The Bender-Gestalt test is one of the most widely used psychological tests in clinical practice. However, very few empirical studies have investigated its projective use with adults. The purpose of the present study was to replicate a study conducted by Sellbom et al. (2001), which examined distortions of the Bender-Gestalt hypothesized to measure antisocial, impulsive, and depressive characteristics. It was found that the findings in Sellbom et al. (2001) were partially replicated, indicating that certain distortions, especially in conjunction, were significantly related to antisocial characteristics. The author suggests that the Bender-Gestalt could potentially be used as a screening measure for antisocial characteristics, but not to measure impulsive and depressive characteristics. / Department of Psychological Science

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 131-143).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-143). Also available in print.

Submitted by Jeferson Fernandes (jefersonbfengenheiro@gmail.com) on 2016-08-27T15:11:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rev 04_A.pdf: 51308604 bytes, checksum: 0fe8e8124a2d018508341a4d78a6a787 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-30T14:51:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_jb_me_bauru.pdf: 51308604 bytes, checksum: 0fe8e8124a2d018508341a4d78a6a787 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T14:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_jb_me_bauru.pdf: 51308604 bytes, checksum: 0fe8e8124a2d018508341a4d78a6a787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o comportamento geomecânico de um solo tropical não saturado, a fim de avaliar o efeito da sucção nos resultados de ensaios de resistência e de deformabilidade. As amostras são classificadas como areia fina pouco argilosa, de composição granulométrica semelhante nas três profundidades estudadas (1,5, 3,0 e 5,0 m). Além desses solos apresentarem praticamente nenhuma plasticidade, as curvas de retenção da água mostraram que eles têm valores de entrada de ar próximo a 2 kPa e zonas de dessaturação verticalizadas. As envoltórias de resistência determinadas a partir de ensaios triaxiais saturados e não saturados mostraram que o acréscimo no ângulo de atrito e na coesão é devido principalmente à sucção e às características físicas do solo de cada profundidade. Verificou-se que a previsão da resistência não saturada pode ser feita empregando uma função hiperbólica em conjunto com uma função da porosidade quando a razão entre os ângulos de atrito ϕb/ϕ’ no estado saturado é menor que a unidade. Estudou-se também a variação do módulo de cisalhamento máximo (G0) para diferentes condições de sucção, confinamento e de carregamento. A determinação de G0 desses solos foi feita por meio de ensaios triaxiais equipados com transdutores de flexão, chamados de bender elements. Esses resultados mostraram que a variação de G0 em função do estado de tensões e de deformações pode ser adequadamente representada por modelos matemáticos que levam em consideração, além do estado de tensões, o efeito das variações na sucção e na porosidade. Por meio dos dados experimentais obtidos, verificou-se ainda que a compressibilidade desses solos pode ser inserida como variável independente no modelo que considera o efeito da porosidade nas variações de G0. / The objective of this work is to study the geomechanical behavior of a tropical unsaturated soil in order to evaluate the influence of the soil suction on shear strength and deformability test data. The soil samples are classified as clayed fine sand with similar grain size constitution in the three studied depths (1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 m). Besides these soils have almost no plasticity, the water retention curves indicated that these soils present air entry value near to 2 kPa and a vertical desaturation zone. Shear strength envelopes determined via saturated and unsaturated triaxial tests showed that the increase in friction angle and cohesion is mainly due to the suction and to the soil physical characteristics at each depth. When the saturated friction angle ratio (ϕb/ϕ’) is less than one, the unsaturated shear strength prediction can be made using a hyperbolic function together with a function of porosity. The variation of the maximum shear modulus (G0) at different conditions of suction, liquid confining pressure and loading are also studied. The G0 values were determined for these soils in triaxial tests equipped with bender elements. These results indicated that the variation of G0 as a function of the stress and strain state can be properly represented by mathematical models, which take into account the effect of the suction and porosity variation besides the stress state. It was also found by means of the experimental data that the compressibility of these soils can be plugged as an independent variable in a model which considers the influence of soil porosity in the G0 variations.

South Africa, as one of the world’s largest gold producing countries, also generates large amounts of tailings. These tailings are disposed in tailings dams, which pose great threat to the environment in the case of failure, in particular, liquefaction. In order to evaluate the potential of liquefaction, the void ratio of the tailings is required and is often impossible to obtain. Seismic methods allow an indirect method to estimate void ratio of in situ deposits of which tailings are examples of. Currently, the use of seismic methods to estimate void ratio of tailings rely on shear wave velocity – void ratio relationships derived for sands. It is thus uncertain whether this relationship holds for gold tailings, which is classified as a sandy silt or silt. The measurement of shear wave velocity of tailings is done in the laboratory using a triaxial apparatus modified to accommodate bender element. Shear wave velocities are measured using wide square pulses and continuous sinusoidal waves. The results show that there is a near linear relationship between void ratio and shear wave velocity normalized against effective stress. The position of this relationship lies below the previously published results for sands. Shear wave velocity of gold tailings is more sensitive to changes in effective stress than changes in void ratio or over-consolidation ratio. Furthermore, using phase sensitive detection of continuous waves, we can conclude that shear wave velocity of gold tailings is also frequency dependent. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Civil Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

The purposes of the present study are to try to establish whether perception and motor skill are determinant factors of performance on the Bender-Gestalt Test and to investigate the degree of relationship and importance of each factor on the B-G-T.

No description available.

Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire a pour objectif d'aboutir à une meilleure caractérisation expérimentale du comportement non drainé du sable d'Hostun à l'échelle locale, en relation avec les différentes méthodes de reconstitution utilisées. On vise en particulier à mettre en évidence la façon dont la microstructure influence les propriétés des sols granulaires, notamment vis-à-vis de l'instabilité de liquéfaction. Le point clé de ce travail consiste en l'utilisation de capteurs piézoélectriques pour mesurer les vitesses d'onde de cisaillement au sein d'éprouvettes triaxiales reconstituées par trois techniques différentes à savoir le damage humide, la pluviation à sec et la pluviation sous eau. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l'influence considérable du mode de fabrication sur le comportement mécanique du sable. Ils montrent que pour une même densité initiale, et à même pression de confinement, le comportement mécanique observé est très différent selon les trois modes de préparation. Les valeurs de vitesses d'onde de cisaillement enregistrées sont différentes d'un mode de déposition à un autre. Concernant l'anisotropie, le matériau préparé par damage humide présente un certain degré d'anisotropie inhérente, qui est toutefois minimal. En revanche, la pluviation à sec et la pluviation sous eau induisent des structures initiales plus isotropes. / This work aims to achieve a better experimental characterization of the undrained behavior of the Hostun HN31 sand at the local scale, depending on the different procedures used for sample reconstitution. We particularly highlight the influence of the microstructure on the mechanical behavior of sand especially in relation to liquefaction instability. The key point of this work consists of the use of piezoelectric transducers to measure shear wave velocities within triaxial sand specimens. These specimens have been prepared by different methods, namely: moist tamping, dry pluviation and water pluviation. The obtained results highlight the considerable influence of the deposition mode on the mechanical behavior of sand. They show that for the same initial density, and at the same confining pressure, the mechanical behavior is very different from the three preparation methods. Furthermore, the values of shear wave velocity are different from one deposition mode to another. Concerning the anisotropy, the material prepared by moist tamping presents an inherent degree of anisotropy, which it is however minimal. On the other hand, dry pluviation and water pluviation induce more isotropic initial structures. Moreover, the initial anisotropy is less important than the anisotropy induced by loading. These experimental results indicate that the initial state of a granular medium can not be described by only couple of scalar variables of initial density and confining pressure: a variable that can reflect the initial microstructure and an evolution law of this variable are necessary to model the experimental observations.

Servo valves are used in a broad variety of flow modulation applications. In the field of aerospace, servo valves are used in aero engines to meter fuel flow. The existing valves are labour intensive to manufacture and highly optimised such that to achieve improvements in performance requires a novel design. This research investigates smart material actuators and valve concepts. Specifically, a prototype pilot stage nozzle flapper valve is developed for the purpose of actuating a main stage spool. The typical nozzle flapper type servo valve uses a torque motor to actuate the flapper. In this research project, the torque motor has been substituted for two piezoelectric ring bender actuators. A novel mounting mechanism has been developed to secure the ring benders within the valve. Analytical and finite element models have been made to understand the displacement mechanism of a ring bender and the effects of the mount on the displacement and force from a ring bender, and the results were compared with experiment. The mounting stiffness at the inner and outer edges was found to decrease the displacement of the ring bender and it was found that the stiffness of the mount at the outer edge has a greater negative effect on displacement than the stiffness of the mount at the inner edge. The displacement of a ring bender was tested across the operational temperature range of an aero engine. It was found that the displacement of the ring bender is reduced at low temperatures and increases at high temperature. The variation of stiffness of the elastomeric mount was also tested with temperature and it was found that the displacement of a ring bender is significantly reduced when the mounting elastomer approaches its glass transition temperature. A prototype valve was built to test the pressures and flows that could be achieved at two control ports by using a ring bender as actuator. A single ring bender and two ring benders, mounted in tandem to provide redundancy, have been tested. An analytical model was developed and the predictions are compared with experimental results for pressures and flow. The full stroke of the valve was 300m when mounted and reduced to 150m when mounted in tandem with an inactive ring bender. The hysteresis of the valve is +/-10%. The pressures and flow at and between the control ports of the valve are consistent with the predictions.

O Teste Guestáltico Visomotor de Bender é um teste psicológico utilizado em psicodiagnósticos infantis nas áreas clínica e neuropsicológica, embora existam adaptações para adolescentes e adultos. Em crianças seu uso se destina a avaliações da maturidade percepto-motora ou organização visomotora, diagnósticos de lesões cerebrais e perturbações emocionais, podendo também ser utilizado como uma técnica projetiva. Para os adultos é empregado tanto como uma técnica projetiva quanto para a identificação de alguns indicadores psicopatológicos e neuropsicológicos. Desde a sua elaboração em 1938 por Lauretta Bender, diversos sistemas de aplicação e avaliação foram desenvolvidos, sendo um dos mais conhecidos o de Elizabeth Koppitz. A tarefa a ser realizada pelo examinando consiste na reprodução de alguns desenhos, que podem ser somente copiados ou copiados e posteriormente reproduzidos de memória, dependendo do sistema utilizado. A avaliação consiste na análise da forma e precisão com que os desenhos são realizados. Um dos mais novos sistemas de avaliação é o Teste Bender Koppitz-2 proposto por Reynolds, que não é somente uma revisão, mas também uma extensão e um redesenvolvimento do sistema Koppitz original e que foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de integração visomotora. A principal diferença em relação ao teste original é que são acrescentados novos modelos mais fáceis, para as crianças mais novas, e mais difíceis, para as mais velhas, além dos nove propostos por Bender. Também foi ampliada a faixa etária de utilização, que passou a ser de 5 a 85 anos. Além disso, enquanto na avaliação do teste original são pontuados os erros na reprodução dos desenhos, na versão atual são pontuados os acertos, ou seja, o quanto eles foram bem realizados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar estudos de validade, fidedignidade e normatização do Sistema Koppitiz-2 em crianças de escolas públicas da cidade de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por 623 crianças, sendo 51,7% do sexo feminino e 48,3% do masculino. As idades variaram entre 6 e 12 anos (média= 9,05 anos e DP=1,86) e a escolaridade entre um e nove anos de estudo. A validade foi investigada em relação ao desenvolvimento e pela relação com outros testes, o Teste de Inteligência Não Verbal - R-2 e as Figuras Complexas de Rey e pela correlação com a versão original do teste. A fidedignidade foi estudada pelos métodos do teste e reteste, precisão entre avaliadores e consistência interna. Os testes foram aplicados individualmente e as crianças que participaram dos diferentes estudos foram incluídas na amostra total. As análises foram conduzidas separadamente para as crianças de 6 e 7 anos e para as de 8 a 12 anos, uma vez que os sistemas de pontuação baseados na qualidade da execução dos desenhos são diferentes em função da idade. Os resultados mostraram correlações entre 0,616 e 0,648 para os mais novos e entre 0,647 e 0,778 para os mais velhos com as Figuras Complexas de Rey. Em relação ao R-2 as correlações variaram entre 0,542 e 0,638 e 0,439 e 0,667 (respectivamente para os mais novos e mais velhos). As correlações com o sistema Koppitz foram de -0,646 para os mais novos e -0,566 para os mais velhos. Quanto à Fidedignidade, as correlações entre o teste e o reteste variaram entre 0,794 e 0,837 para os mais jovens e 0,745 e 0,964 para os mais velhos. Os valores do Alfa de Cronbach variaram entre 0,716 e 0,879 e para a precisão entre avaliadores as correlações foram de 0,966 para os mais novos e 0,972 para os mais velhos. Foram realizadas análises de variância em função da idade, sexo e tipo de escola, cujos resultados indicaram a necessidade de normas em percentil separadas em relação a essas três variáveis, já que as médias dos grupos se diferenciaram estatisticamente em relação a elas, com destaque para as diferenças entre as médias dos mais velhos que tenderam a ser maiores do que as dos mais novos, ainda que não em todos os casos. Os resultados indicaram adequados índices de validade e fidedignidade para o Koppitz-2 que confirmam suas propriedades psicométricas, caracterizando-o como um instrumento que pode ser utilizado nas avaliações da capacidade de integração visomotora de crianças de 6 a 12 anos nos psicodiagnósticos para os mais diversos fins. No entanto ainda serão necessárias algumas revisões nos critérios de avaliação, que em alguns casos, se mostraram pouco definidos / The Bender Gestalt Test is a psychological test used in children diagnosis in clinical and neuropsychological areas, although there are adaptations for adolescents and adults. It is used to the assessments of perceptual-motor maturity or visual-motor organization, diagnosis of brain injuries and emotional disorders of children, and may also be used as a projective technique. For adults it is used both as a projective technique as well as for the identification of some psychopathological and neuropsychological indicators. Since it was published in 1938 by Lauretta Bender, many systems of administration and scoring have been developed, being one of the most known the system of Elizabeth Koppitz. The task to be performed by the examinee is to reproduce some drawings, which can only be copied or be copied and then reproduced by memory, depending on the system used. The evaluation consists in the analysis of the shape and the accuracy in which the drawings are done. One of the newest assessment systems is the Bender Koppitz-2 Test, proposed by Reynolds, which is not only a review, but also an extension and redevelopment of the original Koppitz system that was developed with the purpose of evaluate the visualmotor integration ability. The main difference is that new easier models for youngest children are added in the new test, and more difficult for the older ones, besides the nine, proposed by Bender. It has also been expanded the age range of use, from 5 to 85 years old. Furthermore, while in the evaluation of the original test errors are scored, in the current version the correct reproduction of the drawings are scored instead, meaning how well they were made. The goal of this work was to establish validity, reliability and the standardization of the Koppitiz-2 system to children from public schools in the city of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 623 children, being 51.7% female and 48.3% male. The ages ranged from 6 to 12 years of age (average = 9.05 years, SD = 1.86) and education between one and nine years of study. The validity was investigated in relation to the development and by the relationship with other tests: The Nonverbal Intelligence Test R-2, the Rey Complex Figures and the original version of the test. The reliability was studied by the methods of test and retest, interscorers reliability and internal consistency. The tests were applied individually and children who participated in the different studies were included in the total sample. The analyses were made separately for children of 6 and 7 years old and from 8 to 12 years old since the scoring systems based on the quality of the drawings are different depending on the age. The results showed correlations between 0.616 and 0.648 for the youngest ones and between 0.647 and 0.778 for oldest ones with the Rey Complex Figure. Regarding the R-2, correlations ranged between 0.542 and 0.638 and 0.439 and 0.667 (respectively for the youngest and oldest children). The correlations with the original Koppitz system were -0.646 for the youngest ones and -0.566 for the oldest ones. Reliability coefficients between test and retest varied between 0.794 and 0.837 for youngest and 0.745 and 0.964 for the oldest. The Cronbach\'s alpha ranged between 0.716 and 0.879 and the interscorers reliability correlations were 0.966 for the youngest ones and 0.972 for the oldest ones. Analysis of variance were performed according to age, sex and type of school, since their results indicated the need for standards in separate percentile to these three variables, and the average of the groups differed statistically in relation to them, especially the differences between the means of the oldest, who tended to be higher than of the youngest, but not in all cases. The results indicated adequate validity and reliability indices for the Koppitz-2, that confirm its psychometric properties, characterizing it as a tool that can be used in assessment of visual motor integration ability of children between 6-12 years of age in psychodiagnosis for various purposes. However some revisions will be required in the assessment criteria which, in some cases, proved to be poorly defined