Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Orientador: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Luiz Carlos da Rocha / Banca: Julia Zanetti Rocca / Banca: Eurípedes Costa do Nascimento / Banca: Paulo Victor Bezerra / Resumo: B. F. Skinner se dedicou a construir a filosofia e a ciência do comportamento humano sem recorrer a unidades essenciais do sujeito, como mente ou personalidade; enquanto Foucault se ocupou em descrever a história da constituição dos saberes/poderes científicos e suas relações com os modos de subjetivação da sociedade ocidental moderna. Contudo, apesar dessa marcante diferença de objetos e métodos, parece haver uma afinidade genérica entre os dois autores, a crítica aos pressupostos humanistas de sujeito autônomo ou de natureza humana como fundamentos explicativos da conduta humana, crítica que vem sendo denominada na literatura como anti-humanismo. Nesse sentido, tomando o anti-humanismo por fio condutor, a proposta do presente trabalho foi a de promover um diálogo entre os pensamentos de Foucault e Skinner no que tange às suas concepções sobre o conhecimento (saber em Foucault), e a determinação da subjetividade, bem como das condutas humanas em geral; temas tradicionalmente abordados pela filosofia e pela psicologia segundo os pressupostos humanistas descritos. A investigação chegou aos seguintes resultados: (i) Com relação ao conhecimento, ambos autores rejeitam as teorias tradicionais que o concebem como uma relação sujeito/objeto dada de antemão. Skinner analisa o conhecimento como comportamento, cuja explicação deve ser a mesma de qualquer outro comportamento operante; e, segundo a interpretação utilizada neste trabalho, adota uma ontologia relacional, o que limita a ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: B. F. Skinner devoted himself to constructing the philosophy and science of human behavior without resorting to essential units of the subject, such as mind or personality; while Foucault was concerned with describing the history of the constitution of scientific knowledges/powers and their relations with the modes of subjectification of modern Western society. However, in spite of this marked difference of objects and methods, there seems to be a general affinity between the two authors, i.e., the critique of the humanist assumptions of autonomous subject or of human nature as explanatory foundations of human behavior, a criticism that has been called in the literature as anti- humanism. In this sense, taking the anti-humanism as a guide, the purpose of the present work was to promote a dialogue between Foucault's and Skinner's thoughts on his conceptions of knowledge, and the determination of subjectivity, as well as human behavior in general; themes traditionally analyzed by philosophy and psychology according to the humanist presuppositions described. The research has arrived at the following results: (i) Regarding knowledge, both authors reject the traditional theories that conceive it as a given subject/object relationship previously structured. Skinner analyzes knowledge as behavior, then the it's explanation must be the same as any other operant behavior; and, according to the interpretation used in this work, adopts a relational ontology, which limits reality to ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Li Kin Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-51). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Social cognition Models in Predicting Future Behavior --- p.1 / Studies on Intention-Behavior Relations --- p.4 / Goal Conflict and Intention-Behavior Relations --- p.7 / Purpose of the Present Study and Hypotheses --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.17 / Participants --- p.17 / Procedure --- p.17 / Instruments --- p.17 / Analysis --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.24 / Theory of Planned Behavior Analysis --- p.24 / Hierarchical Regression Analysis --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.32 / "Interaction among Intention, Stability, and Goal Conflict" --- p.32 / Goal Conflict: A Structural Stability of Intention --- p.35 / Overall Effect of Intention Stability --- p.36 / Intentionally versus Habitually Controlled Process --- p.37 / Application --- p.38 / Further Study --- p.40

Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-254). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ67924.

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Numerous human behavior' problems are characterized by a choice between small-immediate and large-delayed reinforcement. Individuals often choose the poorer or smaller of two alternative rewards, even when they seem to be entirely familiar' with both alternatives. In a typical situation choice behavior appears to have a short-term advantage which is later followed by an obvious disadvantage. Selection of the delayed-large reward has been termed self-control.Recent work in the animal laboratory has lead to a model off serf-control that may be partially understood in terms of gradients of delayed reinforcement. This model, developed by George Ainslie and Howard Rachlin, suggest that the self-control situation can be conceptualized as a choice between a small-immediate and a larger-delayed reinforcer whose effective control over behavior is positively accelerated as its availability approaches.Aislie and Rachlin’s model makes two predictions: the first predicts a reversal in preference between two reward options as a function of passing time. The second conceptualizes self-control as a process which involves forestalling the temporary effectiveness that some small rewards acquire as a result of their temporal position. Thus, the model predicts that, given an appropriate opportunity, an organism will commit itself to receiving only the delayed-larger reward. The present research attempted to determine if these two predictions can be confirmed with children, using points on a counter, later exchanged for money as the reinforcer.Children were exposed to a choice between a small-immediate reward and a large-delayed reward in which the time elapsing before making a choice was lengthened systematically. An opportunity to commit themselves to receiving only the large-delayed reward was also provided.Results were congruent with the predictions of the model, although support was not robust and open to alternative explanations. Areas needing refinement include the nature of reinforcer used and the relationship between the amount and length of time delays.

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Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1975. / Bibliography: leaves 125-133. / x, 133 leaves ill

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 26, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.