Classés parmi les troubles mentaux de l’enfance et de l’adolescence, les troubles du comportement (TC) justifient fréquemment l’exclusion scolaire d’élèves vers des établissements du monde du handicap, les ITEP. En croisant les mondes vécus des jeunes et de leurs parents, l’histoire de la catégorie et sa mobilisation par différents acteurs, cette recherche se présente comme une tentative de compréhension du monde des TC et de ses fonctions. Plus qu’une simple catégorie médicale, les TC résultent d’une construction sociale et fonctionnent comme un outil d’exclusion et d’assignation sociale des enfants des classes défavorisées. Prolongeant les stratégies de l’école, ils favorisent le glissement de la responsabilité de l’échec scolaire de l’école vers les familles. A l’intérieur de cet univers normatif, la médecine joue un rôle central. Elle apporte une caution qui se veut scientifique à l’exclusion de la fraction économiquement et culturellement la plus pauvre de la population scolaire,ainsi qu’aux politiques les plus sécuritaires. La prévention de la délinquance passe par l’assujettissement dès leur plus jeune âge des élèves en échec scolaire et le contrôle des familles les plus démunies. Cette gestion par la médecine des désordres sociaux s’inscrit dans l’élargissement de ses missions tel que l’a décrit Foucault. Malgré les conflits qui la traversent, la médecine mentale se pose aujourd’hui en experte de la prévention de la délinquance à travers la gestion de l’échec scolaire et le dépistage précoce de troubles qu’elle se révèle incapable de définir. / Behaviour disorders of children and adolescents, classified among mental disorders justify the exclusion of pupils from schools to place them in institutions for disabled persons. By interfacing the study of the experience of young people and their parents, the history of that category and the part played in it by different actors, this research aims at understanding the world of behaviour problems and their functions. Behaviour disorders are more than a medical category, they are the the results of a social construction, they serve as a means to exclude and socially define children from the underprivileged classes. Following what happens in schools, they favour the shift of responsibility for underperforming from schools to families. The medical world plays a major part in this normative universe. It provides a would be scientific guarantee for the exclusion of the economically and culturally poorest section of the school population and for the more drastic security measures as well. The prevention of delinquency lies in controlling underperforming children from a very early age and socially deprived families. This implication of the medical world in the control of social disorders is a development of its missions as Foucault described it. In spite of inner conflicts, the world of mental medicine today wants to appear as experts in the prevention of deliquency through managing underperforming in schools and offering an early diagnosis of problems it fails to define.

A relação entre a Psiquiatria Forense e o Direito Penal é muita antiga, porém sempre foi pouco estudada em termos científicos. Através de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, consistindo em uma série de casos, a autora comparou 24 laudos psiquiátricos conclusivos de capacidade parcial de imputação com as 24 sentenças judiciais correspondentes. A concordância entre laudos e sentenças foi calculada por meio da proporção de sentenças em que o juiz concordou com o parecer do perito, e de seu respectivo intervalo de confiança, com nível de confiança de 95%, que resultou em 91,7% (IC 95% =73 a 99%) de concordância. A autora calculou também a concordância (20 laudos e as correspondentes sentenças) entre as medidas de segurança propostas pelos peritos e as medidas de segurança determinadas pelo juiz, utilizando-se do coeficiente kappa, que resultou em kappa=0,03, p=0,43 de concordância. A autora concluiu que, neste estudo, a concordância entre laudos e a sentenças no que tange à capacidade parcial de imputação foi alta, enquanto a concordância entre laudos e sentenças no que concerne à medida de segurança foi baixa. / The relationship between Forensic Psychiatry and Criminal Law is very old, but it has always been scarcely studied in scientific terms. Through a retrospective decriptive study, consisting of case series, the author compared 24 conclusive psychiatric reports of partial capacity of imputation and 24 corresponding judicial sentences. The concordance between reports and sentences was calculated by means of proportion of sentences concordant with the reports, and the respective confidence interval, with level of confidence of 95%, resulting in 91,7% of concordance (IC 95% = 73 a 99%). The author also calculated the concordance (20 reports and corresponding sentences) between the security measures proposed by the psychiatrist and the security measures determined by the judge by means of kappa coefficient, resulting in kappa = 0,03 and p = 0,43 of concordance. The author concluded that, in this study, the concordance between reports and sentences was high concerning the partial capacity of imputation, while the concordance between reports and sentences concerning the security measures was low.

1 Abstract Title of the thesis: Physical activities of students in special primary schools in the central Bohemian region Aim of the study: The aim of the thesis is a comprehensive survey of physical activities provided by special primary schools in the Central Bohemian region. Method: We used a method of an empirical research. We studied a representative sample of special primary schools located in the Central Bohemia region in order to ascertain characteristics of the objects of observation. The variant of research was a status method. The method of data collection was a questionnaire. Results: The results of the research show a different range of physical activities offered by schools included in our study. The structure of physical education lessons is rich and follows the needs of their students. 90 % of schools organize one-day- programmes focused on physical activities. 70% of schools organize programmes lasting more days, 30 % of schools do not organize programmes of this kind. 70 % of schools offer no sports courses. The survey also revealed the fact that 50 % of schools offer no after-school clubs focused on physical activities. 30 % of schools organize ball games clubs, 20 % table tennis clubs, 20 % physical education for students with health problems, 10 % dancing club. 100 % of schools organize...

This study investigated which childhood behaviours and emotions are considered "acceptable" and "not problematic" by Black isiZulu speaking parents and caregivers. It further investigated which childhood behaviours and emotions were considered "unacceptable" and "problematic" by Black isiZulu speaking parents and caregivers (N=97). Data were collected by the use of the Behaviour Screening Questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 39 words describing the way children of 4 or 5 years feel and behave. The selection of the health domains included in the questionnaire was guided by the research on developmental psychopathology, the dimensional approach. The item format in the questionnaire was categorical: Not concerning, concerning and very concerning. The collected data were ordinal in nature, thus necessitated the utilization of non-parametric method of analysis. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Chi square). Findings indicated that 88% of the behaviours and emotions listed on the questionnaire were considered to be "unacceptable" and "problematic" by the participants in the study. These were largely the externalizing types of behaviours (57%). Thirty-two percent of these were internalizing types of behaviours and emotions. Only 11,6% of the behaviours and emotions listed on the questionnaire were considered to be "acceptable" and "not problematic" for 4 or 5 year old children. The findings of this study confirm the findings of previous research conducted both internationally and locally on the types of behaviours and emotions considered to be "problematic" and "unacceptable" as well as those behaviours and emotions considered to be "acceptable" and "non-problematic" by parents and caregivers in 4 or 5 year old children. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.

No description available.

Behaviour disorders are beside adequate behaviour in the certain age and in the certain social-cultural surrounding. An individual with behaviour disorders counteracts particular behaviour standards (moral or legal rules). Causes can be innate (hereditary), which are less serious, or as a result of upbringing (impact of people of the same age, family, gangs), when a young man in such a way emulates his or her surrounding. Behaviour disturbances can be generally characterized as a deviation in the area of socialization, when an individual is not able to respect the common standards of behaviour on the level corresponding his age.

A relação entre a Psiquiatria Forense e o Direito Penal é muita antiga, porém sempre foi pouco estudada em termos científicos. Através de um estudo observacional retrospectivo, consistindo em uma série de casos, a autora comparou 24 laudos psiquiátricos conclusivos de capacidade parcial de imputação com as 24 sentenças judiciais correspondentes. A concordância entre laudos e sentenças foi calculada por meio da proporção de sentenças em que o juiz concordou com o parecer do perito, e de seu respectivo intervalo de confiança, com nível de confiança de 95%, que resultou em 91,7% (IC 95% =73 a 99%) de concordância. A autora calculou também a concordância (20 laudos e as correspondentes sentenças) entre as medidas de segurança propostas pelos peritos e as medidas de segurança determinadas pelo juiz, utilizando-se do coeficiente kappa, que resultou em kappa=0,03, p=0,43 de concordância. A autora concluiu que, neste estudo, a concordância entre laudos e a sentenças no que tange à capacidade parcial de imputação foi alta, enquanto a concordância entre laudos e sentenças no que concerne à medida de segurança foi baixa. / The relationship between Forensic Psychiatry and Criminal Law is very old, but it has always been scarcely studied in scientific terms. Through a retrospective decriptive study, consisting of case series, the author compared 24 conclusive psychiatric reports of partial capacity of imputation and 24 corresponding judicial sentences. The concordance between reports and sentences was calculated by means of proportion of sentences concordant with the reports, and the respective confidence interval, with level of confidence of 95%, resulting in 91,7% of concordance (IC 95% = 73 a 99%). The author also calculated the concordance (20 reports and corresponding sentences) between the security measures proposed by the psychiatrist and the security measures determined by the judge by means of kappa coefficient, resulting in kappa = 0,03 and p = 0,43 of concordance. The author concluded that, in this study, the concordance between reports and sentences was high concerning the partial capacity of imputation, while the concordance between reports and sentences concerning the security measures was low.

Fragestellung: Nur wenige Kliniken für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie (KJP) bieten eine ambulante Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit Substanzkonsumstörungen (SUDs) an. Daher fehlen Angaben, welche Konsummuster, SUDs und begleitenden psychischen Störungen diese Jugendlichen aufweisen. Methodik:N = 201 Patient_innen einer universitären Spezialambulanz (12–19 Jahre alt) wurden bezüglich Konsummustern, SUDs und aktuellen psychischen Störungen mittels Interview untersucht. Es wurden diesbezüglich deskriptive Darstellungen zu Prävalenzzahlen der SUDs, Konsummustern und begleitenden psychischen Störungen aufgeteilt nach Geschlecht und aktuellem Alter erstellt. Ergebnisse: Tabak (88 %) und Cannabis (86 %) waren die verbreitetsten Substanzen. Bei 67 % aller Patient_innen wurde mehr als eine SUD festgestellt. SUDs bezogen sich am häufigsten auf Cannabis (84 %), gefolgt von Tabak (77 %). 72 % aller Patient_innen zeigten eine die SUD begleitende psychische Störung, insbesondere Störungen des Sozialverhaltens (40 %), hyperkinetische Störungen (21 %) und depressive Störungen (18 %). Schlussfolgerungen: Ambulant behandelte jugendliche KJP-Patient_innen mit SUDs präsentieren sich häufig mit begleitenden psychischen Störungen. Angebotene Behandlungsprogramme sollten in der Behandlung von SUDs insbesondere Störungen des Sozialverhaltens, Depressionen und hyperkinetische Störungen berücksichtigen. / Objective: Only few clinics offer the outpatient treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) among adolescents. Therefore, only limited data describe substance use patterns, SUDs, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders characteristic of adolescents who present in such outpatient clinics specialized in the treatment of SUDs. Method: Via interview we collected data from n = 201 patients between 12 and 19 years concerning their substance use, SUDs, and current co-occurring psychiatric disorders. We created descriptive presentation of data regarding use patterns, SUDs, and co-occurring disorders divided by sex and current age. Results: Tobacco (88 %) and cannabis (86 %) were the most frequently used substances. 67 % of all patients presented with more than one SUD, cannabis use disorder being the most prevalent one (84 %). 72 % presented with at least one co-occurring disorder, with conduct disorders (40 %), attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorders (21 %), and depressive disorders (18 %) being the most frequent ones. Conclusions: Adolescent SUD patients often present with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Institutions for adolescent SUD treatment should also focus on treating co-occurring conduct disorders, depression, and attention deficit disorders.

This diploma thesis focuses on clients of the Department of child and adolescent psychiatry who are hospitalized because of their behaviour and adaptation disorder. A significant sign of these children is their problematic behaviour and maladaptation resulting from their social handicap which has several forms. The environment of psychiatry centre adjusts different social measures and educational patterns and needs. The theoretic part describes the term of a socially disadvantaged child, moreover, it states the function of a family, relations and educational styles as a base of primal socialisation, as a headstone of their activity in society. The practical part of the thesis describes seven case studies about individual clients of the centre and their activity in this specific environment. The main goal of the investigation was to prove that the psyche of the school aged children is influenced by their social handicap which results in their bad self- control mechanisms, low self-evaluation, and also in their behaviour disorders. Another goal of the work was to discover whether the children are influenced also by their different social environment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation sought to understand the experience of six participants as members of a cluster group of socially marginalised youth in a farmworker community. Through a collaborative process, the study sought to reframe the perceptions around the behavioural outcomes of membership to such an outcast group. Theories of empowerment through active participation underpinned the whole study. The study was qualitative in nature and used a Participatory Action research methodology which created the space for creative exploration with enabling methodologies such as the Youth Engagement Cycle and Activity Theory. Data were collected through focus group- and semi-structured interviews; participant observation and participant generated artefacts. Six adolescent males who were part of an already established cluster group of socially marginalised youth at a school were purposively selected into the study. The analysis of data was an ongoing and iterative process informed by the theories that underpinned the study and through content analysis of emerging themes. The study revealed that the cluster group was not formed with delinquent intent. Instead, it was created as a space that allowed its members to feel a sense of belonging, security and being valued. However, the group dynamic caused individual self-efficacy to become so enmeshed with collective agency that if left unchecked, it had the potential to propel its members along a trajectory to delinquency. The dissertation recommends understanding cluster groups as unique heterogeneous entities that show insight and empathy into the challenges their cohorts experience. Recognising that this elevates the peer group's influence above that of adults the study recommends a collaborative, well-structured and strategic intervention that allows individuals to experience success and self-influence in attaining mastery within the group dynamic. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling het ten doel gehad om ses deelnemers se ervaring as lede van 'n 'cluster' groep gemarginaliseerde jongmense binne 'n plaaswerker gemeenskap te probeer verstaan. Deur middel van 'n proses van samewerking, het die studie gepoog om die persepsies rakende die gedragsuitkomste van lidmaatskap binne so 'n geïsoleerde groep te herformuleer. Die hele studie is gebaseer op teorie van bemagtiging deur middel van aktiewe deelname. Die verhandeling was kwalitatief van aard en het gebruik gemaak van 'n Deelnemende Aksie Navorsingsmetodologie wat ruimte geskep het vir kreatiewe ontdekking met bemagtigende metodologieë soos bv. "Youth Engagement Cycle" en "Activity Theory". Data is ingesamel deur middel van 'n fokusgroep en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude; deelnemer waarneming en deelnemer gegenereerde artefakte. Ses adolessente mans wat reeds deel was van 'n gevestigde groep sosiaal-gemarginaliseerde jongmense by 'n skool, is doelbewus geselekteer vir die studie. Die analise van die data was 'n deurlopende en iteratiewe proses wat belig is deur die teorieë waarop die studie gebaseer was asook deur inhoudsanalise van die ontluikende temas. Die studie het getoon dat die 'cluster' groep nie gevorm is met misdaad as doel nie. Inteendeel, die groep het ontstaan as 'n ruimte wat sy lede toegelaat het om 'n mate van geborgenheid, sekuriteit en waardering te ervaar. Die groepsdinamiek het individuele self-doeltreffendheid toegelaat om so verbonde te raak met kollektiewe agentskap dat indien dit nie gekontroleer was nie, dit die potensiaal getoon het om sy lede op 'n trajek van jeugmisdaad te plaas. Die verhandeling beveel dus aan dat 'n 'cluster' groep gesien word as 'n unieke heterogene entiteit wat insig en empatie toon met die uitdagings wat lede ervaar. Op grond van die feit dat dit die portuurgroep se invloed bo die van die volwassenes verhef, wil die studie 'n samewerkende, goedgestruktureerde en strategiese bemiddeling aanbeveel wat die individu sal toelaat om sukses en selfgelding te ervaar met die bereiking van bemeestering binne die dinamiek van die groep.