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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Caracterização morfológica, química e físico-hídrica de neossolos regolíticos no agreste meridional de Pernambuco

ALMEIDA, Alison Van Der Linden de 08 July 2014 (has links)
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-14T15:53:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison Van Der Linden de Almeida.pdf: 1873549 bytes, checksum: d2a79be9c753493a5173b287d1cdc143 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-14T15:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison Van Der Linden de Almeida.pdf: 1873549 bytes, checksum: d2a79be9c753493a5173b287d1cdc143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the meridional agreste of Pernambuco, the Regolithic Neosoil are used in various agricultural activities, which includes the production of beans. The productive potential of these soils may be different between the municipalities of occurrence due to the physicalhydric behavior exhibited by these soils, or the occurrence of lamellae in some areas, which may contribute to greater production. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological, chemical and hydro-physical characteristics of Regolithic Neosoil located in the meridional agreste of Pernambuco in order to understand the behavior of water in these soils. Morphological, physical, chemical, water, mineralogical and micromorphological attributes of three profiles, being P1 (Caetés), P2 (Paranatama) and P3 (São João) were analyzed. Lamellae were found in horizons C1 and C2 of P3, which may be related to an increase in water retention profile. The morphological and chemical characteristics showed no differences to justify a differential productive bean between profiles. The micromorphology and hydric study showed that P3 has greater capacity to retain water, better distribution of pore diameters, and has a porosity and packaging material that promotes increased water retention than P1 and P2, mainly in C2 horizons and C4. The characteristics of P3 make this profile presents a higher yield potential than the profiles P1 and P2. / No Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco os Neossolos Regolíticos são utilizados em diversas atividades agrícolas, onde se destaca a produção de feijão. O potencial produtivo desses solos pode ser diferente entre os municípios de ocorrência em virtude do comportamento físico-hídrico apresentado por esses solos, ou pela ocorrência de lamelas em algumas áreas, que podem contribuir para uma maior produção. Objetivou-se no presente estudo analisar as características morfológicas, químicas e físico-hídricas de Neossolos Regolíticos localizados no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco com a finalidade de se entender o comportamento da água nesses solos. Foram analisados os atributos morfológicos, físicos, químicos, hídricos, mineralógicos e micromorfológicos de três perfis, sendo P1 (Caetés), P2 (Paranatama) e P3 (São João). Foram encontradas lamelas nos horizontes C1 e C2 do P3, que podem estar ligadas a um aumento da retenção de água nesse perfil. Os atributos morfológicos e químicos não mostraram diferenças que justificassem um diferencial produtivo de feijão entre os perfis. O estudo hídrico e micromorfológico mostrou que o P3 apresenta maior capacidade de retenção de água, melhor distribuição dos diâmetros de poros, além de possuir uma porosidade e empacotamento do material que favorece uma maior retenção de água que os P1 e P2, principalmente nos horizontes C2 e C4. Essas características do P3 fazem com que esse perfil apresente um maior potencial produtivo que os perfis P1 e P2.
2

Caracterização de voçorocas em bordas de relevo residual tabular em Quirinópolis / Characterization of gullies on the edges of tabular residual relief in Quirinópolis - Go

Sousa, Alik Timóteo de 25 February 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-03T18:52:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_COMPLETA.pdf: 6269691 bytes, checksum: db8e0a15aa940e41131be31c88eeb227 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-03T18:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_COMPLETA.pdf: 6269691 bytes, checksum: db8e0a15aa940e41131be31c88eeb227 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / The city of Quirinópolis, which is located in the Southwest part of Goiás State, in the Basin of Paranaíba River, is consisted by smoothed reliefs containing residual tabular hills whose altitudes range from 370 to 880m. The “Serra da Confusão do Rio Preto”, located in the center part of the city, is representative on the local landscape. In the highest parts of this hill there are many erosive foci, which are of a huge size, especially of gullies type and mainly near of its south edge, where it is developed a big dissected recess containing several headwaters drainage. Two gullies were selected for detailed studies because they are in the same geomorphological situation of a concave edge of a residual relief, however, related to different systems of soil, one on a pedological cover represented by a Red Dusky Soil, Plinthosol petroferric and Gley soil and one on PSAMENT and Histosols . The study aimed to identify the source, the constraints and the evolution of the processes that caused the emergence and evolution of gullies to devise proposals for stabilization and / or appropriate control. Five interviews were carried out with former residents of the hill about the origin and evolution of the selected gullies. Subsequently, thematic maps were produced in the physical environment of use and occupation of the research area and as a source, satellite images Landsat TM (60 m resolution) 1980 and Landsat TM5 (30 m resolution) and SRTM images in 2008, to observe the evolution of land uses and gullies throughout this period. The operational capabilities of the software used were: Envi 4.3, Arc Map - ArcGIS 9.2, Spring 5.0 and CorelDRAW X3 version 13. Then, the entries were drawn erosive events according to the methodology of the IPT. Later on, they were described the horizons of exposed soil on the slopes of gullies in toposequence, with the use of rappelling. The physico-hydric soil characteristics were obtained from field tests of resistance to penetration with an impact penetrometer, saturated hydraulic conductivity using the Guelph permeameter, followed by the characterization of the physical attributes (water content, texture, density particles and soil total porosity, macro and micro) and chemical (pH, OM, Fe, P, K, Ca, Mg, H + Al, Al, CEC and V). Analyses were performed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% of probability for the comparison of means. The results showed that the gully of “Córrego do Andre” is developing on old scar erosive, as evidenced by the identification of horizons and / or different soil layers between the right and left slope erosion that probably were deposited by successive cuts and fills. Its evolution is driven by surface flows concentrated on cattle trails that surround it, associated with concentrated flows that spill over the terraces and reach their borders, as well as through the exfiltration of subsurface water in contact horizons Bw Bc or with C underlying the slopes strongly inclined. The Ting gully soils with lower clay in its upper reaches, has low penetration resistance (compaction) and high hydraulic conductivity, so the progression is linked to performance continues the erosion mechanisms represented by the internal pipings. The superficial runoff contributes little to the progression of this erosion. / O município de Quirinópolis, localizado no Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paranaíba, cujas altitudes variam de 370 m a 880 m é constituído de relevos suavizados, contendo morros tabulares residuais. A Serra da Confusão do rio Preto, situada no centro norte do município, é representativa da paisagem local. Nas partes mais altas dessa serra, ocorrem muitos focos erosivos de grande porte do tipo ravinas e voçorocas, sobretudo nas proximidades de sua borda sul, onde se desenvolve uma grande reentrância dissecada contendo várias cabeceiras de drenagem. Duas voçorocas foram selecionadas para estudos detalhados por estarem na mesma situação geomorfológica de borda concavizada de relevo residual, no entanto, relacionadas a diferentes sistemas de solos, uma sobre cobertura pedológica representada pelo Latossolo Vermelho, Plintossolo Pétrico e Gleissolo e outra sobre Neossolo Quartzarênico e Organossolo. O trabalho teve como objetivos identificar a origem, os condicionantes e a evolução dos processos que causaram o surgimento e a evolução dessas voçorocas, visando elaborar propostas de estabilização e/ou controle adequadas. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com antigos moradores da serra sobre a origem e evolução das voçorocas selecionadas. Posteriormente, foram elaborados mapas temáticos do meio físico e de uso e ocupação do solo da área de pesquisa tendo como fonte imagens do satélite Landsat TM (resolução de 60 m) 1980 e, Landsat TM5 (resolução de 30 m) 2008 e imagens SRTM, para observar a evolução dos usos do solo e dos focos erosivos ao longo desse período. Os recursos operacionais utilizados foram os softwares: Envi 4.3, Arc Map – ArcGis 9.2, o Spring 5.0 e o CorelDRAW X3 versão 13. Em seguida, foram elaborados cadastros das ocorrências erosivas de acordo com a metodologia do IPT. Posteriormente foram descritos os horizontes dos solos expostos nos taludes das voçorocas em toposseqüência, com a utilização de rapel. As características físico-hídricas dos solos foram obtidas por meio de ensaios em campo de resistência à penetração com o penetrômetro de impacto, de condutividade hidráulica saturada com o uso do permeâmetro de Guelph, sucedidos pela caracterização dos atributos físicos (umidade gravimétrica, textura, densidade de partículas e do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade) e químicos (pH, MO, Fe, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, CTC e V). Foram realizadas análises de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para a comparação de médias. Os resultados mostraram que a voçoroca Córrego do André está se desenvolvendo sobre antiga cicatriz erosiva, evidenciada por meio da identificação de horizontes e/ou camadas pedológicas distintas entre os taludes direito e esquerdo da erosão que provavelmente foram depositados através de cortes e preenchimentos sucessivos. A sua evolução é comandada pelos fluxos superficiais concentrados em trilhas de gado que a circundam, associados aos fluxos concentrados que transbordam os terraços e atingem as suas bordas, bem como, em função da exfiltração da água subsuperficial no contato dos horizontes Bw ou Bc com o C subjacente nos taludes fortemente inclinados. A voçoroca Tingá com solos de textura mais arenosa, no seu trecho superior, possui baixa resistência à penetração (compactação) e elevada condutividade hidráulica saturada, por isso, sua progressão está associada à atuação continua dos mecanismos erosivos internos representados pelos pipings. O escoamento superficial pouco contribui para a progressão dessa erosão.
3

Use of soil moisture dynamics and patterns at different spatio-temporal scales for the investigation of subsurface flow processes

Blume, Theresa, Zehe, Erwin, Bronstert, Axel January 2009 (has links)
Spatial patterns as well as temporal dynamics of soil moisture have a major influence on runoff generation. The investigation of these dynamics and patterns can thus yield valuable information on hydrological processes, especially in data scarce or previously ungauged catchments. The combination of spatially scarce but temporally high resolution soil moisture profiles with episodic and thus temporally scarce moisture profiles at additional locations provides information on spatial as well as temporal patterns of soil moisture at the hillslope transect scale. This approach is better suited to difficult terrain (dense forest, steep slopes) than geophysical techniques and at the same time less cost-intensive than a high resolution grid of continuously measuring sensors. Rainfall simulation experiments with dye tracers while continuously monitoring soil moisture response allows for visualization of flow processes in the unsaturated zone at these locations. Data was analyzed at different spacio-temporal scales using various graphical methods, such as space-time colour maps (for the event and plot scale) and binary indicator maps (for the long-term and hillslope scale). Annual dynamics of soil moisture and decimeterscale variability were also investigated. The proposed approach proved to be successful in the investigation of flow processes in the unsaturated zone and showed the importance of preferential flow in the Malalcahuello Catchment, a datascarce catchment in the Andes of Southern Chile. Fast response times of stream flow indicate that preferential flow observed at the plot scale might also be of importance at the hillslope or catchment scale. Flow patterns were highly variable in space but persistent in time. The most likely explanation for preferential flow in this catchment is a combination of hydrophobicity, small scale heterogeneity in rainfall due to redistribution in the canopy and strong gradients in unsaturated conductivities leading to self-reinforcing flow paths.
4

Fluidização de solo arenoso associada à injeção de agente cimentante para ancoragem de estruturas offshore / Fluidisation of sandy soils associated to the injection of cementing agent for applying in offshore structures

Stracke, Fernanda January 2012 (has links)
A instalação de estruturas offshore em grandes profundidades demanda avanços na área da Engenharia, principalmente quanto ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias associadas à ancoragem destas estruturas. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os mecanismos e conceitos associados à fluidização de solos arenosos com jatos de água, associando a técnica ao melhoramento do solo com agente cimentante, com a finalidade de futuramente aplicar estas técnicas em campo, na instalação e fixação de fundações e âncoras para plataformas e estruturas offshore. O trabalho é fundamentado nas pesquisas de Niven (1998) e Mezzomo (2009). O estudo foi desenvolvido através de ensaios em laboratório, sendo os ensaios de fluidização executados em tanque de acrílico de 45 x 45 cm e altura de 110 cm. Foram realizados ensaios em areia fina de granulometria uniforme (d50 = 0,18 mm). Quanto aos ensaios de fluidização, foi avaliada a influência dos parâmetros do jato (vazão e velocidade) na geometria da zona fluidizada, verificando as equações empíricas para determinar a geometria da zona fluidizada através do número de Froude das partículas (Frp) - desenvolvidas por Mezzomo (2009) - e ampliando o banco de dados dos ensaios de fluidização. Foi avaliada a influência dos parâmetros do jato (vazão) e do solo (permeabilidade e diâmetro das partículas), sobre a profundidade crítica T3. Foi definida a relação entre a profundidade crítica T3 de ensaios executados no centro e na lateral do tanque de ensaios (T3centro/T3lateral = 0,5 a 0,8). Complementarmente, foram realizados ensaios de fluidização associados à injeção de agente cimentante, através dos quais foi possível compreender a forma geral de comportamento da injeção de agente cimentante em solos arenosos. Finalmente, foram executadas provas de carga estáticas à tração em solo arenoso fluidizado e não fluidizado, e em ensaios com injeção de calda de cimento. Através destes, verificou-se uma perda de capacidade de carga entre 30 e 50% devido à fluidização do solo. Além disso, a injeção de agente cimentante resultou em aumento da capacidade de carga entre 11 e 15 vezes, em relação aos ensaios sem injeção de agente cimentante. / The installation of offshore structures in deep water demands advances in Engineering, particularly for the development of new technologies associated with the anchor of these structures. The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms and concepts associated with fluidization of sandy soils with water jets, combining the technique of improvement of the soil with cementing agent in order to implement these techniques in the field for installing and arrest offshore foundations and anchors of platforms and structures, in the future. The work is based on Niven (1998) and Mezzomo (2009) researches. The study was developed through laboratory tests designed for fluidization tests carried on into acrylic tank of dimensions 45 x 45 cm and height of 110 cm. The tests were performed with uniform fine sand (d50 = 0.18 mm). About fluidization tests the influence of jet parameters (rate and speed) on the geometry of fluidized zone was evaluated, verifying empirical equations to determine the geometry of the fluidized zone through the Froude number - developed by Mezzomo (2009) - expanding the database of fluidization tests. The influence of the jet and soil parameters (rate, permeability and d50) on critical depth (T3) was carefully investigated. The relation of critical depth of the tests ran in the center and side position in the tank was found to be from 0.5 to 0.8. In addition, fluidization tests associated with injection of cementing agent were carried out to improve the understanding of the general behavior of the injection of cementing agent (cement grout) in sandy soils. Finally, static tension load tests on fluidized and no fluidized sand were performed, complemented by tests with injection of cement grout. Through these, it was found that there is a 30 to 50% loss in load capacity due to the fluidization of the soil. Furthermore, tests with injection of cement agent resulted in increasing load capacity about 11 up to 15 times, in relation to the tests without cement agent injection.
5

Fluidização de solo arenoso associada à injeção de agente cimentante para ancoragem de estruturas offshore / Fluidisation of sandy soils associated to the injection of cementing agent for applying in offshore structures

Stracke, Fernanda January 2012 (has links)
A instalação de estruturas offshore em grandes profundidades demanda avanços na área da Engenharia, principalmente quanto ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias associadas à ancoragem destas estruturas. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os mecanismos e conceitos associados à fluidização de solos arenosos com jatos de água, associando a técnica ao melhoramento do solo com agente cimentante, com a finalidade de futuramente aplicar estas técnicas em campo, na instalação e fixação de fundações e âncoras para plataformas e estruturas offshore. O trabalho é fundamentado nas pesquisas de Niven (1998) e Mezzomo (2009). O estudo foi desenvolvido através de ensaios em laboratório, sendo os ensaios de fluidização executados em tanque de acrílico de 45 x 45 cm e altura de 110 cm. Foram realizados ensaios em areia fina de granulometria uniforme (d50 = 0,18 mm). Quanto aos ensaios de fluidização, foi avaliada a influência dos parâmetros do jato (vazão e velocidade) na geometria da zona fluidizada, verificando as equações empíricas para determinar a geometria da zona fluidizada através do número de Froude das partículas (Frp) - desenvolvidas por Mezzomo (2009) - e ampliando o banco de dados dos ensaios de fluidização. Foi avaliada a influência dos parâmetros do jato (vazão) e do solo (permeabilidade e diâmetro das partículas), sobre a profundidade crítica T3. Foi definida a relação entre a profundidade crítica T3 de ensaios executados no centro e na lateral do tanque de ensaios (T3centro/T3lateral = 0,5 a 0,8). Complementarmente, foram realizados ensaios de fluidização associados à injeção de agente cimentante, através dos quais foi possível compreender a forma geral de comportamento da injeção de agente cimentante em solos arenosos. Finalmente, foram executadas provas de carga estáticas à tração em solo arenoso fluidizado e não fluidizado, e em ensaios com injeção de calda de cimento. Através destes, verificou-se uma perda de capacidade de carga entre 30 e 50% devido à fluidização do solo. Além disso, a injeção de agente cimentante resultou em aumento da capacidade de carga entre 11 e 15 vezes, em relação aos ensaios sem injeção de agente cimentante. / The installation of offshore structures in deep water demands advances in Engineering, particularly for the development of new technologies associated with the anchor of these structures. The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms and concepts associated with fluidization of sandy soils with water jets, combining the technique of improvement of the soil with cementing agent in order to implement these techniques in the field for installing and arrest offshore foundations and anchors of platforms and structures, in the future. The work is based on Niven (1998) and Mezzomo (2009) researches. The study was developed through laboratory tests designed for fluidization tests carried on into acrylic tank of dimensions 45 x 45 cm and height of 110 cm. The tests were performed with uniform fine sand (d50 = 0.18 mm). About fluidization tests the influence of jet parameters (rate and speed) on the geometry of fluidized zone was evaluated, verifying empirical equations to determine the geometry of the fluidized zone through the Froude number - developed by Mezzomo (2009) - expanding the database of fluidization tests. The influence of the jet and soil parameters (rate, permeability and d50) on critical depth (T3) was carefully investigated. The relation of critical depth of the tests ran in the center and side position in the tank was found to be from 0.5 to 0.8. In addition, fluidization tests associated with injection of cementing agent were carried out to improve the understanding of the general behavior of the injection of cementing agent (cement grout) in sandy soils. Finally, static tension load tests on fluidized and no fluidized sand were performed, complemented by tests with injection of cement grout. Through these, it was found that there is a 30 to 50% loss in load capacity due to the fluidization of the soil. Furthermore, tests with injection of cement agent resulted in increasing load capacity about 11 up to 15 times, in relation to the tests without cement agent injection.
6

Fluidização de solo arenoso associada à injeção de agente cimentante para ancoragem de estruturas offshore / Fluidisation of sandy soils associated to the injection of cementing agent for applying in offshore structures

Stracke, Fernanda January 2012 (has links)
A instalação de estruturas offshore em grandes profundidades demanda avanços na área da Engenharia, principalmente quanto ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias associadas à ancoragem destas estruturas. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os mecanismos e conceitos associados à fluidização de solos arenosos com jatos de água, associando a técnica ao melhoramento do solo com agente cimentante, com a finalidade de futuramente aplicar estas técnicas em campo, na instalação e fixação de fundações e âncoras para plataformas e estruturas offshore. O trabalho é fundamentado nas pesquisas de Niven (1998) e Mezzomo (2009). O estudo foi desenvolvido através de ensaios em laboratório, sendo os ensaios de fluidização executados em tanque de acrílico de 45 x 45 cm e altura de 110 cm. Foram realizados ensaios em areia fina de granulometria uniforme (d50 = 0,18 mm). Quanto aos ensaios de fluidização, foi avaliada a influência dos parâmetros do jato (vazão e velocidade) na geometria da zona fluidizada, verificando as equações empíricas para determinar a geometria da zona fluidizada através do número de Froude das partículas (Frp) - desenvolvidas por Mezzomo (2009) - e ampliando o banco de dados dos ensaios de fluidização. Foi avaliada a influência dos parâmetros do jato (vazão) e do solo (permeabilidade e diâmetro das partículas), sobre a profundidade crítica T3. Foi definida a relação entre a profundidade crítica T3 de ensaios executados no centro e na lateral do tanque de ensaios (T3centro/T3lateral = 0,5 a 0,8). Complementarmente, foram realizados ensaios de fluidização associados à injeção de agente cimentante, através dos quais foi possível compreender a forma geral de comportamento da injeção de agente cimentante em solos arenosos. Finalmente, foram executadas provas de carga estáticas à tração em solo arenoso fluidizado e não fluidizado, e em ensaios com injeção de calda de cimento. Através destes, verificou-se uma perda de capacidade de carga entre 30 e 50% devido à fluidização do solo. Além disso, a injeção de agente cimentante resultou em aumento da capacidade de carga entre 11 e 15 vezes, em relação aos ensaios sem injeção de agente cimentante. / The installation of offshore structures in deep water demands advances in Engineering, particularly for the development of new technologies associated with the anchor of these structures. The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms and concepts associated with fluidization of sandy soils with water jets, combining the technique of improvement of the soil with cementing agent in order to implement these techniques in the field for installing and arrest offshore foundations and anchors of platforms and structures, in the future. The work is based on Niven (1998) and Mezzomo (2009) researches. The study was developed through laboratory tests designed for fluidization tests carried on into acrylic tank of dimensions 45 x 45 cm and height of 110 cm. The tests were performed with uniform fine sand (d50 = 0.18 mm). About fluidization tests the influence of jet parameters (rate and speed) on the geometry of fluidized zone was evaluated, verifying empirical equations to determine the geometry of the fluidized zone through the Froude number - developed by Mezzomo (2009) - expanding the database of fluidization tests. The influence of the jet and soil parameters (rate, permeability and d50) on critical depth (T3) was carefully investigated. The relation of critical depth of the tests ran in the center and side position in the tank was found to be from 0.5 to 0.8. In addition, fluidization tests associated with injection of cementing agent were carried out to improve the understanding of the general behavior of the injection of cementing agent (cement grout) in sandy soils. Finally, static tension load tests on fluidized and no fluidized sand were performed, complemented by tests with injection of cement grout. Through these, it was found that there is a 30 to 50% loss in load capacity due to the fluidization of the soil. Furthermore, tests with injection of cement agent resulted in increasing load capacity about 11 up to 15 times, in relation to the tests without cement agent injection.
7

Recuperação e monitoramento de voçoroca em Neossolo Quartzarênico no município de Baliza, GO / Recovery and monitoring of a gully in an Entisol Quartzipsamment in the city of Baliza, GO

Custódio Filho, Ronaldo de Oliveira 25 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-31T14:26:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ronaldo de Oliveira Custódio Filho - 2011.pdf: 1681583 bytes, checksum: 86134c8dda00821921051ca11db4ac89 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-31T15:49:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ronaldo de Oliveira Custódio Filho - 2011.pdf: 1681583 bytes, checksum: 86134c8dda00821921051ca11db4ac89 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-31T15:49:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ronaldo de Oliveira Custódio Filho - 2011.pdf: 1681583 bytes, checksum: 86134c8dda00821921051ca11db4ac89 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Soil classification is a valuable tool in the ordination of its use and management, reducing the potential of this resource be used above or below its support capacity, and, thus, is a mechanism for its conservation. Contrasting with the conservation of soil, gullies are the most serious form of erosion and are generated by the concentration of runoff in rills, which expand and form large incisions. This form of soil degradation has several examples in the literature, which characterizes it as being an extensive problem. Thus, the development of technologies for the recovery and / or stabilization of gullies at low cost by using alternative materials so this practice has greater economic viability, is required. In this paper, the method used in the recovery of this erosion was the use of scrap tires as materials for its fill as well as use of mechanical, vegetative and soil management practices for its conservation. It was proceeded the evaluation of this recovery technique, and both the taxonomic classification of this soil, by Brazilian System of Soil Classification (Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação dos Solos, Embrapa, 2006) as the technique classification, by the Evaluation System of Agricultural Soil Suitability (Sistema de Avaliação da Aptidão Agrícola dos Solos, Ramalho Filho & Beek, 1995) of a soil of a lot of Agrarian Reform Settlement, in the city of Baliza – GO. This soil is degraded, and goes through an intensive process of linear erosion, both by rill as for gully erosion. The classification of this soil proved to be a valuable tool to determine its limitations and better use and management. With this tool was possible to determine the severe limitations that this soil have for agricultural use, as well as infer about the low level of technology under which this soil is handled that is taking it to its degradation. The technique adopted to halt this gully was efficient to contain the progress of erosion. Despite the adoption of an alternative technique for recovery the soil, a large amount of money was spent for the stabilization of soil erosion, which showed the severity of this problem. Despite the stabilization of this erosion have had the involvement of local residents, after the end of this intervention, they did not continue to adopt the practices of soil conservation that were recommended. Thus, the lack of maintenance, by the neighboring farmers to gully erosion, in the stabilized area, may propitiate the emergence of new erosion in that area. / A classificação do solo é uma ferramenta importante na ordenação de seu uso e manejo, reduzindo a possibilidade deste recurso ser usado acima ou aquém de sua capacidade de suporte, sendo, deste modo, um mecanismo de sua conservação. Contrapondo, com a conservação do solo, as voçorocas se constituem na forma mais grave da erosão e são geradas pela concentração do escoamento superficial em sulcos erosivos, que se expandem e formam grandes incisões. Esta forma de degradação do solo tem vários exemplos citados na literatura, o que a caracteriza como sendo abrangente. Deste modo, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a recuperação e/ou estabilização de voçorocas a baixo custo, com uso de materiais alternativos para que esta prática tenha maior viabilidade econômica, se faz necessário. No presente trabalho, o método utilizado na recuperação desta erosão foi o uso de pneus inservíveis como material para seu preenchimento, bem como uso de práticas mecânicas, vegetativas e edáficas de conservação do solo. Foi realizada a avaliação desta técnica de recuperação, bem como as classificações taxonômica, pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação dos Solos (Embrapa, 2006) e técnica, pelo Sistema de Avaliação da Aptidão Agrícola dos Solos (Ramalho Filho & Beek, 1995), do solo de um lote de Assentamento de Reforma Agrária, no município de Baliza – GO, que se encontra degradado, e passa por processo intenso de erosão linear, tanto por sulco quanto voçoroca. A classificação deste solo demonstrou ser uma ferramenta importante para determinar suas limitações e seu melhor uso e manejo. Com esta ferramenta, foi possível determinar as severas limitações que este solo apresenta para o uso agrícola, bem como, inferir a respeito do baixo nível tecnológico sob o qual este solo é manejado que está levando-o a sua degradação. Apesar da adoção de uma técnica alternativa de recuperação, foi despendido um grande montante econômico para a estabilização da erosão, o que evidenciou a gravidade deste problema. A técnica adotada mostrou-se eficiente para conter o avanço da erosão. Apesar da estabilização desta erosão ter tido o envolvimento de moradores do local, depois de finalizada a intervenção, os mesmos não continuaram a adotar as práticas de conservação do solo recomendadas. Assim, a falta de manutenção na área estabilizada por parte dos agricultores vizinhos à voçoroca pode propiciar o surgimento de novos processos erosivos nessa área.
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Growth, yield and quality of tomatoes (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)and lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) as affected by gel-polymer soil amendment and irrigation management

Maboko, Martin Makgose 20 February 2007 (has links)
Tomato and lettuce are amongst the most important fresh vegetables used in South Africa. However, growth, yield and quality of tomato and lettuce are constrained by water shortage and poor productivity of sandy soil. In South Africa, large parts of the agricultural land are in a semi-arid region and water is becoming scarcer and more costly. Recognizing the fundamental importance of water-holding amendments like gel-polymers to enhance water use efficiency and soil physical properties, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of pure gel-polymer and fertiliser-fused gel-polymer soil amendments across five irrigation intervals on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The response of tomato growth, yield and quality to irrigation interval and gel-polymer soil amendments (pure gel-polymer and fertiliser fused gel-polymer) was conducted in a tunnel. The gel-polymer treatments were: control (sandy soil), two pure gel-polymer levels (8 and 16 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 400 g and 800 g-m-3) and two fertiliser fused gel-polymer levels (20 and 40 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 1 kg and 2 kg-m-3). Irrigation was either applied once daily or every second, third, fourth or fifth day, equivalent to 0.8, 1.25, 1.45, 1.88 and 2.29 L of water per 20 L bag of sand. Fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit number, plant height, stem diameter, number of trusses, root fresh and dry mass, total soluble solids, fruit juice pH and titratable acidity were determined. Neither irrigation interval nor gel-polymer amendments had an influence on tomato quality (total soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity). Generally, plant yield, height, stem diameter, number of trusses, and root fresh and dry mass were increased with gel-polymer amendments compared to pure sandy soil. Regardless of irrigation interval, both fertilizer-fused gel-polymer levels appeared to be effective in improving plant growth and yield compared to pure gel-polymer, which gave good results only at the higher level of application. The study revealed that gel-polymer amendments increased productivity of tomato on a sandy soil. Similarly, the response of lettuce growth, yield and quality to gel-polymers and irrigation intervals was investigated under a tunnel conditions. The gel-polymer treatments were: control, two pure gel-polymer levels (4 and 8 g-10 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 400 g and 800 g-m-3) and two fertilizer-fused gel-polymer levels (10 and 20 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 1 kg and 2 kg-m-3). Irrigation was either applied daily or every second, third, fourth or fifth day, equivalent to 0.63, 0.83, 1.04, 1.25 and 1.46 L per 10 L plastic bags. Measurements were made of fresh head mass, head height, head circumference, head diameter, stem diameter, fresh root mass, dry root mass and dry head mass. The dried head samples were analysed for percentage tissue calcium and nitrogen. Lettuce grown on sandy soil amended with higher level of pure gel-polymer (Stock 8) and both fertiliser fused gel-polymer levels (Aqua 10 and 20) resulted in significantly higher fresh and dry head mass, head circumference, head diameter, head height, stem diameter, and fresh and dry root mass as compared to low level of pure gel-polymer (Stock 4) and sandy soil without gel-polymer (control). All irrigation intervals did not have an effect on growth, yield and quality of lettuce except at irrigation interval of every third day, which significantly lowered head circumference. Gel-polymer did not have a significant effect on percentage calcium and nitrogen concentration in the leaf tissue. Growing lettuce in soil amended with higher pure gel-polymer (Stock 8) level and both fertiliser-fused gel-polymer (Aqua 20 and Aqua 40) would likely be economically advantageous for a grower due to improved growth and higher yield of good quality lettuce. / Dissertation (MSc (Horticulture))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted
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Estudo dos mecanismos de transporte de sódio, fosfato e amônio em colunas indeformadas de material inconsolidado residual de arenitos da Formação Adamantina / Study of sodium, phosphate and ammonium transport mechanisms in undisturbed columns of unconsolidated residual material of sandstones of the Adamantina Formation

Godoy, Vanessa Almeida de 05 September 2013 (has links)
Esta dissertação apresentou um estudo dos mecanismos de transporte de sódio, fosfato e amônio em colunas indeformadas de material inconsolidado residual de arenitos da Formação Adamantina. Em campo foi realizada caracterização táctil visual do material, alem de ensaios de condutividade hidráulica. Em laboratório, realizou-se ensaio de coluna em material indeformado, para que fossem obtidos os parâmetros de fluxo de água: velocidade linear media, velocidade de Darcy, vazão e condutividade hidráulica. Também foram obtidos os coeficientes de dispersão hidrodinâmica dos três íons estudados por meio de quatro métodos. Os fatores de retardamento dos íons foram obtidos por meio de três métodos. Para auxiliar nas analises, o solo foi caracterizado mineralógica, química, física e físico-quimicamente. Adicionalmente foram feitas analises da poro simetria e estudo das trajetórias de transporte. As informações foram integradas para que fosse possível analisar os parâmetros de transporte de solutos no solo. Com esta pesquisa percebeu-se que o uso dos parâmetros de transporte em modelagem do transporte de contaminantes deve ser feito com cautela, observando tanto as características do solo (mineralógicas, físicas, físico-químicas) quanto os modelos conceituais e as limitações dos métodos utilizados. / This research aimed to study the transport mechanisms of sodium, phosphate and ammonium in undisturbed columns of unconsolidated residual material of the sandstones from the Adamantina Formation. At field, visual and tactile characterization of the material were performed as well as hydraulic conductivity tests . At laboratory, there were made column tests in undisturbed samples to obtain the parameters of water flow, i.e., average linear velocity, Darcy velocity, flow rate and hydraulic conductivity. Hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients of every studied ion were determined using four methods. The retardation factors of the three ions were obtained using three methods. To assist the analysis, the soil was mineralogical, chemistry, physically and physic-chemically characterized. We also analyzed the water retention curve, mercury intrusion porosimetry and solute transport trajectories. All available data were integrated for analyzing the parameters of solute transport in soil. The results showed that the use of transport parameters in modeling of contaminant transport should be done with caution, observing soil characteristics, the conceptual models and the limitations of the methods used.
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Effects of Water Holding Capacity and Precipitation on Above Ground Net Primary Production

January 2019 (has links)
abstract: Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) is an important ecosystem process that, in drylands, is most frequently limited by water availability. Water availability for plants is in part controlled by the water holding capacity of soils. Available water holding capacity (AWHC) of soils is strongly influenced by soil texture and depth. This study drew upon localized rain gauge data and four data-sets of cover-line and biomass data to estimate ANPP and to determine annual precipitation (PPT). I measured soil depth to caliche and texture by layer of 112 plots across the four landscape units for which estimation of ANPP were available. A pedotransfer function was used to estimate AWHC from soil depth increments to depth of caliche measurements and texture analysis. These data were analyzed using simple and multivariate regression to test the effect of annual precipitation and available water holding capacity on aboveground net primary production. Soil texture remained constant among all plots (sandy loam) and depth to caliche varied from 15.16 cm to 189 cm. AWHC and the interaction term (PPT*AWHC) were insignificant (p=0.142, p=0.838) and annual PPT accounted for 18.4% of the variation in ANPP. The y-intercept was significantly different for ANPP ~ annual PPT when considering AWHC values either above or below 3 cm. Shrub ANPP was insensitive to precipitation regardless of AWHC (R2=-0.012, R2=0.014). Results from this study indicate that a model incorporating annual PPT and AWHC may not serve as a good predictor for ANPP at a site level where there is little variation in soil texture. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Sustainability 2019

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