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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avaliação das alternativas na construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte pela aplicação de métodos multicritério de análise da decisão / Assessment of alternatives in the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex through the application of decision analysis multicriteria methods

Cuoghi, Kaio Guilherme 14 December 2015 (has links)
A Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical ainda existente no mundo e oferece diversos serviços ambientais. No Brasil, suas bacias hidrográficas são fontes do maior potencial de geração de energia elétrica ainda não utilizado por meio de usinas hidrelétricas. Nesse contexto, destaca-se, atualmente, a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) Belo Monte como uma obra de escolha emblemática no país, marcada por diversos conflitos e que apresenta impactos diversificados que repercutirão em modificações permanentes na biodiversidade da Amazônia. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar a aplicação de dois métodos MCDA - o ELECTRE III, não compensatório; e um método de abordagem em grupo baseado na Teoria de Jogos com uso do Equilíbrio de Nash nas alternativas de construção da UHE Belo Monte, visando demonstrar em que medida os métodos MCDA podem ser utilizados para a análise desse processo de tomada de decisão em grupo. Para isso, foram identificados os principais problemas envolvidos na construção da UHE Belo Monte e estruturadas duas matrizes de decisão com suas alternativas e critérios, que foram aplicadas aos dois métodos MCDA. Foi observado que a alternativa de área do reservatório de 516 km², que foi a de fato adotada na construção da UHE em questão, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na maioria das abordagens individuais dos jogadores para ambos os métodos. Já a alternativa de vazões muito próximas às naturais do rio, que não foi a adotada na construção da UHE Belo Monte, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na abordagem individual de todos os jogadores. As contribuições desta pesquisa referiram-se à realização da modelagem do problema complexo da UHE Belo Monte; à demonstração que os métodos MCDA podem consistir em uma etapa primordial na discussão de problemas complexos; a auxiliar gestores no processo decisório que, muitas vezes, têm como mecanismo de fomento de suas decisões documentos técnicos e específicos; e a possibilitar uma maior participação formal de vários tomadores de decisão. / Amazon is the largest existing rainforest in the world and offers several essential ecosystem services. In Brazil, Amazon watersheds are sources of the greatest potential of electric power supply that dam complexes have not used yet. In this context, the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex shall be highlighted as an iconic project in Brazil, although marked by several conflicts due to its generation of permanent diversified environmental impacts in Amazonian biodiversity. This way, the general objective of this research was to analyze the application of two MCDA methods to demonstrate to what extent those methods may be used to analyze the referred decision-making process. The methods used were ELECTRE III, a non-compensatory method; and a group approach Game Theory-based method that used Nash Equilibrium on the alternatives of the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex. Therefore, the main problems involved in the construction of the facility were identified. Also, two decision matrixes were created, with its alternatives and criteria, and applied to both MCDA methods. It was observed that the alternative concerning the 516 km2 reservoir area, which was the real one adopted in the construction of the referred facility, was considered the most appropriate alternative in group approach as well as in the opinion of most players in the individual approaches for both methods. The alternative concerning flows close to the river\'s natural ones, which was not adopted on the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex, was identified as the most appropriate alternative on group approach as well as in the opinion of all players in individual approach. The contributions provided by this study are: the provision of the modelling of Belo Monte Dam Complex problem; the demonstration that MCDA methods may consist in a primarily step in discussions concerning complex problems; the provision of help for managers on decision-making process who often underlie their fostering decision mechanisms in technical and specific documents; and the allowance of a greater formal participation of several decision makers in the decision-making processes.
2

Avaliação das alternativas na construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte pela aplicação de métodos multicritério de análise da decisão / Assessment of alternatives in the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex through the application of decision analysis multicriteria methods

Kaio Guilherme Cuoghi 14 December 2015 (has links)
A Amazônia é a maior floresta tropical ainda existente no mundo e oferece diversos serviços ambientais. No Brasil, suas bacias hidrográficas são fontes do maior potencial de geração de energia elétrica ainda não utilizado por meio de usinas hidrelétricas. Nesse contexto, destaca-se, atualmente, a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) Belo Monte como uma obra de escolha emblemática no país, marcada por diversos conflitos e que apresenta impactos diversificados que repercutirão em modificações permanentes na biodiversidade da Amazônia. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi realizar a aplicação de dois métodos MCDA - o ELECTRE III, não compensatório; e um método de abordagem em grupo baseado na Teoria de Jogos com uso do Equilíbrio de Nash nas alternativas de construção da UHE Belo Monte, visando demonstrar em que medida os métodos MCDA podem ser utilizados para a análise desse processo de tomada de decisão em grupo. Para isso, foram identificados os principais problemas envolvidos na construção da UHE Belo Monte e estruturadas duas matrizes de decisão com suas alternativas e critérios, que foram aplicadas aos dois métodos MCDA. Foi observado que a alternativa de área do reservatório de 516 km², que foi a de fato adotada na construção da UHE em questão, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na maioria das abordagens individuais dos jogadores para ambos os métodos. Já a alternativa de vazões muito próximas às naturais do rio, que não foi a adotada na construção da UHE Belo Monte, foi avaliada como a alternativa mais adequada na abordagem em grupo e na abordagem individual de todos os jogadores. As contribuições desta pesquisa referiram-se à realização da modelagem do problema complexo da UHE Belo Monte; à demonstração que os métodos MCDA podem consistir em uma etapa primordial na discussão de problemas complexos; a auxiliar gestores no processo decisório que, muitas vezes, têm como mecanismo de fomento de suas decisões documentos técnicos e específicos; e a possibilitar uma maior participação formal de vários tomadores de decisão. / Amazon is the largest existing rainforest in the world and offers several essential ecosystem services. In Brazil, Amazon watersheds are sources of the greatest potential of electric power supply that dam complexes have not used yet. In this context, the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex shall be highlighted as an iconic project in Brazil, although marked by several conflicts due to its generation of permanent diversified environmental impacts in Amazonian biodiversity. This way, the general objective of this research was to analyze the application of two MCDA methods to demonstrate to what extent those methods may be used to analyze the referred decision-making process. The methods used were ELECTRE III, a non-compensatory method; and a group approach Game Theory-based method that used Nash Equilibrium on the alternatives of the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex. Therefore, the main problems involved in the construction of the facility were identified. Also, two decision matrixes were created, with its alternatives and criteria, and applied to both MCDA methods. It was observed that the alternative concerning the 516 km2 reservoir area, which was the real one adopted in the construction of the referred facility, was considered the most appropriate alternative in group approach as well as in the opinion of most players in the individual approaches for both methods. The alternative concerning flows close to the river\'s natural ones, which was not adopted on the construction of Belo Monte Dam Complex, was identified as the most appropriate alternative on group approach as well as in the opinion of all players in individual approach. The contributions provided by this study are: the provision of the modelling of Belo Monte Dam Complex problem; the demonstration that MCDA methods may consist in a primarily step in discussions concerning complex problems; the provision of help for managers on decision-making process who often underlie their fostering decision mechanisms in technical and specific documents; and the allowance of a greater formal participation of several decision makers in the decision-making processes.
3

Hydro dams and environmental justice for Indigenous people. a comparison of environmental decision-making in Canada and Brazil

Macias Gimenez, Rebeca 27 April 2021 (has links)
This research project focuses on decision-making about large hydropower dams, particularly the process and outcomes of impact assessment, involving state, corporations, and local Indigenous communities. The objective of the study is to investigate whether state-led impact assessment, as one tool of regulatory decision-making, can be a way to address environmental justice concerns for Indigenous peoples affected by natural resource infrastructure. The core of this research is a case study comparison between the Belo Monte dam (Brazil) and Site C dam (Canada) to examine the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and decision-making. I analyse these processes’ ability to address the inequities caused by disparate adverse effects of dams on Indigenous peoples. Despite evidence of the impacts of large dams on Indigenous peoples, there is limited literature on their experiences with large hydropower projects and their decision-making processes, and mechanisms that would account for Indigenous peoples’ experiences. This research aims to fill in that gap in the literature by exposing the limitations of impact assessment and proposing recommendations for environmental decision-making to address Indigenous peoples’ concerns and experiences. I start with a review of the development of the environmental justice (EJ) literature as the research’s analytical framework. Environmental justice focuses on diagnosing the inequities caused to localized communities under the argument of a necessary ‘smaller evil,’ so that the larger society may benefit from natural resources development. However, the research participants’ experiences pointed to the need to revise the EJ framework towards a more integral approach to environmental decision-making, recognising the fundamental relationship between land and human beings. This research project concludes that EJ for Indigenous peoples helps reinstate decision-making purposes – evaluating the impacts, proposing alternatives to projects, promoting transparency and accountability, and considering the possibility of rejecting projects – when done within a genuine government-to-government collaborative framework between state and Indigenous governments. / Graduate
4

O direito humano ao desenvolvimento em perspectiva intercultural:considerações sobre os direitos dos povos indígenas em grandes projetos de investimentos. O caso da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. / THE HUMAN RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT IN INTERCULTURAL APPROACH: Considerations on indigenous peoples rights on major development projects. The case of Belo Monte

Franco, Fernanda Cristina de Oliveira 13 April 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1516031 bytes, checksum: bbc74515fb7f4f752d816edc4c40f0ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to examine the Human Right to Development in the current Brazilian context, unfolding it from the perspective of national and local interests. Although internationally recognized such a right - that reflects the dialogue between development and human rights - finds still many challenges on its configuration and implementation. The approach of the Right to Development is focused in the context of indigenous peoples. To this end, the study relies on theories of intercultural dialogue, which propose the overcoming of the polarization between universalism versus cultural relativism, considering the application of human rights in contexts of cultural diversity. It is added to the discussion elements that show how historical trajectory of indigenous peoples on internacional fora brought them to achieve the status of people in international law (albeit with restrictions) and how they were legally guaranteed the right to exercise selfdetermination and sovereignty over their natural resources, two intrinsic components of the Right to Development. The case of Belo Monte Dam was selected as an illustration that makes it possible to examine how indigenous peoples can exercise the Right to Development, considered a platform-right or a synthesis-right. In this case, the project of generating electricity from water exploitation of an important river (Xingu) for indigenous universe is considered of national interest, leading indigenous peoples to occupy a marginal position in the processes of decision making. It is highlighted the difficulties of the Brazilian state - including the three levels of the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary Power - to observe indigenous peoples rights, which together constitute the platform of the Right to Development that is ultimately denied them to perform. / Este trabalho se propõe a analisar o Direito Humano ao Desenvolvimento no contexto atual brasileiro, desdobrando-se na perspectiva dos interesses nacional e local. Apesar de internacionalmente reconhecido, tal direito - que reflete o diálogo entre desenvolvimento e direitos humanos ainda encontra inúmeros desafios de configuração e implementação. Focaliza-se a abordagem desse direito no contexto dos povos indígenas. Para tanto, apóiase nas teorias do diálogo intercultural, que propõem a superação da polarização entre universalismo versus relativismo cultural, considerando a aplicação dos direitos humanos em contextos de diversidade cultural. Acrescenta-se à discussão a trajetória de como aos povos indígenas foi reconhecido o status de povo no direito internacional (ainda que com restrições) e de que forma lhes é juridicamente assegurado exercer o direito à autodeterminação e à soberania sobre as riquezas e recursos naturais, componentes intrínsecos do Direito ao Desenvolvimento. O caso da Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte foi selecionado como ilustração que possibilita analisar de que forma aos povos indígenas é possível exercer o Direito ao Desenvolvimento, considerado um direito síntese ou um direito plataforma. Neste caso, o projeto de geração de energia elétrica a partir do aproveitamento das águas de um importante rio para o universo indígena (Xingu) é considerado de interesse nacional, resultando aos indígenas que habitam as terras do local ocuparem posição marginal nos processos de tomada de decisão. Ressalta-se as dificuldades do Estado brasileiro - consideradas as três esferas do Poder Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário - em observar os direitos assegurados aos indígenas. Esses direitos somados compõem a plataforma do Direito ao Desenvolvimento que em última análise lhes é negado exercer.
5

A Trojan Horse of Concrete : The Trajectory of the Belo Monte Dam Project In the Amazonian Rainforest of Brazil: A Case Study

Björkman, Elias January 2024 (has links)
Emerging in the 1970s as part of Brazil’s energy infrastructure development plans, the Belo Monte dam project has been a hot topic throughout the years. With decades of legal battles, the construction eventually started in 2011 and was inaugurated at its full capacity in 2019. But how did power dynamics and social inequalities shape the trajectory of the Belo MonteDam project? By conducting a deep thematic analysis, drawing from multidisciplinaryframeworks such as Political Ecology Theory, Post-colonialism, and perspectives fromscholarly discourse, this thesis delves into the intricate connections of how power dynamicsintersect with political, environmental, and economic dimensions and finally how these contribute to the decision-making process of major infrastructure projects such as the Belo Monte Dam. By creating a historical timeline, leading up to the inauguration and later on analyzing the major events from the multi-/interdisciplinary perspectives presented throughout, the thesis sheds light on the interplay of the power dynamics and social inequalities shaping the project’s trajectory. The thesis ultimately reveals a complex narrative marked by historical colonial legacies, political maneuvering, as well as a globalizing governance prioritizing development and economic interest over environmental and social concerns.

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