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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes special report study entitled: Psychologizing spaces. Also available in print.

During the nineteenth century, an artistic trend spread across Europe. As urban centers housed the majority of professional artists, individuals and groups relocated to remote, bucolic areas to form art colonies. Artist colonies are typically defined as a group of artists, generally painters, writers, and composers who worked and lived as a community for a certain period of time1. Artists left their city lifestyles as a response to urbanization and industrialization. In other words, the movement encouraged reform of social, environmental, and economic conditions to prevent the decline of true artisanship. The artistic response personified an underlying utopian theme: preservation of the simple life, nostalgia, and set of values threatened by industrialization. This idyllic impulse eventually spread to America. The American art colonies were mainly located in the Northeastern states, the Southwest and Northern California. The present study seeks to analyze art colonies' transformation from rural settings to urban art communities, particularly Florida's art centers. The study finds commonality among the artist colonies of yesterday and the modern art enclaves of today. Some common themes include: desire for seclusion, camaraderie with fellow artists, and inspiration from a environment and/or nature. Chapter one offers a brief history of art colonies in Europe and the influence of landscapes on artists. Chapter two explores the development of American art colonies and their connection to landscapes and the urban influence of modern art on the artists. Chapter three investigates the history of the most significant art colonies in Florida: St. Augustine, Sarasota, Maitland, and New Smyrna Beach. This chapter also examines how artist enclaves support urban communities economically, culturally, and through diversity; specifically, through examples in small towns transformed into diverse Floridian art communities. Art has always provided a unique historical record of social, regional, environmental, and creative changes. The art colonies and communities discussed in this thesis show how the artistic impulses for creativity attract individuals to places and transform them into important art centers. 1 Nina Lubbren, Rural Artist Colonies in Europe, 1870-1910 (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 2001), 2.

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This thesis explores the role of heritage revitalization in the downtown revitalization process. Heritage revitalization is defined as the economic benefits derived from heritage conservation. Three questions are addressed in this thesis; they are: 1. Does the Provincial Heritage Conservation Statutes Amendment Act. 1994 provide local governments in British Columbia with the necessary tools to respond to the unique circumstances of heritage revitalization? 2. Can heritage revitalization strategies improve the economic viability of historic downtowns? 3. What planning lessons can be learned from the experiences of many Canadian and American cities that have implemented successful downtown heritage revitalization strategies? A case study approach is used in this thesis to evaluate the role of heritage revitalization in the economic renewal of downtowns. The thesis case study is the 400 to 800 blocks of Columbia Street, located in downtown New Westminster, British Columbia. Columbia Street is the historic commercial core of New Westminster. A conceptual framework is developed which details the planning steps necessary in formulating a heritage revitalization strategy. The conceptual framework is based on approaches from several North American cities successful in rejuvenating their historic downtowns. This framework is applied to the Columbia Street case study and is used in the evaluation of heritage strategies for consideration. The thesis research concludes that Columbia Street is a sensitive heritage precinct in need of heritage policies, and a balance between heritage regulations and incentives. A heritage revitalization strategy is recommended for Columbia Street. The strategy contains specific heritage policies, zoning amendments and financial incentives designed to protect various heritage buildings on Columbia Street and Downtown New Westminster's overall character.

This thesis identifies those elements significant to the redevelopment of urban riverfronts. Its purpose is to determine those planning and design considerations which will protect and enhance river environments while increasing the opportunities for people to enjoy a physical and visual contact with the river. This is accomplished by presenting an overview of urban riverfronts, their development and problems, rivers and their environment, historical progression of settlements along rivers, and planning and design considerations for urban riverfronts.In addition, this thesis presents a case study which applies urban riverfront planning and design considerations to the Vincennes, Indiana-Wabash Riverfront. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / "Workshop report." Includes bibliographical references.

My research explores the tension between being and becoming modern and moral for British-born Muslim Pakistani women in Sheffield through an investigation into the judgements that surround beauty, beautification, and beauty work. Through ethnography I unpack the raced and classed regimes in which my interlocutors are embedded, arguing that global Islam and Asian are affiliations that are realised in relation to the English (White British) community. Through comparisons to White British women (referred to as ‘English’ amongst my informants), the young Pakistani women I met negotiate an understanding of themselves and others within a schema of British multiculturalism, in which English are the standard for which to aim. Over the last 10 years, the number of young, British-born Pakistani women in Sheffield who are establishing Ladies Only beauty salons and training as Asian Bridal Make-Up Artists has increased rapidly. These specialised services, catering for Muslim and Asian women respectively, appear at first glance to be conflictual with the notion of piety. In my thesis, I demonstrate how these two narratives overlap and are brought together by the idiom of ‘good intention’, a trope which centres on a discussion of self-esteem and female empowerment. In the everyday, beauty and beautification are judged through perceptions of ‘naturalness’ and ‘balance’, a narrative that gives way to one of beauty-as-effort during celebratory occasions. Whereas everyday beautification is directly linked to the superior beauty and beautification of White English women through discussions of ‘natural’ fair skin and good taste, I suggest that the perception of Asian beauty-as-effort is also compared to perceptions of White English beauty. Although Asian beauty-as-effort and transformation are considered superior to the mere improvement undertaken by White English women during celebratory occasions, forms of beautification thought of as Asian, are used as a measure of the ‘progression’ of the Pakistani community as a whole along a continuum on which the White English community is thought of as the furthest progressed. The popularity of beauty work amongst my informants is due to the perception that such work has high earning potential as well as offering job flexibility and the possibility of being one’s own boss. These positive attributes are troubled, however, by a perception of beauty work as being specifically related to Pakistani women, low-skilled, and potentially immoral. In my thesis, I explore how beauty workers negotiate the negative connotations of beauty work through contemplation of their Islamic faith, kinship relations, and the notion that beauty work is just a hobby or a stepping stone to ‘proper’ work within a graduate profession.

This thesis explores the role of heritage revitalization in the downtown revitalization process. Heritage revitalization is defined as the economic benefits derived from heritage conservation. Three questions are addressed in this thesis; they are: 1. Does the Provincial Heritage Conservation Statutes Amendment Act. 1994 provide local governments in British Columbia with the necessary tools to respond to the unique circumstances of heritage revitalization? 2. Can heritage revitalization strategies improve the economic viability of historic downtowns? 3. What planning lessons can be learned from the experiences of many Canadian and American cities that have implemented successful downtown heritage revitalization strategies? A case study approach is used in this thesis to evaluate the role of heritage revitalization in the economic renewal of downtowns. The thesis case study is the 400 to 800 blocks of Columbia Street, located in downtown New Westminster, British Columbia. Columbia Street is the historic commercial core of New Westminster. A conceptual framework is developed which details the planning steps necessary in formulating a heritage revitalization strategy. The conceptual framework is based on approaches from several North American cities successful in rejuvenating their historic downtowns. This framework is applied to the Columbia Street case study and is used in the evaluation of heritage strategies for consideration. The thesis research concludes that Columbia Street is a sensitive heritage precinct in need of heritage policies, and a balance between heritage regulations and incentives. A heritage revitalization strategy is recommended for Columbia Street. The strategy contains specific heritage policies, zoning amendments and financial incentives designed to protect various heritage buildings on Columbia Street and Downtown New Westminster's overall character. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Influencers are the new opinion leaders, especially for young people in today's mediated society. Young women tend to follow beauty-oriented influencers, who are often using feminist messages in their content. The aim of this study is to investigate how young women, aged 16-19 years, feel that they are influenced by following beauty-oriented influencers and how they perceive the relationship between influencers, feminism and beauty. The study is also aimed to investigate the possible paradox that may arise in the relationship between beauty focus and feminism. This leads up to the following two research questions, RQ1: How do young women feel they are influenced by following beauty-oriented influencers in social media? RQ2: How do young women perceive the relationship between influencers, feminism and beauty in social media? The theoretical framework is based on a constructionist paradigm and consists more specifically of feminist media theory and theories about postfeminism, combined with theories about personal influence and representation. To conduct the material we are interviewing four focus groups. The material is analyzed through a thematic analysis. The results show that these young women are more positively affected by content they perceive as genuinely feminist, such as norm-breaking content, and more negatively affected by content they perceive as less feminist, such as norm setting content. The focus group participants also see a paradox in using feminist messages in beauty-related marketing. These insights can contribute to an increased awareness of what content in social media is more or less developmental for young women, and underlines the importance that influencers talk about feminism in a way that does not diminish the word.