Orientador: Mário de Beni Arrigoni / Coorientador: Danilo Domingues Millen / Banca: Ricardo Velludo Gomes de Soutello / Banca: Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os efeitos das diferentes frequências de alimentação sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e saúde ruminal de bovinos Nelore confinados. Foram utilizados 48 machos inteiros, com idade média de 18 meses e peso vivo médio inicial de 358,2 ± 19,4 kg, blocados por peso e divididos em quatro tratamentos: 1) fornecimento da ração uma vez por dia (1x; 8:00), 2) fornecimento da ração duas vezes por dia (2x; 8:00 e 14:00), 3) fornecimento da ração três vezes por dia (3x; 08:00, 11:00 e 14:00), e 4) fornecimento da ração quatro vezes ao dia (4x; 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 e 17:00), caracterizando assim um delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 12 repetições (1 animal/baia), em que baia considerada a unidade experimental. O período experimental foi de 94 dias, sendo que o programa de adaptação consistiu em alimentação ad libitum de duas dietas de adaptação ao longo do período de 9-d com o aumento do nível de concentrado de 60% para 72%, seguido de 86% da matéria seca. Regressão polinomial foram utilizados para avaliar a relação linear, quadrática e cúbica entre a frequência de alimentação e a variável dependente. O aumento da frequência alimentar afetou de forma linear o peso vivo final, ganho de peso diário, eficiência alimentar, células em mitose, índice mitótico, total de células e células em proliferação. O peso de carcaça quente foi afetado de forma linear e cúbica, bem como a altura e área das papilas ruminais. Com base nos resultados, a frequência de alimentação de três vezes ao dia proporcionou aos animais maiores valores para área e altura das papilas ruminais, e maior peso de carcaça quente e, por isso, recomenda-se alimentar bovinos Nelore confinados no mínimo três vezes ao dia / The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different feeding frequencies on performance, carcass characteristics and rumen health of feedlot Nellore. 48 males were used, with an average age of 18 months and average live weight of 358.2 ± 19.4 kg, blocados by weight and divided into four treatments: 1) providing the feed once a day (1x; 8: 00) 2) supplying the feed twice a day (2x; 8:00 to 14:00), 3) providing three times daily ration (3x, 08:00, 11:00 and 14:00), and 4) supply of feed four times a day (4x; 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00), characterizing a randomized block design with 12 repetitions (1 animal / pen), where pen considered the experimental unit. The experimental period was 94 days, and the adaptation program consisted of ad libitum feeding both diets throughout the adaptation 9d period with the increase in the level of concentrate 60% to 72% followed by 86% the dry matter. Regression coefficients were used to assess the linear, quadratic and cubic relationship between power and frequency dependent variable. Increased food frequency affected linearly final body weight, daily gain, feed efficiency, cells in mitosis, mitotic index, total cells and proliferating cells. The hot carcass weight was affected linear and cubic shape and the height and area of rumen papillae. Based on the results, three times daily feed provided to the animals frequency higher values for the area and height of the ruminal papillae, and increased hot carcass weight and, therefore, it is recommended to feed Nellore confined at least three times day. / Mestre

Orientador: Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro / Coorientador: Marcos Chiquitelli Neto / Banca: João Batista Alves / Banca: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a influência de teores de concentrado na emissão de metano e de dióxido de carbono, no desempenho e digestibilidade de bovinos Guzerá terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados trinta e seis bovinos da raça Guzerá, com peso médio de 464 kg e idade de 30 meses e alojados em baias individuais de 10m2 . O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos 30, 50 e 70% de concentrado na dieta e 12 repetições por tratamento para o desempenho e digestibilidade. Para obtenção dos dados referentes à produção de metano, pH e a degradação ruminal, o delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com 3 períodos de incubação totalizando 21 repetições por ingrediente. O ganho de peso diário foi de 0,99 kg, 1,33kg e 1,22kg respectivamente, para dieta com 30, 50 e 70%, evidenciando que houve diferença (P<0,01) entre os tratamentos. O consumo de matéria seca foi menor à medida que aumentou o nível de concentrado com médias de 11,04, 10,75 e 7,67 kg/dia respectivamente para dietas com 30, 50 e 70%. A melhor conversão alimentar foi observada no tratamento de 70% de concentrado (6,73%), a qual também apresentou melhor digestibilidade entre os tratamentos. A produção de metano na dieta com 50% de concentrado apresentou as maiores médias. Na produção de gases em 12 e 24 horas foram observados que níveis maiores de concentrado apresentaram maior nível de dióxido de carbono em relação ao metano. Sendo assim as dietas com 50 e 70% de concentrado apresentaram melhor desempenho; a dieta com 70% de concentrado apresentou menor produção de metano, maior digestibilidade, menor conversão alimentar e ganho de peso em relação as dietas dos demais tratamentos / Abstract: Not available / Mestre

Orientador: Danilo Domingues Millen / Coorientador: Mário de Beni Arrigoni / Banca: Rafael da Costa Cervieri / Banca: Gustavo Rezende Siqueira / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso combinado de monensina sódica (MON) e virginiamicina (VM) sobre o desempenho produtivo, comportamento ingestivo, características de carcaça, e saúde ruminal de bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 72 animais machos inteiros da raça Nelore, com peso vivo médio inicial de 388±31,07 kg, provindos de sistema de recria em pasto. Os animais foram divididos em quatro tratamentos de acordo com associação ou não dos aditivos nas fases de adaptação e terminação: MON (30 mg/kg) na adaptação + terminação; MON (30 mg/kg) + VM (25 mg/kg) na adaptação e VM (25 mg/kg) na terminação; MON (30 mg/kg) + VM (25 mg/kg) na adaptação e VM (25 mg/kg) + MON (30 mg/kg) na terminação e VM (25 mg/kg) na adaptação e MON (30 mg/kg) + VM (25 mg/kg) na terminação, caracterizando assim delineamento em blocos casualizados, em que cada tratamento contou com 6 repetições (3 animais por baia, sendo as baias as unidades experimentais). A duração do experimento foi de 90 dias, sendo 19 dias de adaptação, divididos em três períodos (7, 5 e 7 dias) com dietas de 69%, 74% e 79% de ingredientes concentrados, respectivamente; e 71 dias de terminação, com dieta contendo 84% de concentrado. Durante a fase de adaptação, a suplementação somente com VM aumentou a ingestão de matéria seca em quilos (IMSKG), ingestão de matéria seca em % do peso vivo (IMSPV), diminuiu a flutuação da ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) em quilos e em porcentagem e diminui os dias para os animais atingirem 2% de IMSPV (P<0,05). No período total de confinamento, a suplementação com MON e VM na fase de adaptação e somente VM na terminação aumentou o PV final, IMSKG, IMSPV, GPD, peso de carcaça quente, área de olho de lombo (AOL) final e ganho de AOL por dia. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros relacionados a saúde ruminal e seletividade da... / Abstract: The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of combined use of monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) in the adaptation period and finishing period on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, ruminal health and carcass characteristics of Nellore cattle. Seventy two 26-mo-old yearling Nellore bulls (388±31.07 kg), backgrounded on pasture were randomly allocated and kept in 24 pens (10 m² and e 1.67 m bunk space per animal) according to the treatments: MON (30 mg/kg) in the adaptation and finishing period, MON (30 mg/kg ) + VM (25 mg/kg) in adaptation and only VM (25 mg/kg) in finish, MON (30 mg/kg) + VM (25 mg / kg) in adaptation and VM (25 mg/kg) + MON (30 mg/kg) in finish and VM (25 mg/kg) in adaptation MON (30 mg/kg) + VM (25 mg/kg) in finish, thus characterizing a completely randomized block design. Each treatment was composed by 6 replications (pens) in this study. The adaptation program consisted of ad libitum feeding of three adaptation diets over period of 19 days with concentrate level increasing from 69% to 84% of diet dry matter. During the adaptation period, animals feed with only VM showed greater dry matter intake in kilos, dry matter intake expressed as % of body weight, reduced in dry matter intake variation in kilos and percentage, and the number of days to achieve 2% of DMI, expressed as % of body weight (P<0.05). Throughout the study, steers that were fed MON and VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period increase final BW, DMI in kilograms and as percentage of BW, average daily gain, hot carcass weight, ribeye area and daily gain of ribeye area when compared to animals receiving others combinations. There were no differences between the treatments for parameters related of rumen health and selective consumption of ration (P>0.05). Thus, supplementation with only VM in the adaptation period improved the feedlot performance of the animals during the adaptation period; hovewer, the... / Mestre

Thesis (MSc. (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / A study was conducted to determine the effect of shredded Colophospermum (C.) mopane wood inclusion as roughage on performance of fattening Nguni heifers weighing 200 ± 5kg. The four diets used were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different shredded C. mopane wood inclusion levels of 5 (F95M5), 8.5 (F91.5M8.5), 10 (F90M10) and 15 (F85M15) %. The heifers were randomly allocated to the treatments in a completely randomized design. A quadratic equation was used to determine the shredded C. mopane inclusion levels for optimal productivity of the heifers. Shredded C. mopane wood inclusion level had effect (P<0.05) on intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Diet DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF intakes per metabolic weight and FCR of Nguni heifers were optimized at different shredded C. mopane wood inclusion levels of 11.0, 13.7, 8.0, 15.0, 14.0, 14.0 and 15%, respectively. However, shredded C. mopane wood inclusion level did not affect (P>0.05) diet in vitro digestibility, carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat pH, meat shear force values and meat colour intensities except for red colour intensity of rump steak. It was, thus, concluded that shredded C. mopane wood can be used as roughage without adversely affecting diet intake, FCR, and live weight of Nguni heifers. However, diet intake and FCR were optimized at different C. mopane wood inclusion levels.

Six Angus steers were used in a series of three metabolism trials to study the effect of energy concentration on nitrogen metabolism and digestibility. The experimental design consisted of two randomly selected 3 x 3 Latin squares. Three fattening rations were ted which contained 1133, 1164 and 1222 kcal. digestible energy per lb. feed and 12.18, 12.51 and 12.29% crude protein, respectively. The rations were composed of 10% grass hay, shelled corn, corn cobs and cottonseed meal. An attempt was made to equalize calcium and phosphorus contents. Vitamins A and D were added at the rate or 30,000 I.U. and 3750 I.U. per steer per day, respectively. Energy concentration was varied by changing the proportions of shelled corn and corn cobs. Digestible and metabolizable energy and TDN were all significantly increased with each increase in energy concentration. Digestible energy concentration of feed had no significant effect on nitrogen retention. Biological value waa higher for the medium energy ration than for the low or high energy rations. The quadratic effect was significant (P < .05). The apparent digestibilities of crude protein and ether extract were not influenced by energy concentration. Digestibility of' dry matter, organic matter and NPE significantly increased and digestibility of crude fiber significantly decreased with each increase in energy concentration. / Master of Science

M.S.

Master of Science

Thie experiment was conducted by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station for the purpose of comparing the values of several feeds for wintering beef steers with especial regard for local conditions. 1st. 28 lbs. silage and 1 lb. cottonseed meal will maintain 1000-pound steers during the winter without a loss of more than 25 lbs. per head. 2nd. 38 lbs. silage per steer per day will give about the same results as above. 3rd. Steers will change from grass to silage and from silage to grass again with practically no loss in weight. 4th. Steers fed silage alone, and stover and corn meal during the winter were the only steers to average 2 pounds gain per day on grass. 5th. Steers fed on silage alone made greatest total gain at the lowest cost per 100 pounds gain. 6th. Steers fed on stover and corn meal made the least total gain at the greatest cost per 100 pounds gain. 7th. Silage is a very economical feed for wintering steers, while stover and corn meal is a very costly feed. 8th. One pound of cottonseed meal will replace ten pounds of silage and it may be advisable to make this substitution when silage is scarce, or cottonseed meal cheap, or both, although cottonseed meal is not absolutely necessary. 9th. Winter steers so that they will not lose more than 25 pounds each during the winter months, for greater losses cannot be overcome during the grazing season. / Master of Science

The effect of selenium (Se) supplementation, by ad libitum salt-mineral mixture (SMM) and/or Se injection, on bovine immune response was evaluated in three experiments. Sixty weaned beef calves, with marginal blood Se (67 μg Se/1), were allotted to one of six Se treatment groups in a 70-day experiment. Antibody responses to lysozyme were lower in calves fed 20 ppm Se salt-mineral mixture (SMM) ad libitum as compared to calves fed 20 ppm Se SMM and injected with 0.1 mg Se + 1.0IU vitamin E/kg body weight, IM, or with calves ad libitum fed 80, 120, 160, or 200 ppm Se SMM. Blood Se on day 70 was higher in calves fed 80, 120, 160, or 200 ppm Se SMM than calves fed 20 ppm Se and injected with 0.1 mg Se + 1.0 IU vitamin E/kg of body weight, IM. An ad libitum 120 ppm Se SMM was compared to Se injection in 80 mid-gestation beef cows that were Se-deficient (50 μg Se/l blood). Supplementation with 120 ppm Se SMM increased blood Se in cows and calves to > 100 μg/l, increased IgG concentrations in colostrum, and increased IgG concentrations in serum of post-suckle calves. Calves from Se-adequate dams had higher Se concentrations in blood and higher average daily gains at 60 days than Se-deficient calves injected with Se at birth. An ad libitum 120 ppm Se SMM was compared to Se injection in 60 Se-deficient (41 μg Se/l blood) weaned beef calves in a 56-day experiment. Calves fed 120 ppm Se SMM and unsupplemented control calves had higher antibody responses to lysozyme than calves injected with 0.1 mg Se + 1.0 IU vitamin E/kg body weight. Blood Se concentrations increased in calves fed 120 ppm Se SMM, did not change in calves injected with 0.1 mg Se/kg body weight, and decreased in control calves. Se treatment did not affect IgA response in tears of calves. / Ph. D.

Thesis (PhD (Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is generally accepted that feed intake and growth (gain) are the most important economic components when calculating profitability in a growth test or feedlot. Feeding cost of animals is a major determinant of profitability in livestock production enterprises. Genetic selection to improve feed efficiency aims to reduce the cost of feeding in beef cattle production and thereby improve profitability. The objective of this study was to define a clear selection objective to enable South African beef breeders and especially the feedlot industry to select for post-weaning growth or feedlot performance and to identify factors influencing profitability in a feedlot environment. Because of the recording of individual feed intake and weight gain values in the South African Agricultural Research Councils' centralized growth tests, it was also possible to calculate a phenotypic value for feedlot profitability (R-value) for each bull tested in a centralized growth test. (Co)variances, using multitrait as well as random regression models, for and between feedlot profitability, weaning weight and other production, reproduction and efficiency traits were estimated. Residual feed intake (RFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as efficiency traits were also compared to growth (average daily gain (ADG), weaning weight (WW) and shoulder height (SHD)), reproductive (scrotum circumference (SCR)) and profitability (feedlot profitability) traits measured in growth tests of young Bonsmara bulls. Consequently, a single post-weaning growth selection index value based on the economic and breeding values of different selection criteria related to feedlot profitability was composed. (Co)variance components, heritabilities and genetic correlations for and between initial weight (lW), final weight (FW), total feed intake (FI) and shoulder height (SHD) were estimated through the use of multitrait restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. These breeding values (EBV s) were then used in a selection index to calculate a single economical value for each animal. This economical value is an indication of the gross profitability value or gross test value (GTV) of the animal in a post-weaning growth test. The heritability estimate of 0.36 for R-value, obtained from the multitrait analysis, shows that this trait is genetically inherited and that it can be selected for. The heritability for R-value obtained from the single trait random regression model varied between 0.57 and 0.62. The genetic correlations between the R-value and the other traits, obtained from the multitrait analysis, varied from negligible to high. The heritability estimated for FCR was 0.34 and for RFl 0.31 with a genetic correlation estimate of 0.75 between the traits. The estimated genetic correlation between profitability (R-value) and FCR and RFl were -0.92 and -0.59, respectively. The genetic correlation estimate of -0.92 between FCR and R-value is largely due to the part-whole relationship between these two traits. This is also shown in their genetic trends. The genetic correlations and expected correlated responses between RFl and FCR with R-value suggest that indirect selection for R-value through the direct selection for FCR and/or RFl will result in slower genetic progress in Rvalue than direct selection for R-value. However, where the R-value cannot be calculated and/or where direct selection for R-value is not possible, it would be better to select indirectly for R-value through the use of FCR rather than RF!. Consequently, a regression equation was developed (with an R2 of 0.82) to estimate a feed intake value for all performance-tested Bonsmara bulls which were group fed and whose feed intakes were unknown. These predicted feed intake values made it possible to calculate a feedlot or post-weaning growth profitability value (R-value) for all tested bulls even where individual feed intakes were unknown. Subsequently, an R-value for each bull was calculated in a favourable economic environment (FEE), an average economic environment (AEE) and in an unfavourable economic environment (VEE). The high Pearson and Spearman correlations between the EBV s based on AEE and the other two environments suggested that the average economic environment could be used to calculate EBVs for R-value or feedlot growth profitability. It is therefore not necessary to change the carcass, weaner or feed price on a regular basis to account for possible re-rankings based on R-value EBVs. Heritabilities for lW, FW, Fl and SHD were 0.41, 0.40, 0.33 and 0.51, respectively. The highest genetic correlations between these traits were the 0.78 (between lW and FW) and 0.70 (between Fl and FW). GTV values varied between -R192.l7 and R231.38, with an average of R9.31. The Pearson correlations between EBVs (for production and efficiency traits) and GTV range from -0.51 to 0.68. The lowest correlation (closest to zero) was 0.26 between the Kleiber ratio (KLB) and GTV. Correlations of 0.68 and -0.51 were estimated between average daily gain (ADG) and GTV and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and GTV, respectively. The heritabilities of the different traits included in the selection index suggest that it is possible to select for a GTV. The selection index can benefit feedlotting In selecting offspring of bulls with high GTV values to maximize profitability. The Pearson and Spearman correlations between the R-value EBVs and the index values (GTV) were very high (0.97). This high correlation of 97% indicates that it is not important which method is used to calculate a genetic post-weaning growth of feedlot profitability value. The selection index value is, however, more simplified than the feedlot profitability with less assumption. Therefore, it is recommended that the post-weaning selection index value be used as a selection objective in breeding programmes to improve post-weaning growth profitability rather than the more complex feedlot profitability value. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'N GENETIESE ANALIESE VAN DIE BIOLOGIESE EN EKONOMIESE DOELTREFFENTHEID VAN NASPEENSE GROEI IN VLEISBEESTE IN DIE VOERKRAAL: Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat voerinname en groei die twee ekonomies mees belangrike komponente in die berekening van 'n naspeense groei- of voerkraalwinsgewindheidswaarde is. Voerkostes is 'n bepalende faktor van winsgewindheid in enige lewendehawe boerderypraktyk. Seleksie om voerdoeltreffendheid te verbeter, verminder dus die voerkostes in vleisbeesproduksie en gevolglik 'n verhoging in die winsgewindheid. Die doelwit van die studie was om faktore te identifiseer wat 'n invloed op winsgewindheid in die voerkraaiomgewing het asook om 'n duidelike seleksiedoelwit te formuleer wat die Suid- Afrikaanse vleisbeesteiers en veral die voerkraalbedryf instaat sal kan stelom vir naspeense groeidoeltreffendheid ofvoerkraalwinsgewindheid te selekteer. As gevolg van die aantekening en rekordhouding van weeklikse individuele voennnames en gewigstoenames van alle prestasiegetoetsde bulle, in 'n gesentraliseerde groeitoets deur die Suid- Afrikaanse Landbou Navorsingsraad getoets, was dit moontlik om vir elk van hierdie bulle 'n fenotipiese voerkraalwinsgewindheidswaarde (R-waarde) te kon bereken. (Ko)variansies is vir en tussen voerkraalwinsgewindheid, speengewig en ander produksie-, reproduksie- en doeltreffendheidseienskappe bereken deur van meereienskap en ewekansige regressie modelle gebruik te maak. Twee doeltreffendheidseienskappe naamlik residuele voerinname (RFI) en voeromsetverhouding (FCR) is ook met groei (gemiddelde daaglikse toename (ADG), speengewig (WW) en skouerhoogte (SHD)), reproduksie (skrotumomvang (SCR)) en winsgewindheidseienskappe (voerkraalwinsgewindheid (R-waarde)) vergelyk, om sodoende te bepaal watter een die mees geskikte eienskap is om indirek vir voerkraalwinsgewindheid of groei, gebaseer op teeltwaardes en ekonomiese waardes vir die verskillende eienskappe, wat 'n invloed op naspeense groei winsgewindheid het, gestruktueer. (Ko)variansiekomponente, oorerflikhede en genetiese korrelasies vir en tussen begingewig (lW), eindgewig (FW), voerinname (FI) en skouerhoogte (SHD) is bereken deur van 'n meereienskap (REML) ontleding gebruik te maak. Hierdie teelwaardes (EBVs) is vervolgens in 'n seleksie-indeks gebruik om 'n enkele ekonomies of voerkraal-winsgewindheids seleksie-indekswaarde (GTV) vir elke dier te bereken. Hierdie ekonomiese waarde is 'n aanduiding van die bruto winsgewindheidswaarde ofbruto toetswaarde (GTV) van die dier in 'n naspeentoets. Die oorerflikheid, vanuit die meereienskapontleding vir R-waarde beraam, was 0.36. Hierdie oorerflikheid dui daarop dat die eienskap oorerflik is en dat dit wel moontlik is om daarvoor te selekteer. Die ooreflikhede van R-waarde, voorspel vanuit die enkeleienskap ewekansige regressieontleding varieer tussen 0.57 en 0.62. Die genetiese korrelasie tussen R-waarde en ander eienskappe, vanuit die meereienskap ontleding beraam, varieer tussen weglaatbaar klein tot hoog. Die oorerflikheid van FeR was 0.34 en van RFI 0.31 met 'n genetiese korrelasie van 0.75 tussen die twee eienskappe. Die genetiese korrelasie tussen R-waarde en FeR, en R-waarde en RFI was onderskeidelik -0.92 en -0.59. Die rede vir die hoë negatiewe genetiese korrelasie tussen R-waarde en FeR van -0.92 is omdat dieselfde komponente in die berekening van die twee eienskappe gebruik is. Dit word ook in die genetiese tendense weerspeël. Die genetiese korrelasies en verwagte gekorreleerde responsies tussen R-waarde en FeR, en tussen R-waarde en RFI dui daarop dat stadiger genetiese vordering verkry sal word in R-waarde deur direkte seleksie vir beide FeR en RFI as wat verkry sal word deur die direkte seleksie vir R-waarde. Wanneer 'n R-waarde egter nie bereken kan word nie of waar dit nie moontlik is om direk vir R-waarde te selekteer nie, sal vinniger genetiese vordering in R-waarde gemaak word deur die direkte seleksie vir FeR as vir RF!. 'n Regressievergelyking is geformuleer (met 'n R2 van 0.82) om vir alle prestasiegetoetsde bulle, waar bulle in 'n groep gevoer is en individuele voerinnames onbekend is, 'n voerinnamewaarde te voorspel. Hierdie voorspelde voerinnames maak dit moontlik om vir elke prestasiegetoetsde bul ,'n naspeengroei- of voerkraalwinswaarde (R-waarde) te bereken, al is hulle individuele voerinnames onbekend. Vervolgens is drie verskillende R-waarde vir vleisproduksie vir elke bul bereken naamlik, in 'n gunstige ekonomiese omgewing (FEE), 'n gemiddelde ekonomiese omgewing (AEE) en 'n ongunstige ekonomiese omgewing (VEE). Die hoë Pearson en Spearman korrelasies tussen die EBVs vir R-waarde, bereken in die AEE en die EBVs in die ander twee ekonomiese omgewings, dui daarop dat die AEE gebruik kan word om EBVs vir naspeense groeiof voerkraalwins te bereken. Dit is dus nie nodig om op 'n gereelde grondslag die karkasprys, lewendige speenkalfprys of die voerprys te verander nie. Oorerflikhede, vanuit die meereienskap ontledings VIr lW, FW, FI en SHD verkry, was onderskeidelik 0.41, 0.40, 0.33 en 0.51. Die hoogste genetiese korrelasies tussen die eienskappe was 0.78 tussen lW en FW en 0.70 tussen FI en FW. GTV indekswaardes varieer tussen -Rl92.17 en R231.38 met 'n gemiddelde waarde van R9.31. Die Pearson korrelasies tussen die EBVs van produksie- en doeltreffenheidseienskappe en GTV het tussen -0.51 en 0.68 gevarieer. Die korrelasie naaste aan zero, van 0.26, was die korrelasie tussen GTV en die Kleiber-verhouding. Die korrelasies tussen GTV en ADG, en GTV en FeR was onderskeidelik 0.68 en -0.51. Die oorerflikhede van die verskillende eienskappe wat in die seleksie-indeks ingesluit is, dui daarop dat die indekswaarde weloorerflik is en dat seleksie hiervoor wel moontlik is. Hierdie indekswaarde kan deur die voerkraaiindustrie gebruik word om nageslag van diere met hoë GTV waardes te selekteer om sodoende maksimum wins uit die voerkraai te genereer. Die Pearson en Spearman korrelasies tussen R-waarde EBVs en die indekswaardes (GTV) was besonder hoog (0.97). Hierdie hoë korrelasie dui daarop dat dit geen verskil sal maak watter een van die twee metodes gebruik word in die berekeninge van 'n naspeense groei- of voerkraalwinswaarde nie. Die seleksie-indeks metode is egter minder gekompliseerd met minder aannames as in die geval van die rekeningkundige fenotipiese benadering (R-waarde). As gevolg hiervan, word die naspeense seleksie-indeks waardes (GTV) aanbeveel om te gebruik as 'n teeldoelwit in telingsprogramme om naspeense groei- of voerkraaiwins geneties te verbeter, eerder as die meer gekompliseerde fenotipiese voerkraaiwins (R-waardes) metode.