This study describes the verse design of Old English poetry in terms of modern phonological theory, developing an analysis which allows all OE verse lines to be described in terms of single metrical design. Old English poetry is typified by a single type of line of variable length, characterised by four metrical peaks. The variation evident in the lengths of OE metrical units has caused previous models to overgenerate acceptable verse forms or to develop complex typologies of dozens of acceptable forms. In this study, Metrical phonology and Optimality theory are used to highlight some aspects of the relationship between syntax, phonology and verse metrics in determining how sentences and phrases interact with the verse structure to create variation. The main part of the study is a metrical model based on the results of a corpus analysis. The corpus is centred on the OE poems Genesis and Andreas, complemented by selected shorter poems. A template of a prototypical line is described based on a verse foot which contains three vocalic moras, and which can vary between 2 and 4 vocalic moras distributed across 1 to 4 syllables. Each standard line is shown to consist of four of these verse feet, leading to a line length which can vary between 8 and 16 vocalic moras. It is shown that the limited variation within the length of the verse foot causes the greater variation in the length of lines. The rare, longer ‘hypermetric’ line is also accounted for with a modified analysis. The study disentangles the verse foot, which is an abstract metrical structure, from the prosodic word, which is a phonological object upon which the verse foot is based, and with which it is often congruent. Separate sets of constraints are elaborated for creating prosodic words in OE, and for fitting them into verse feet and lines. The metrical model developed as a result of this analysis is supported by three smaller focused studies. The constraints for creating prosodic words are defended with reference to compounds and derivational nouns, and are supported by a smaller study focusing on the metrical realisation of non-Germanic personal names in OE verse. Names of biblical origin are often longer than the OE prosodic word can accommodate. The supporting study on non-Germanic names demonstrates how long words with no obvious internal morphology in OE are adapted first to OE prosody and then to the verse structure. The solution for the metrical realisation of these names is shown to be patterned on derivational nouns. The supporting study on compound numerals describes how phrases longer than a verse are accommodated by the verse design. It is shown that compound numerals, which consist of two or more numeral words (e.g. 777 – seofonhund and seofon and hundseofontig) are habitually rearranged within the text to meet the requirements of verse length and alliteration. A further supporting study discusses the difference between the line length constraints controlling OE verse design and those for Old Norse and Old Saxon verse. Previous studies have often conflated these three closely related traditions into a single system. It is shown that despite their common characteristics, the verse design described in this study applies to all OE verse, but not to ON or OS.

Commodity supercomputing clusters known as Beowulf clusters, have become a low cost alternative to traditional supercomputers. Beowulf clusters combine inexpensive computers and specialized software to achieve supercomputing power. The processing nodes in a diskless Beowulf cluster do not have a local hard disk unlike the nodes in most commodity clusters. Research has provided performance information for diskless clusters built with expensive, high performance equipment. Beowulf clusters use commodity off-the-shell hardware, and little information is available about their performance. This research includes the construction of several diskless Beowulf clusters. Using the NAS Parallel Benchmarks, the performance of these clusters was measured. Through analysis of these measurements, a descriptive performance model of diskless Beowulf clusters was produced.

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This dissertation examines the relationship between wisdom and identity in Old English and Old Norse-Icelandic literature. At present, the study of medieval wisdom is largely tangential to the study of proverbs and maxims. This dissertation makes wisdom its primary object of study; it sees wisdom not just as a literary category, but also as a cultural discourse found in texts not usually included in the wisdom canon. I therefore examine both wisdom literature and wisdom in literature. The central characteristic of wisdom, I argue, is its liminality. The biblical question “Where is wisdom to be found?” is difficult to answer because of wisdom’s in-between-ness: it is ever between individuals, communities, and times (Job 28:12 Douay-Rheims). As a liminal discourse, wisdom both grounds and problematizes identity in Old English and Old Norse-Icelandic literature. After a preliminary chapter that defines key terms such as “wisdom” and “wisdom literature,” I examine heroic wisdom in three characters who are defined by their wise traits and skills and yet who are ultimately betrayed by wisdom to death or exile. The implications of this problematic relation to wisdom are then examined in the next chapter, which analyzes the composition of wisdom in proverb poems. Like the wise hero, the poets represented in these poems blend their own voices with the voice of community, demonstrating that identity is open and therefore in need of constant revision. Next I examine how the liminality of wisdom is embodied in the figure of the wise monster, who negatively marks the boundaries of society and its desires. This then leads to a study of the reception of wisdom in chapter six, which focuses on instruction poems. Like narratives of wise monsters, these texts present lore as the nostalgic remnant of a tradition that defines identity, in this case the identity of a community. However, nostalgia assumes loss, and these texts also reveal an underlying fear that wisdom, the basis of the community’s identity, will be forgotten. Whether communal or individual, identity in this literature is both formed and threatened by liminal wisdom. / Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2014-05-08 15:35:46.885

x, 208 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The scattered instances depicting material literature in Anglo-Saxon poetry should be regarded as a group. This phenomenon occurs in Beowulf, The Dream of the Rood, and The Husband's Message. Comparative examples of material literature can be found on the Ruthwell Cross and the Franks Casket. This study examines material literature in these three poems, comparing their depictions of material literature to actual examples. Poems depicting material literature bring the relationship between man and object into dramatic play, using the object's point of view to bear witness to the truth of distant or intensely personal events. Material literature is depicted in a love poem, The Husband's Message, when a prosopopoeic runestick vouches for the sincerity of its master, in the heroic epic Beowulf when an ancient, inscribed sword is the impetus to give an account of the biblical flood, and is also implied in the devotional poem The Dream of the Rood, as two crosses both pre-and-post dating the poem bear texts similar to portions of the poem. The study concludes by examining the relationship between material anxiety and the character of Weland in Beowulf, Deor, Alfred's Consolation of Philosophy, and Waldere A & B. Concern with materiality in Anglo-Saxon poetry manifests in myriad ways: prosopopoeic riddles, both heroic and devotional passages directly assailing the value of the material, personification of objects, and in depictions of material literature. This concern manifests as a material anxiety. Weland tames the material and twists and shapes it, re-affirming the supremacy of mankind in a material world. / Committee in charge: Martha Bayless, Chairperson, English; James Earl, Member, English; Daniel Wojcik, Member, English; Aletta Biersack, Outside Member, Anthropology

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work, the combined multi-direct forcing and immersed boundary method (IBM) were presented to simulate uid-structure interaction problems. The multi-direct forcing is used aim at satisfying the no-slip condition in the immersed boundary. For the numerical simulations was used a multi-purpose computer code that is being developed in the MFlab - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of Federal University of Uberl^andia. Tests are made to validate the numerical schemes and routines were implemented to simulate uid-structures interaction problems. Furthermore, computational tools are developed to construct and manage and optimize the use of a Beowulf cluster where all the parallel simulations presented in this work were done. The Method of Manufactured Solutions has been used for order-of-accuracy verication in the computational uid dynamics code. Two uid-structure interaction problems were studied using this methodology. The rst is a ow over a sphere for some Reynolds numbers. The results were compared to empirical results, obtaining satisfactory approximations. The second one is a immersed simple pendulum. For this problem the results are in agreement with physics. Indeed, these are preliminar results. New tests must be done to make progress in the methodology. Improvements are proposed in the IBM, in the uid-structure model, in the turbulence model, in the method used to discretize the uid domain. It is also proposed to apply the methodology to real problems as risers and valves. / O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo a aplicação do método multifoçagem (MMF) para solução numérica tridimensional de problemas de interação uidoestrutura, buscando-se garantir a condição de não-escorregamento na região da fronteira imersa. Para as simulações numéricas foi utilizado um código computacional multipropósito em desenvolvimento no MFlab - Laboratório de Mecânica dos Fluidos da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foram feitas modificações nesse código para que se pudesse validá-lo para solução de problemas com fronteira imersa e foi implementada uma rotina para solução de um problema de interação uido-estrutura total. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um pacote de ferramentas computacionais que possibilitou instalar e melhorar o desempenho de um cluster do tipo Beowulf utilizado para o desenvolvimento das simulações num eriças em paralelo do presente trabalho. Utilizando o Método das Soluções Manufaturadas foram obtidas soluções sintetizadas para as equações de Navier-Stokes, o que possibilitou obter a ordem de convergência numérica do código computacional para problemas contínuos e a validação deste código para problemas envolvendo corpos imersos ao combinar a o método das soluções manufaturadas com a metodologia de fronteira imersa. Na sequência foi solucionado o problema de escoamento ao redor de uma esfera parada, cujos resultados foram comparados com referencias empíricas, obtendo-se boa aproximação. Ainda para esse caso foi feita a avalição da norma L2 para as soluções num eriças obtidas nos pontos lagrangianos verificando a garantia da condição de não-escorregamento e feita uma análise da inuência dos número de ciclos utilizados no método multi-forçagem. Foi vericado que a solução numérica obtida depende do número de ciclos o que faz com que seja necessário se estabelecer um critério de convergência para este método. Um segundo problema de interação uido-estrutura total foi estudado. Consiste em um pêndulo simples imerso em um uido que parte de uma dada posição angular inicial e oscila em torno da sua posição de equilíbrio, até parar. Para esse caso foram feitas análises quantitativas. Os resultados são preliminares mas coerentes com a física do problema, indicando que a metodologia é adequada para solução deste tipo de problema. / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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