The quality of the Bender-Gestalt performance of 22, normal, white South African male adolescents and 22, normal, Xhosa male adolescents, aged between 17 and 22 years, was investigated. The Pascal-Suttell scoring system was used. The mean score of the white adolescents was significantly below that of the Xhosa adolescents. It was found that while the mean score of the Xhosa adolescents was within one standard deviation of Pascal and Suttell's normative 'high school' mean, the mean score of the white adolescents was below that of the normative mean and not within one standard deviation of the mean. The results lend support to the findings that Bender performance is related to cultural background. It is suggested that the Pascal-Suttell tables may be in need of revision. The advisability of standardising tables, which are culture specific, for clinical use· in the Southern African context, is indicated. / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in

The main objective of this dissertation is an operational planning optimization with greater concentration on customers and their requirements, which are supposed to be fulfilled in time, costs and quality. The aim is an operative management analysis of production process. In terms of this analysis, deficiencies of the present condition will emerge, which should be eliminated by the solution. The analysis will be based on production system, economy of production process and product. At the deficiencies, which result from the analysis, some variants how to solve the problem will be suggested and finally, the most suitable variant will be chosen. Bending and its contemporary method of solving seems to be the most serious deficiency. Therefore, the panel bender was chosen as the most suitable solution because it is usually the most convenient compensation.

This master’s thesis deals with a proposal of production technology of a fireplace insert. Based on various solutions of production and documented calculations, charring has been elected as the most optimal technology. According to the requirements of thermal resistance and weldability the component will be made of boiler metal plate 11 416. Based on checking and technological calculations process of charring on press BAYKAL APHS 3110x180 has been proposed with the nominal power of 180 tons. The verification of bends was realized using computer simulations. Bending tools are made of steel 12 050. A technical-economic evaluation is also part of this master’s thesis.

O chalk é uma rocha calcária formada de calcita, com até 95% de teor de carbonato de cálcio. Pode ser encontrado no oeste europeu e cobre aproximadamente 15% da área do Reino Unido. Muitas construções e obras de infraestrutura são realizadas sobre o chalk, e situações imprevisíveis ainda acontecem pela falta de conhecimento do seu comportamento geotécnico. Sem ser perturbado, o chalk é uma rocha fraca que permanece estável. Entretanto, quando esmagado, ele rompe facilmente. Estes desafios, somados à abundância deste material no Reino Unido, fez com que ele passasse a ser estudado nos últimos anos para um melhor entendimento de suas características e comportamento. Uma das formas de melhoramento do comportamento do chalk é com adição de cimento Portland ao material, desenvolvida nesta pesquisa. O chalk utilizado nos testes é da região de St. Nicholas, Kent, no Reino Unido, classificado, de acordo com a CIRIA, como A/B, com baixa a média densidade. O material foi moído em laboratório até a obtenção de um silte arenoso, com D50 de 0,035 mm. O material foi misturado com cimento Portland de alta resistência inicial, nas porcentagens 3, 5 e 7% em relação à massa de solo seco. Os resultados dos testes de compressão simples e de tração por compressão diametral e de rigidez inicial (G0) mostraram um ganho de resistência com o aumento do teor de cimento e dos pesos específicos aparentes secos nas amostras estudadas. Os dados de resistência foram analisados em função da porosidade pelo teor volumétrico de cimento (/Civ), mostrando a influência do nível de cimentação e do nível de compactação na resistência da mistura. O expoente de ajuste de 0,28 no volume de agente cimentante gerou melhores coeficientes de determinação nos resultados. Houve uma relação praticamente linear entre a rigidez inicial e a resistência à compressão simples. As curvas de rigidez ao longo do tempo mostraram uma tendência logarítmica da evolução de G0 com o tempo, para todas as amostras. Nos ensaios de durabilidade, quanto maior o peso específico e teor de cimento da amostra, menor a perda de massa. A rigidez permaneceu praticamente constante durante os 12 ciclos. / Chalk is a limestone formed by calcite, with up to 95% of calcium carbonate content. It can be found in Western Europe and it covers about 15% of the area of the United Kingdom. Many constructions and infrastructure works are carried out on chalk, and unpredictable situations still happen due to the lack of knowledge of its geotechnical behavior. Undisturbed, chalk is a weak rock that remains stable. However, when crushed, it breaks easily. These challenges, coupled with the abundance of this material in the UK, have led chalk to be studied in recent years for a better understanding of its characteristics and behavior. One of the ways of improving the chalk behavior is with the addition of Portland cement to the material, which is developed in this research. The chalk used in the testing was collected in St. Nicholas, Kent, UK, and characterised as CIRIA Grade A/B, low to medium density. The material was crushed in the laboratory until it became sandy silt, with D50 of 0.035 mm. The material was mixed with high initial strength Portland cement, at 3, 5 and 7% in relation to the dry soil mass The results of unconfined compression, traction by diametral compression and initial stiffness (G0) tests showed a gain of strength with the increase of cement content and specific dry unit weights in the studied samples. The strength data was analyzed as a function of the porosity by the volumetric content of cement (/Civ), showing the influence of the level of cementation and compaction in the strength of the mixture. The adjustment exponent of 0.28 in the cementing agent volume generated better determination coefficients in the results. There was an almost linear relationship between initial stiffness and unconfined compression strength. The stiffness versus time curves showed a logarithmic trend for the evolution of G0 with time in all samples. In the durability tests, the higher the dry unit weight and cement content of the sample, the lower the mass loss. The stiffness remained practically constant during the 12 cycles.

A novel combined piezoelectric-composite actuator configuration is proposed and analytically modeled in this work. The actuator is a low complexity, active compliant mechanism obtained by coupling a modified star cross sectional configuration composite beam with a helicoidal bimorph piezoelectric actuator coiled around it. This novel actuator is a good candidate as a hinge tension-torsion bar actuator for a helicopter rotor blade flap or blade tip and mirror rotational positioning. In the wing tip case, the tip deflection angle is different only according to the aerodynamic moment depending on the hinge position of the actuator along the chord and applied voltage because there is no centrifugal force. For an active blade tip subject to incompressible flow and 2D quasi steady airloads, its twist angle is related not only to aerodynamic moment and applied voltage but also to coupling terms, such as the trapeze effect and the tennis racquet effect. Results show the benefit of hinge position aft of the aerodynamic center, such that the blade tip response is amplified by airloads. Contrary to this effect, results also show that the centrifugal effects and inertial effect cause an amplitude reduction in the response. Summation of these effects determines the overall blade tip response. The results for a certain hinge position of Xh=1.5% chord aft of the quarter chord point proves that the tip deflection target design range[-2,+2] can be achieved for all pitch angle configurations chosen.

Organic materials are ubiquitous in the geologic environment, and can exert significant influence over the interfacial properties of minerals. However, due to the complexity in their structure and interaction with soil solids, their impact has remained relatively unquantified. This study investigated the engineering behaviors of organoclays, which were synthesized in the laboratory using naturally occurring clay minerals and quaternary ammonium compounds of controlled structure and density of loading. Organic cations were chosen to study the effects of functional group structure and size. The laboratory investigation showed that the presence of the organic cations on the mineral surfaces led to increased hydrophobicity of all clays tested. Conduction studies on the electrical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of the organoclay composites suggested that increasing the total organic carbon content resulted in decreased electrical and thermal conductivity, but increased hydraulic conductivity, due to the reduced swelling of the base clay mineral phase. Electrokinetic properties of the organoclays illustrated that compared with the clay's naturally occurring inorganic cations, exchanged quaternary ammonium cations were more likely bound within a particle's shear plane. Consequently, organoclays had less negative zeta potential than that of unmodified bentonite. Increasing the length of one carbon tail was more effective at binding organic cations within the shear plane than increasing the size of the cation, when compared on the basis of total organic carbon content. In terms of large strain strength, the modified organic clays exhibited increased shear strength, in part owing to the reduction in water content caused by the presence of the hydrophobic organic layering. Shear strength increased with single carbon tail length or with cation size, although the latter effect tended to reach a plateau as the length of the four short cation tails increased from 2 to 4. In terms of small strain behavior, the shear modulus was shown to be a function of the total organic carbon content. It is believed that number of particle contacts increased as the organic carbon content increased. Stiffness increased as either the size of the cation or the total organic carbon content was increased. Damping also increased as the organic loading was increased, with the organic phase acting as an energy dissipation mechanism.

O chalk é uma rocha calcária formada de calcita, com até 95% de teor de carbonato de cálcio. Pode ser encontrado no oeste europeu e cobre aproximadamente 15% da área do Reino Unido. Muitas construções e obras de infraestrutura são realizadas sobre o chalk, e situações imprevisíveis ainda acontecem pela falta de conhecimento do seu comportamento geotécnico. Sem ser perturbado, o chalk é uma rocha fraca que permanece estável. Entretanto, quando esmagado, ele rompe facilmente. Estes desafios, somados à abundância deste material no Reino Unido, fez com que ele passasse a ser estudado nos últimos anos para um melhor entendimento de suas características e comportamento. Uma das formas de melhoramento do comportamento do chalk é com adição de cimento Portland ao material, desenvolvida nesta pesquisa. O chalk utilizado nos testes é da região de St. Nicholas, Kent, no Reino Unido, classificado, de acordo com a CIRIA, como A/B, com baixa a média densidade. O material foi moído em laboratório até a obtenção de um silte arenoso, com D50 de 0,035 mm. O material foi misturado com cimento Portland de alta resistência inicial, nas porcentagens 3, 5 e 7% em relação à massa de solo seco. Os resultados dos testes de compressão simples e de tração por compressão diametral e de rigidez inicial (G0) mostraram um ganho de resistência com o aumento do teor de cimento e dos pesos específicos aparentes secos nas amostras estudadas. Os dados de resistência foram analisados em função da porosidade pelo teor volumétrico de cimento (/Civ), mostrando a influência do nível de cimentação e do nível de compactação na resistência da mistura. O expoente de ajuste de 0,28 no volume de agente cimentante gerou melhores coeficientes de determinação nos resultados. Houve uma relação praticamente linear entre a rigidez inicial e a resistência à compressão simples. As curvas de rigidez ao longo do tempo mostraram uma tendência logarítmica da evolução de G0 com o tempo, para todas as amostras. Nos ensaios de durabilidade, quanto maior o peso específico e teor de cimento da amostra, menor a perda de massa. A rigidez permaneceu praticamente constante durante os 12 ciclos. / Chalk is a limestone formed by calcite, with up to 95% of calcium carbonate content. It can be found in Western Europe and it covers about 15% of the area of the United Kingdom. Many constructions and infrastructure works are carried out on chalk, and unpredictable situations still happen due to the lack of knowledge of its geotechnical behavior. Undisturbed, chalk is a weak rock that remains stable. However, when crushed, it breaks easily. These challenges, coupled with the abundance of this material in the UK, have led chalk to be studied in recent years for a better understanding of its characteristics and behavior. One of the ways of improving the chalk behavior is with the addition of Portland cement to the material, which is developed in this research. The chalk used in the testing was collected in St. Nicholas, Kent, UK, and characterised as CIRIA Grade A/B, low to medium density. The material was crushed in the laboratory until it became sandy silt, with D50 of 0.035 mm. The material was mixed with high initial strength Portland cement, at 3, 5 and 7% in relation to the dry soil mass The results of unconfined compression, traction by diametral compression and initial stiffness (G0) tests showed a gain of strength with the increase of cement content and specific dry unit weights in the studied samples. The strength data was analyzed as a function of the porosity by the volumetric content of cement (/Civ), showing the influence of the level of cementation and compaction in the strength of the mixture. The adjustment exponent of 0.28 in the cementing agent volume generated better determination coefficients in the results. There was an almost linear relationship between initial stiffness and unconfined compression strength. The stiffness versus time curves showed a logarithmic trend for the evolution of G0 with time in all samples. In the durability tests, the higher the dry unit weight and cement content of the sample, the lower the mass loss. The stiffness remained practically constant during the 12 cycles.

O chalk é uma rocha calcária formada de calcita, com até 95% de teor de carbonato de cálcio. Pode ser encontrado no oeste europeu e cobre aproximadamente 15% da área do Reino Unido. Muitas construções e obras de infraestrutura são realizadas sobre o chalk, e situações imprevisíveis ainda acontecem pela falta de conhecimento do seu comportamento geotécnico. Sem ser perturbado, o chalk é uma rocha fraca que permanece estável. Entretanto, quando esmagado, ele rompe facilmente. Estes desafios, somados à abundância deste material no Reino Unido, fez com que ele passasse a ser estudado nos últimos anos para um melhor entendimento de suas características e comportamento. Uma das formas de melhoramento do comportamento do chalk é com adição de cimento Portland ao material, desenvolvida nesta pesquisa. O chalk utilizado nos testes é da região de St. Nicholas, Kent, no Reino Unido, classificado, de acordo com a CIRIA, como A/B, com baixa a média densidade. O material foi moído em laboratório até a obtenção de um silte arenoso, com D50 de 0,035 mm. O material foi misturado com cimento Portland de alta resistência inicial, nas porcentagens 3, 5 e 7% em relação à massa de solo seco. Os resultados dos testes de compressão simples e de tração por compressão diametral e de rigidez inicial (G0) mostraram um ganho de resistência com o aumento do teor de cimento e dos pesos específicos aparentes secos nas amostras estudadas. Os dados de resistência foram analisados em função da porosidade pelo teor volumétrico de cimento (/Civ), mostrando a influência do nível de cimentação e do nível de compactação na resistência da mistura. O expoente de ajuste de 0,28 no volume de agente cimentante gerou melhores coeficientes de determinação nos resultados. Houve uma relação praticamente linear entre a rigidez inicial e a resistência à compressão simples. As curvas de rigidez ao longo do tempo mostraram uma tendência logarítmica da evolução de G0 com o tempo, para todas as amostras. Nos ensaios de durabilidade, quanto maior o peso específico e teor de cimento da amostra, menor a perda de massa. A rigidez permaneceu praticamente constante durante os 12 ciclos. / Chalk is a limestone formed by calcite, with up to 95% of calcium carbonate content. It can be found in Western Europe and it covers about 15% of the area of the United Kingdom. Many constructions and infrastructure works are carried out on chalk, and unpredictable situations still happen due to the lack of knowledge of its geotechnical behavior. Undisturbed, chalk is a weak rock that remains stable. However, when crushed, it breaks easily. These challenges, coupled with the abundance of this material in the UK, have led chalk to be studied in recent years for a better understanding of its characteristics and behavior. One of the ways of improving the chalk behavior is with the addition of Portland cement to the material, which is developed in this research. The chalk used in the testing was collected in St. Nicholas, Kent, UK, and characterised as CIRIA Grade A/B, low to medium density. The material was crushed in the laboratory until it became sandy silt, with D50 of 0.035 mm. The material was mixed with high initial strength Portland cement, at 3, 5 and 7% in relation to the dry soil mass The results of unconfined compression, traction by diametral compression and initial stiffness (G0) tests showed a gain of strength with the increase of cement content and specific dry unit weights in the studied samples. The strength data was analyzed as a function of the porosity by the volumetric content of cement (/Civ), showing the influence of the level of cementation and compaction in the strength of the mixture. The adjustment exponent of 0.28 in the cementing agent volume generated better determination coefficients in the results. There was an almost linear relationship between initial stiffness and unconfined compression strength. The stiffness versus time curves showed a logarithmic trend for the evolution of G0 with time in all samples. In the durability tests, the higher the dry unit weight and cement content of the sample, the lower the mass loss. The stiffness remained practically constant during the 12 cycles.

The present work presents the development of a methodology for transforming conventional roll benders of industrial tubes and plates into an equipment with a programmable automatic system for bending parts with fixed and/or changeable rays. A conceptual mechanical project (without details) is presented and computational resources were implemented for recognition of drawings defined in a system of computer aided design with the objective of automatically generating the task-program, being capable of making the conformation of the projected part. This way, the requirement of programmable operation is satisfied and the equipment will work according to principles of numerical command machines. Besides that, the proposal considers the necessary adjustment in the machine operational parameters because of the material springback through the image processing extracted from a photo of the conformed part. Thus, the ray executed in the part is recognized and makes it possible to compare it with the projected ray. According to this study, the system was implemented as an applicative of CAD system for the technique viability analysis and was concluded to be viable, since the programming methodology was implemented successfully and the results were satisfactory, the user can draw a part in a CAD system and a program CNC is generated for the execution of the part. Other related and important aspects for the development of the methodology are discussed, such as: CNC programming, image processing, CAD programming systems and the process of mechanical forming to bend tubes or plates. / O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para transformar calandras de tubos e chapas convencionais em equipamentos com sistema automático programável para execução de peças com raios fixos e/ou variáveis. É apresentado um projeto mecânico conceitual (sem detalhamento) e são implementados recursos computacionais para reconhecimento de desenhos definidos em sistema de projeto auxiliado por computador com o objetivo de gerar automaticamente o programa-tarefa capaz de executar a conformação da peça projetada. Desta maneira, o requisito de operação programável é satisfeito fazendo com que o equipamento trabalhe segundo os princípios de máquinas CNC. A proposta considera ainda o ajuste necessário nos parâmetros de operação da máquina devido a recuperação elástica do material através do processamento de uma imagem extraída de uma foto da peça conformada. Desta forma, o raio executado na peça é reconhecido e torna-se possível compará-lo com o raio projetado. Conforme demonstra o estudo, para análise da viabilidade técnica da proposta, o sistema foi implementado na forma de aplicativo de sistema CAD e conclui-se ser viável, já que a metodologia de programação foi implementada com sucesso e gerou resultados satisfatórios, onde o usuário desenha uma peça em sistema CAD e um programa CNC para a execução da peça é gerado. Outros aspectos relativos e importantes para o desenvolvimento da metodologia são discutidos, tais como: programação CNC, processamento de imagens, programação em sistemas CAD e processo de conformação mecânica para curvar tubos ou chapas.

Samuel Beckett penned novels, short stories, poetry, stage plays, radio plays, and scripts—and he did each in a way that blended genre, challenged the norms of creative writing, and surprised audiences around the globe. His experimental approach to creative writing included the use of absurdism, genre-hybridization, and ergodicism, which led to Beckett fundamentally changing the approach to creative writing. His aesthetics have trickled down through the years and can be seen in contemporary works, including Aimee Bender’s short story collection The Girl in the Flammable Skirt and Mark Z. Danielewski’s novel House of Leaves[1]. By examining these works in comparison to Beckett, this project hopes to illuminate the effects of Beckett’s experimentation in form and genre on contemporary creative writing. [1] The word ‘house’ appears in blue to honor Danielewski’s decision to have the word printed in that color each time it appears in his novel.