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Decision-making is more complex and even more important for consumers today than in the past. Today’s consumers has a wealth of information sources to their disposal, through advertising, news articles, direct mailings and word of mouth , in addition, there is a variety of stores and shopping malls that has broaden the sphere for consumer choice, and in the process complicated decision - making. Consumers purchase intentions and decision that lead to the purchase are closely related to their future purchase behaviour. That is, a consumer who has used and is satisfied with a brand is likely to try it again on a future purchase occasion and is likely to follow this up with actual purchase of the brand. In this instance attitude is important to marketers not because it predicts what brands a consumers will buy, but because it can explain why they buy the brand they do. There is a need to explore and understand consumer shopping behaviour and purchase drivers within the fruit juice category. The refrigerated fruit juice category presents much confusion to the consumer and/ or shoppers, (consumer and shopper being used inter changeable) and makes it difficult to shop the category. There are many choices and lack of clarity around fruit juice types, therefore there is also a need to quantify how shoppers shop the fruit juice category. As part of a category approach to business management, consumer insights can improve merchandise positioning and promotion of the fruit juice category. The purpose and importance of the study is to gain insights into how shoppers select fruit juice(s), identify patterns of shopping behaviour. To determine how involved are shoppers in the category when selecting and purchasing their fruit juice, and to what level their commit to they selected fruit juice type. The purpose is not to produce a definitive conclusion or generalisable results, because shopper behaviour, will differ depending on store type, day of the week and day time part , but rather to form a basis to begin to understand the shoppers dynamics for the fruit juice category. Insights gained and understanding of category purchase drivers, will enable the development of an optimal category flow (shop shelf merchandising lay out) ensuring overall improvements for the category ensuring that shopper needs are met, which in turn would result in an improved shopping experience. This will also allow for an optimal marketing mix for the various brands for the different fruit juice types, that, will ensure that the brand increased its potential to be selected in-store and therefore increase its rate of sale. The literature reviewed, illustrated the complexity of consumer behaviour, as one is dealing with human behaviour, that is not always easy to comprehend, because many factors influence behaviour. These factors vary from internal factors and external factors. One can therefore not deal with the topic on consumer behaviour and look at factors in isolation, one should attempt to have a holistic approach as the literature suggest because many variables impact on one aspect for example such as decision-making. The key lessons learnt from this study, is no different to what the literature states, the fruit juice consumer exhibited complex and various behaviour. Whilst the target groups were homogeneous, the shoppers exhibit different behaviours, hence the clusters from the (In)store TM model. However there are agreements on the following; • Loyalty in the fruit juice category is low. • There is a desire to try something new as indicative of the high prevalence of experiential shoppers. • Shoppers indicated that they decision to purchase a fruit juice is not entirely made in-store, but rather planned. • Shoppers exhibit a low level of commitment to the category. • Shoppers indicated that product related attributes do influence their purchase decision. • The fruit juice category is not well differentiated. The above findings on product involvement and commitment have managerial implications, and are important issues in the development and implementation of marketing strategies, aimed at building and maintaining market share. In-store investment should be limited to product specific promotions, and not the traditional fridge-end display and gondola ends as these promotional elements are in effective in generating sales. The challenge is to win time for the shopper in-store, is also crucial as consumers do not always have the time to shop. The product category flow should be clear and uncluttered, with product types clearly segmented in the fridge. Satisfying consumers are not enough to yield a competitive advantage, what marketers need to do is lock consumers into what their product has to offer. Marketers need to seek bonding and lasting relationships with their consumers, to ensure a competitive advantage, this they need to do by creating and evoked set, in other words, position their products in the minds of the consumer and entrench their offerings with a value added proposition intrinsic and extrinsic. The key to doing this is to ensure that their product offering(s) are tangible and visually differentiated, have an ownable proposition that will generate loyalty towards the product offering and create a high level of involvement. / Prof. F.J. Herbst

The objective of this thesis is to report on a research project investigating the language behaviour of Sotho-English bilingual students at the University of Cape Town (hereafter UCT). Sotho is used here as an umbrella term to refer to the Sotho group of languages; Sesotho (Southern Sotho), Sepedi (Northern Sotho) and Setswana. UCT is a multilingual institution in the sense that the students, and to some extent the lecturers, are proficient in a number of languages including English, Afrikaans, and a wide range of African languages from within and outside South Africa. At the time of the study in 1997 UCT was multiracial with a majority of white students and a minority of African students. At a general level the concept of language contact is the superordinate linguistic and philosophical category underpinning the thesis. At a more specific level, the thesis examines three related concepts; code-switching, code-mixing and borrowing. It is based on theoretically and empirically founded distinctions between code-switching, code-mixing and borrowing. Empirically the data was collected surreptitiously. The ethical questions about who researches what and whom are acknowledged. Permission to use the covertly collected data was sought after the recording from all informants and was granted. The data from the covert recordings was triangulated with interviews with the informants. Theoretically the thesis uses a number of approaches to describe and explain language contact: structuralist, interactionist and psycho-social approaches although the dominant framework is a structuralist one. Sociologically the thesis demonstrates that code-switching constitutes a variety in which speakers exhibit differing degrees of skilled abilities and may be unmarked or marked depending on the extent which it reinforces or violates community norms. The linguistic varieties must be understood in terms of individual repertoires and community speech economies. Code-switching may represent a normal, routine way of use or could be said to violate the expectations of how one should behave. Bibliography: pages 102-109

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Consumers today are becoming more aware of how their behavior and use of resources affect the environment. It is becoming increasingly important for companies to understand consumer’s attitudes in order to predict their behavior. Extensive research has been conducted on the attitude-behavioral relationship in various fields of study. However, no research has been made on the attitude towards environmentally friendly automobiles and how it affects purchase intentions. Our research has been made in collaboration with Volvo Car Corporation, which in 2010 was acquired by Geely Automobile. The acquisition meant that an opportunity presented itself on the Chinese market, which today is the largest automobile market in the world. The thesis will focus on young Chinese consumer’s attitude toward the environment and how this may affect their purchase intentions towards environmentally friendly automobiles. The basis for our reasoning is that the factors environmental values, environmental knowledge and responsibility feelings make up an individual’s environmental attitude. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how environmental values, environmental knowledge and responsibility feelings affect purchase intentions towards environmentally friendly automobiles among young Chinese consumers. We have used a quantitative approach in our collection of empirical data. With the help of a web-based self-completions survey we managed to send out the questionnaire to all Chinese students studying at Jönköping University and received a high response rate of 65%. We based the design of the survey on a model from Kaiser, Ranney, Hartig and Bowler (1999). The major findings from our research conclude that the used model does not substantially explain purchase intentions of environmentally friendly automobiles. Our research suggests that the factors environmental knowledge and responsibility feelings are not significant when predicting intentions to purchase environmentally friendly automobiles. However, the factor environmental values proved to be strongly correlated when predicting intentions to purchase environmentally friendly automobiles.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The motivation of this study is to assess the high risk behaviors that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS among the youth. The most influential high risk behaviours that contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS are unprotected sexual intercourse and having more than one sexual partner.The population for this study includes all full time first year students who registered for the first time in 2006 that attended the orientation week. A stratified, sequential random sample was drawn from the students attending the orientation. / South Africa

Objective: Adolescence is a period of crucial neuropsychological development. Executive control functions (ECF) develop during adolescence and are constructs involving the planning, initiation, and regula¬tion of goal-directed behaviour. ECFs include impulse control critical for behavioural regulation. Training approaches for improving inhibitory control (IC) and impulsivity in young people (YP) are in their infancy, although some positive effects have been found in adults. This research aimed to test the hypothesis that IC intervention would improve IC and impulsivity (direct, near and far-transfer effects) and improve behavioural-control (mid and far-transfer effects) in YP. Methods: Six healthy YP, aged 11-16 years, attending mainstream education, participated in this single-case, multiple-baseline experimental design. The participants completed assessments at three phase-change points and completed continuous measures of their own impulsivity and behaviour goals. Each participant completed a baseline and intervention phase of differing randomised lengths within the 20 day study. The data were analysed visually using non-parametric tests of difference, randomisations tests and indices of reliable change. Results: IC and impulsivity were not observed to improve with intervention based on direct and far-transfer effects and limited improvement was observed based on near-transfer effects. Overall, behavioural control was not observed to improve with intervention based on near and far-training effects, but limited improvements were observed for some individual participants. Conclusion: The intervention was not observed to be effective in reducing IC or improving behavioural control overall, with very limited effects found in individual cases, which are discussed in directions for future research.

Five experiments were conducted to investigate psychological determinants of food preference in five to seven year-old children. The research was informed by: (i) the general literature on human food preference, and (ii) behaviour analytic theory and research, particularly that on rule-governance. Experiment 1, using a between groups design, examined the impact of in vivo peer behaviour on novel food consumption. Children exposed to "positive" peers avidly consuming a target food tended to prefer that food. Conversely, children who observed "negative" peers, rejecting the food, consumed little: it was also shown that these negative effects could be largely overridden by subsequent exposure to positive peers. Experiments 2 to 5 utilised multiple baseline designs to evaluate the effectiveness of a series of multi-component interventions designed to promote consumption of previously refused fruits and vegetables. To maximise ecological validity and long-term maintenance of behaviour change these experiments were conducted in subjects' homes in the context of the evening meal. During Experiment 2 an intervention incorporating video modelling, contingent rewards, and instructions effectively promoted consumption of three named foods. However, little generalisation to the consumption of other foods was evident. In Experiment 3 a similar intervention targeted broader food categories (vegetables and fruit) and this was effective in promoting consumption of up to 12 foods. Maintenance interventions utilising token rewards were effective in promoting long term consumption. During Experiment 4, written instructions and contingent rewards, without video modelling, were relatively effective in promoting fruit, but not vegetable consumption. During Experiment 5, instructions and video modelling, without contingent rewards had a negligible effect on the consumption of either food category. The results demonstrated that, contrary to the widely held belief within the human food preference literature, interventions utilising contingent rewards can be very effective in modifying food preferences. In discussing the results consideration was given to: (i) the role of rulegovernance in ensuring effective reward use; (ii) maintenance and generalisation of behaviour change; and (iii) the outcome measure most appropriate for food preference research.

This study argues that knowledge sharing behaviour is a kind of organizational citizenship behaviour and that as such (i) the two should be strongly positively correlated and that (ii) strong predictors of organizational citizenship behaviour should also strongly predict knowledge sharing behaviour. Since the organizational behaviour literature identifies job satisfaction and organizational commitment as robust predictors of organizational citizenship behaviour, the study investigated the interrelationships among knowledge sharing behaviour, organizational citizenship behaviour, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The study employed a correlational survey design, sourcing the empirical data from secondary school teachers in a number of schools in and around Gaborone, Botswana. As expected, knowledge sharing behaviour and organizational citizenship behaviour were significantly positively correlated, organizational commitment was a significant predictor of organizational citizenship behaviour, and job satisfaction and organizational commitment were significantly positively correlated. Contrary to expectations, however, both job satisfaction and organizational commitment were unrelated to knowledge sharing behaviour. Not all study hypotheses were supported, and as such, it would be premature to conclude, on the strength of the evidence presented in this thesis, that knowledge sharing behaviour indeed is a kind of organizational citizenship behaviour. Nevertheless, the positive correlation between knowledge sharing behaviour and organizational citizenship behaviour would seem to suggest that the role of organizational citizenship behaviour in organizational knowledge sharing is worth investigating further. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Information Science / unrestricted

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