Företaget vars denna studie görs i samråd med, har identifierat problem beträffande de sömnadsprover som erhållits från olika underleverantörer. Återkommande passformsproblem har resulterat i att företaget valt att utveckla grundkonstruktioner för olika överdels- samt nederdelsplagg för att tids- samt kostnadseffektivisera framtagningsprocessen av nya klädesplagg. Utgångspunkt för denna studie är en dam-byxgrund konstruerad enligt anvisningar ur Öberg, Ersman, Cedervall och Svensson (2010). En programvara med tredimensionell avprovning används för att effektivisera utvecklingsprocessen av denna. Företagets kroppsmåttlista har jämförts gentemot STU (1977) ”Storlekssystem för damkläder; Måttlistor och marknadsandelstabeller”, SIS (2017) ”Storleksmärkning av kläder; Storleksmärkning baserad på kroppsmått och intervall” samt tre e-handelsbolags kroppsmåttlistor för att analysera företagets val av byst-, midje- samt stussomfång. Gradering tillämpas i denna studie utifrån två olika tillvägagångsätt för att jämföra dessa: (1) en underleverantörs applicering av koordinater utifrån en tillhandahållen skillnadsmåttlista från företaget, (2) anvisningar från undervisningsmaterial som används tillsammans med STU (ibid) och SIS (ibid). Studien belyser en problematik beträffande gradering som överlåtes till underleverantörer. Här uppmärksammas nödvändigheten av att regelbundet kontrollera denna, då det inte finns någon existerande process för hur detta görs i nuläget. Det finns även ett behov av att se över företagets kroppsmåttlista, specifikt bystomfånget, då avvikelser har uppmärksammats i denna studie. / The company which this study is in collaboration with, has highlighted a complex of problems regarding production samples received from subcontractors. Because of re-appearing fitting problems, the company has chosen to develop basic patterns for different types of garments to make the production process more time and cost efficient when creating new products. Starting-point for this study is a basic pattern for women’s pants created from Öberg, Ersman, Cedervall and Svensson’s (2010) directions. A three-dimensional fitting software is used to make the development process of the pants more efficient. The company’s body measurement chart is compared to STU (1977) “Sizing systems for women’s clothing; Measurement charts and market-share tables”, SIS (2017) “Size designation of clothes; Size labelling based on body measurements and intervals” and three e-businesses to analyze deviations. Two different grading techniques are applied in this study to compare them both: (1) a subcontractor’s choice on how to apply grading coordinates based on a given chart with differential measurements from the company, (2) tutoring materials from school that are being used in correlation with STU (ibid) and SIS (ibid). This study identifies a problem regarding grading as this stage is passed on to the subcontractors. Here follows an importance of always verifying the grading that is applied onto the pattern, because there is no existing process of how this is managed at this current moment. The company needs to look over their body measurement chart, specifically regarding the chest, because deviations have been observed in this study.

Microsoft Research / Although runtime systems and the dynamic compilation model have revolutionized the process of application development and deployment, the associated performance overheads continue to be a cause for concern and much research. In the first part of this thesis, we describe the design and implementation of an adaptive recompilation framework for Rotor, a shared source implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) that can increase program performance through intelligent recompilation decisions and optimizations based on the program's past behavior. Our extensions to Rotor include a low overhead runtime-stack based sampling profiler that identifies program hotspots. A recompilation controller oversees the recompilation process and generates recompilation requests. At the first-level of a multi-level optimizing compiler, code in the intermediate language is converted to an internal intermediate representation and optimized using a set of simple transformations. The compiler uses a fast yet effective linear scan algorithm for register allocation. Hot methods can be instrumented in order to collect basic-block, edge and call-graph profile information. Profile-guided optimizations driven by online profile information are used to further optimize heavily executed methods at the second level of recompilation. An evaluation of the framework using a set of test programs shows that performance can improve by a maximum of 42.3% and by 9% on average. Our results also show that the overheads of collecting accurate profile information through instrumentation to an extent outweigh the benefits of profile-guided optimizations in our implementation, suggesting the need for implementing techniques that can reduce such overheads. A flexible and extensible framework design implies that additional profiling and optimization techniques can be easily incorporated to further improve performance. As previously stated, fine-grained and accurate profile information must be available at low cost for advanced profile-guided optimizations to be effective in online environments. In this second part of this thesis, we propose a generic framework that makes it possible for instrumentation based profilers to collect profile data efficiently, a task that has traditionally been associated with high overheads. The essence of the scheme is to make the underlying hardware aware of instrumentation using a special set of profile instructions and tuned microarchitecture. This not only allows the hardware to provide the runtime with mechanisms to control the profiling activity, but also makes it possible for the hardware itself to optimize the process of profiling in a manner transparent to the runtime. We propose selective instruction dispatch as one possible controlling mechanism that can be used by the runtime to manage the execution of profile instructions and keep profiling overheads under check. We propose profile flag prediction, a hardware optimization that complements the selective dispatch mechanism by not fetching profile instructions when the runtime has turned profiling off. The framework is light-weight and flexible. It eliminates the need for expensive book-keeping, recompilation or code duplication. Our simulations with benchmarks from the SPEC CPU2000 suite show that overheads for call-graph and basic block profiling can be reduced by 72.7% and 52.4% respectively with a negligible loss in accuracy.