions this leads only to the rise of redistribution, rather than to the elimination of barriers to entry. This argument is particularly relevant for countries with low human capital level and high inequality in incomes and skills.Chapter 3 considers the two-side relationship between the level of industrialization and the quality of economic institutions, which stimulate the technological adoption and growth. It provides a simple two-sector endogenous growth model of transition from pre-industrial stagnation to modern economic growth regime. The model underlines the role of political conflict between new elite (capitalists) and old elite (landowners) during the whole period of transition. The level of efforts in the political conflict is chosen endogenously by both groups. The model generates a long period of stagnation with a low-intensified conflict between capitalists and landowners, which is followed by industrial revolution with high conflict intensity and higher probability of institutional changes. The model describes political origins of stagnation and growth and interconnections between the political conflict and economic structure.

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