Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5511.pdf: 2599915 bytes, checksum: c246a5f7092e814f87e383c45b31d9f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-06 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Can vinasse accelerate the change of minerals in rock powder for obtaining fertilizer, with utilization of residues from alcohol agro and mining industries? Answering this question was the main objective of this study. So, it was carried out two experiments in a laboratory in a completely randomized set using PVC columns in which we reproduced the 0-50 cm layers of a very clayey Red Oxisol and a Quartzipsamment. In the first test, with duration of 30 days, it was evaluated the application form of the mixture into the soil. It were tested incorporation of basalt powder previously in soil and incubation of basalt powder and vinasse in the laboratory for 24 hours and then applied to the soil. In Red Oxisol were used two doses of basalt powder (0 and 2,0 t ha-1), a dose of vinasse (200 m3 ha-1) and as a control, a dose of water (200 m3 ha-1) using the same amounts of rock powder. For this test, samples were collected from the surface of the columns in 1, 7, 15 and 30 days of experiment. In the second test, with duration of 90 days, using the two soils, were added three doses of basalt powder (0, 2,0 and 4,0 t ha-1) and a dose of vinasse (200 m3 ha-1). The control was made by treatments with water (200 m3 ha-1) with the same doses of rock powder. Samples were collected on the surface of each column in 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days and at the end of the experiment, in botton and in the leachate. For the surface samples in the first and second tests and the botton in the second test, we determined the levels of macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S), micronutrients (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn), H + Al, Al, organic matter, pH in CaCl2, sum of bases, base saturation and cation exchange capacity. In the leachate were determined Ca, Mg, K, SO4, Fe, Mn and Zn. In the first test, the evaluation of the application form of the mixture indicated that there was no difference between the use of basalt powder and vinasse incubated for 24 hours or previously incorporation of rock powder in the soil and then application of vinasse. In the second test, there were significant effects of solvent and soil in the surface layer, with variations in the levels of the attributes analyzed over time. The dose of basalt powder was not significant for most attributes analyzed, except for the levels of boron and iron. On balance levels at the beginning and end of the experiment, the results suggest that sorption phenomena with neoformed mineral phases or organic acids may have occurred. The mixture of vinasse and rock powder is an alternative fertilizer and reduces the consumption of soluble fertilizers, but further studies are needed to evaluate the sorption phenomena and availability of cations in the mixture. / Vinhaça pode acelerar a alteração de minerais em pó de rocha para obtenção de fertilizantes, com aproveitamento de resíduos de agroindústrias de álcool e de mineradoras? Responder a esta pergunta foi o principal objetivo deste estudo. Assim, foi montado em laboratório dois ensaios inteiramente casualizados em colunas de PVC nas quais foram reproduzidas as camadas 0-50 cm de um Latossolo Vermelho muito argiloso e de um Neossolo Quartzarênico. No primeiro ensaio, com duração de 30 dias, foi avaliado o modo de aplicação da mistura no solo. Foram testados a incorporação de pó de basalto previamente no solo e a incubação de pó de basalto e vinhaça em laboratório por 24 horas e depois aplicação no solo. Em Latossolo, foram utilizadas duas doses de pó de basalto (0 e 2,0 t ha-1), uma dose de vinhaça (200 m3 ha-1) e como controle uma dose de água (200 m3 ha-1) com as mesmas quantidades de pó de rocha. Para este ensaio foram coletadas amostras da camada superficial das colunas aos 1, 7, 15 e 30 dias de experimento. No segundo ensaio, com duração de 90 dias, utilizando os dois solos, foram adicionadas três doses de pó de basalto (0; 2,0 e 4,0 t ha-1) e uma dose de vinhaça (200 m3 ha-1). O controle foi feito por meio de tratamentos com água (200 m3 ha-1) e com as mesmas doses de pó de rocha. Foram coletadas amostras na superfície de cada coluna aos 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias e, ao final do experimento, em profundidade e no lixiviado. Para as amostra em superfície do primeiro e segundo ensaios e em profundidade do segundo ensaio, foram determinados os teores de macronutrientes (P, K, Ca, Mg, S), micronutrientes (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn), H+Al, Al, matéria orgânica, pH em CaCl2, soma de bases, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. No lixiviado foram determinados os teores de Ca, Mg, K, SO4, Fe, Mn e Zn. No primeiro ensaio, a avaliação do modo de aplicação da mistura indicou que não houve diferença entre a utilização do pó de basalto incubado em vinhaça por 24 horas ou incorporação do pó de rocha no solo e em seguida aplicação de vinhaça. Já no segundo ensaio, houve efeito significativo do solvente e do solo na camada superficial, com variações nos teores dos atributos analisados durante o tempo. A dose de pó de basalto não foi significativa para a maioria dos atributos analisados, com exceção dos teores de boro e de ferro. No balanço de teores no início e no fim do experimento, os resultados sugerem que fenômenos de sorção com fases minerais neoformadas ou com ácidos orgânicos podem ter ocorrido. A mistura de vinhaça e pó de rocha é uma alternativa de adubação e permite reduzir o consumo de fertilizantes solúveis, mas são necessários estudos complementares para avaliar fenômenos de sorção e de disponibilização de cátions nessa mistura.

Master`s thesis is divided in to two parts, practical and theoretical. In theoretical part are listed basic information’s about light weight concrete, special emphasis are given to characteristic and practical application of compact light weight concrete with Liapor aggregates. In this study is described influence of high temperature on concrete structure and chemical, mechanical and physical changes, which take place during exposal to high temperatures. Further is evaluated surface permeability of concrete and addition of polypropylene fibres to concretes resistive to high temperatures. The practical part deals with design, production and testing of cement based concrete with use of different aggregates (light weight aggregates Liapor, basalt). The properties and use for applications in high temperatures is also mentioned. The influence of high temperature on strength, absorption, thermal conductivity, changes of surface permeability and degradation of testing specimens due to heat loads according to normative heat curve (ISO 834). For better transparency are experimental tests divided in to five phases and the measured values are evaluated on the end of each phase. In conclusion are resumed all knowledge’s obtained by testing and evaluated the most suitable formulation. The approach for further research is also mentioned.

This thesis deals with the behavior of cement concrete at high temperature with a focus on the impact behavior of aggregate, cement type and polypropylene fiber reinforcement. The theoretical part describes the issue of cement concrete at high temperatures, especially processes in the cement matrix, aggregates and polypropylene fibers. Furthermore, theoretical part describes the selection of a suitable type of cement and aggregates in concrete exposed to high temperatures. In the experimental part was designed the concrete composition with various kinds different types of aggregates and two types of cements. The temperature stress of test samples was performed according to ISO standard temperature curve 834. Subsequently, was made the verification of the physic-mechanical properties such as changes in bulk density and compressive strength after heat load. Moreover, the surface appearance of samples after heat load was evaluated, especially the occurrence of samples, the crack width and explosive spalling. Mineralogical composition changes of prepared samples before and after heat load were observed via X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, we made a photogrammetry on a test plates after heat load which defined the size of the area and depth of spalling concrete surface.

En el siguiente informe de tesis, se presenta el desarrollo de un concreto especial reforzado con fibra de basalto para evitar la corrosión en los elementos estructurales encontrados en la ciudad de Pisco. Este material es clasificado como polímero utilizado para mejorar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del concreto. Por ello, los ensayos en probetas estándar de concreto con diferentes porcentajes de este adicionado generan resultados eficientes que comprueban la hipótesis a investigar. Como punto de referencia y comparación también se evaluó un concreto convencional. En ambos casos fueron sometidos a los ensayos de compresión y tracción para medir su resistencia. Además, se realizaron ensayos para medir su durabilidad tales como álcali-sílice y carbonatación. Los resultados generan beneficios en la actividad de la construcción y minimizan los costos económicos surgidos por la pérdida de materiales generado por la corrosión. / The following thesis report presents the development of a special concrete reinforced with basalt fiber to prevent corrosion in the structural elements found in the city of Pisco. This material is classified as a polymer used to improve the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Therefore, the tests in standard concrete specimens with different percentages of this additive generate efficient results that prove the hypothesis to be investigated. As a point of reference and comparison, a conventional concrete was also evaluated. In both cases they were subjected to compression and traction tests to measure their resistance. In addition, tests were carried out to measure its durability such as alkali-silica and carbonation. The results generate benefits in the construction activity and minimize the economic costs arising from the loss of materials generated by corrosion. / Tesis

No description available.

Diploma thesis deals with study of properties of cementious composites with fiber reinforcement from glass and basalt inorganic fibers. Diploma thesis includes a theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part deals with information about glass and basalt fibers, their durability and usage. In the experimental part we monitored properfies of cement composites with basalt and glass fibers. Fibers were exposed to an aggressive environment. The properties of composites with reference fibers were compared with composites with fibers affacted by the aggressive environment. The properties of composites were examined after 28 and 90 days. We monitored compresive strenght, bending tensile strenght, tensile strenght, surface layer strenght and SEM.

This master‘s thesis is focused on the study of the behavior of cement concrete at high temperatures with a focus on monitoring the impact of aggregate and cement type. This work describes the processes in aggregates and cement matrix at high temperatures. The theoretical part describes the selestion of a suitable aggregate and cement for the surroundings with potential exposure to high temperatures. In the experimental part is given design of composition of a concrete with two types of aggregates and four cements. It has been suggested 8 recipes. Changes were observed densities, compressive strength and tensile strength in bending, calculate the velocity of propagation of waves with ultrasonic pulsed method. Also evaluated the appearance of the surface samples after thermal load – cracks on the surface and measure the maximum crack width.

In alkalischen Lösungen führt die Reaktion von Hydroxylionen mit den Si-O-Si-Bindungen des Glasnetzwerks zur Bildung hydratisierter Oberflächen und gelöstem Silikat. Der Grad der Korrosion bzw. der Alterung der Glasfaser ist abhängig von der chemischen Zusammensetzung des Glases und Korrosionslösung sowie von Zeit und Temperatur. Die Untersuchung von Glasfasern verschiedener chemischer Zusammensetzung in NaOH- sowie Zementlösungen zeigte, dass die inhibierende Wirkung von Ca-Ionen zu einem veränderten Korrosionsmechanismus führt. Dies konnte anhand der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Glasfasern sowie rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen gezeigt werden. Während die Korrosion in NaOH-Lösung zu einer ausgeprägten Umwandlung der gesamten äußeren Glasfaserschicht in Reaktionsprodukte führte, zeigten Glasfasern in Zementlösung bei gleichem pH-Wert einen stark lokal begrenzten, punktförmigen Angriff. Daraus resultieren unterschiedliche mechanische Eigenschaften der Glasfasern in Abhängigkeit von der gewählten Korrosionslösung.

Altered flows that are low-MgO chemical types of the Grande Ronde Basalt crop out in the steep walls of the Grande Ronde River canyon near Troy, Wallowa County, Oregon. The alteration effects in these flows are being investigated as a natural analog system to a high level nuclear waste repository in basalt. The flows within the study are referred to as the analog flow, in which the alteration effects are the strongest, and the superjacent flow. The analog flow crops out at Grande Ronde River level and a roadcut-outcrop is developed in the flow-top breccia of this flow. The two flows have been divided into flow zones based on intraflow structures observed in the field and primary igneous textures observed in thin section. These zones include, from the base upward, the flow interior, transition, and flow-top breccia zones of the analog flow, the interflow contact zone, and the flow interior and flow-top breccia zone of the superjacent flow. The intraflow structures and textures of the transition and interflow contact zones are atypical of Grande Ronde Basalt flows. The transition zone is transitional in textures between the flow interior zone and flow-top breccia zone, and includes holocrystalline spines mantled with fused in situ breccias. The interflow contact zone reflects the dynamic interaction during the emplacement of the superjacent flow manifested as invasive basalt tongues, clasts shed from tongues, pipe vesicles and tree molds, and pockets of breccia caught up in the base of the superjacent flow.

L'énergie solaire est connue pour sa nature intermittente par rapport aux ressources d’énergie fossile. Cette observation souligne la nécessité d'utilisation d’un système de stockage d'énergie thermique. Le système de stockage thermocline est considéré comme un système de stockage rentable. La présente thèse vise à étudier le potentiel des roches basaltiques et siliceuses comme des candidates matériaux de stockage pour les centrales solaires concentrées. Les études expérimentales des propriétés thermo-physiques et thermomécaniques de ces roches à des températures allant jusqu'à 1000°C montrent que ces roches offrent de bonnes propriétés thermiques par rapport aux matériaux classiques de stockage. L'analyse du système de stockage thermocline sur un lit de roches à air direct est réalisée par une approche numérique. En outre, cette recherche vise également à évaluer l’impact environnementale de ce type de système de stockage en effectuant une analyse comparative de son cycle de vie. Enfin, une étude complémentaire réalisée dans le but de produire une carte d'indice de pertinence a permis d’identifier les zones les plus appropriées pour la construction des centrales solaires en Egypte. L'originalité de cette approche alternative pour le stockage d'énergie thermique est qu’elle combine la performance et la disponibilité des matériaux de stockage tout en réduisant leurs impacts environnementaux et financiers. / Compare to fossil fuel energy resources, solar energy is known for its intermittent nature. This observation highlights the need for the use of a thermal energy storage system. The thermocline storage system is considered as a cost-effective storage system. This thesis aims to study the potential of basalt and silex rocks as candidate storage materials for concentrated solar power plants. Experimental studies of the thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical properties of these rocks at temperatures up to 1000°C show that these rocks offer good thermal properties compared with conventional storage materials. The analysis of the thermocline storage system of air rock-packed bed is carried out using a numerical approach. This research also aims to assess the environmental impact of this type of storage system by conducting a comparative analysis of its life cycle. Finally, a complementary study carried out with the aim of producing a relevance index map made it possible to identify the most suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Egypt. The originality of this alternative approach for thermal energy storage is that it combines the performance and availability of storage materials while reducing their environmental and financial impacts.