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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Alterações ultra-estruturais induzidas pela instabilidade do detrusor em coelhos: ação da oxibutinina

Yamamoto, Hamilto Akihissa [UNESP] January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 yamamoto_ha_dr_botfm.pdf: 4408986 bytes, checksum: 34c713ac4429aec13c514756847233ef (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Alterações ultra-estruturais induzidas pela instabilidade do detrusor em coelhos. Ação da oxibutinina. Introdução e Objetivos - A obstrução parcial da bexiga pode ocasionar instabilidade vesical. A oxibutinina intravesical pode melhorar os sintomas de urgência ou incontinência urinária, nos pacientes que não respondem ao tratamento ou apresentam efeitos colaterais importantes, com a oxibutinina oral. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as alterações ultra-estruturais na instabilidade vesical de coelhos tratados com oxibutinina intravesical. Material e Métodos - Foram utilizados 15 coelhos machos, Norfolk distribuídos, de maneira aleatória, em 3 grupos experimentais, sendo cada grupo composto por 5 animais: Grupo I - Controle Clínico, Grupo II – Instabilidade vesical e Grupo III – Instabilidade vesical + oxibutinina intravesical. Nos grupos II e III os animais foram submetidos à técnica de obstrução parcial infravesical e foram incluídos os animais que desenvolveram contrações involuntárias do detrusor durante o estudo cistométrico. Nos coelhos do grupo III foi instilado oxibutinina intravesical na dose de 0,5mg/Kg uma vez por dia. Após 30 dias os animais foram submetidos à avaliação do peso corporal, peso da bexiga, exames laboratoriais (creatinina plasmática e cultura de urina), avaliação citométrica e estudo de microscopia eletrônica. Resultados - O ganho de peso corporal médio nos grupos G1, GII e GIII foi estatisticamente significante nos diferentes momentos. Após 30 dias o peso da bexiga dos animais do GII e GIII foi estatisticamente maior que o do grupo GI. Observamos infecção urinária em 80% dos casos no grupo GII, em 40% no grupo GIII e ausência no grupo controle. No grupo G III verificamos ausência de contrações involuntárias do detrusor em 80% dos casos no momento final. No estudo com microscopia eletrônica... / Ultrastructural alterations observed in rabbits with detrusor instability: The action of oxybutynin. Introduction and Objectives - Partial bladder outlet obstruction may develop detrusor instability (DI). Intravesical oxybutynin is known to improve clinical symptoms and urodynamic findings in these patients. The aim of this study was to perform electron microscopy study on bladder of rabbits with detrusor instability submitted or not to intravesical instillation of oxybutynin. Materials e methods - 15 male Norfolk rabbits were randomly distributed into 3 groups: In group I (n=5), no surgical intervention was performed. In group II and III, detrusor instability was developed using a cable-tie located around the urethra and a 10 Fr urethral catheter urodynamic study was performed 1 week after the procedure. Only those animals that developed detrusor instability were included in the study (5 animals in each group). In group III, 0,5mg/Kg/d of oxybutinin was instilled inside the bladder during 30 days. After urodynamic study, animal and bladder weight, creatinin and urine culture were evaluated. All the animals were sacrificed and study electron microscopic evaluation was performed. Results - In group I, urodynamic study showed no alteration. In group II and III, 100% and 20% of the animals presented DI at the end of the study. Urinary tract infection was present in 80% and 40% in groups II and III respectively. Average bladder weight after sacrifice was higher in groups II and III than in group I. Electron microscopy showed an increase in intercelular space, changes in cell junctions, reduced caveolae area and changes in the mitochondria with celular degeneration in group II. In group III there was a reduction in intercelular spaces, symmetric cell junction, homogeneity in caveolae areas and return to normal mitochondrial density, similarly seen in group I. Conclusions - Ultrastructural... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
2

Alterações ultra-estruturais induzidas pela instabilidade do detrusor em coelhos : ação da oxibutinina /

Yamamoto, Hamilto Akihissa. January 2004 (has links)
Orientador: João Luiz Amaro / Resumo: Alterações ultra-estruturais induzidas pela instabilidade do detrusor em coelhos. Ação da oxibutinina. Introdução e Objetivos - A obstrução parcial da bexiga pode ocasionar instabilidade vesical. A oxibutinina intravesical pode melhorar os sintomas de urgência ou incontinência urinária, nos pacientes que não respondem ao tratamento ou apresentam efeitos colaterais importantes, com a oxibutinina oral. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as alterações ultra-estruturais na instabilidade vesical de coelhos tratados com oxibutinina intravesical. Material e Métodos - Foram utilizados 15 coelhos machos, Norfolk distribuídos, de maneira aleatória, em 3 grupos experimentais, sendo cada grupo composto por 5 animais: Grupo I - Controle Clínico, Grupo II - Instabilidade vesical e Grupo III - Instabilidade vesical + oxibutinina intravesical. Nos grupos II e III os animais foram submetidos à técnica de obstrução parcial infravesical e foram incluídos os animais que desenvolveram contrações involuntárias do detrusor durante o estudo cistométrico. Nos coelhos do grupo III foi instilado oxibutinina intravesical na dose de 0,5mg/Kg uma vez por dia. Após 30 dias os animais foram submetidos à avaliação do peso corporal, peso da bexiga, exames laboratoriais (creatinina plasmática e cultura de urina), avaliação citométrica e estudo de microscopia eletrônica. Resultados - O ganho de peso corporal médio nos grupos G1, GII e GIII foi estatisticamente significante nos diferentes momentos. Após 30 dias o peso da bexiga dos animais do GII e GIII foi estatisticamente maior que o do grupo GI. Observamos infecção urinária em 80% dos casos no grupo GII, em 40% no grupo GIII e ausência no grupo controle. No grupo G III verificamos ausência de contrações involuntárias do detrusor em 80% dos casos no momento final. No estudo com microscopia eletrônica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Ultrastructural alterations observed in rabbits with detrusor instability: The action of oxybutynin. Introduction and Objectives - Partial bladder outlet obstruction may develop detrusor instability (DI). Intravesical oxybutynin is known to improve clinical symptoms and urodynamic findings in these patients. The aim of this study was to perform electron microscopy study on bladder of rabbits with detrusor instability submitted or not to intravesical instillation of oxybutynin. Materials e methods - 15 male Norfolk rabbits were randomly distributed into 3 groups: In group I (n=5), no surgical intervention was performed. In group II and III, detrusor instability was developed using a cable-tie located around the urethra and a 10 Fr urethral catheter urodynamic study was performed 1 week after the procedure. Only those animals that developed detrusor instability were included in the study (5 animals in each group). In group III, 0,5mg/Kg/d of oxybutinin was instilled inside the bladder during 30 days. After urodynamic study, animal and bladder weight, creatinin and urine culture were evaluated. All the animals were sacrificed and study electron microscopic evaluation was performed. Results - In group I, urodynamic study showed no alteration. In group II and III, 100% and 20% of the animals presented DI at the end of the study. Urinary tract infection was present in 80% and 40% in groups II and III respectively. Average bladder weight after sacrifice was higher in groups II and III than in group I. Electron microscopy showed an increase in intercelular space, changes in cell junctions, reduced caveolae area and changes in the mitochondria with celular degeneration in group II. In group III there was a reduction in intercelular spaces, symmetric cell junction, homogeneity in caveolae areas and return to normal mitochondrial density, similarly seen in group I. Conclusions - Ultrastructural... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
3

Ganhos e perdas genômicas em momentos sucessivos do carcinoma urotelial de bexiga humana

Nascimento e Pontes, Merielen Garcia [UNESP] 27 August 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimentoepontes_mg_dr_botfm.pdf: 553102 bytes, checksum: 6f4ebc00fc0583f012e1a99ab95ffefe (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Toxicam / Urinary bladder carcinomas (UBC) frequently recur. During the intervals “free‐ofneoplasia”, between the initially diagnosed tumor and its recurrences, there are not undisputable histological alterations in the mucosa, although some studies have reported DNA damage in urothelial cells. In order to understand developmental characteristics of UBC, primary tumors and their recurrences were cytogenetically evaluated for their genomic expression by High Resolution Comparative Genomic Hybridization (HR‐CGH). Tumors and their respective recurrences, six low‐grade (LG) and five high‐grade (HG) cases, provided 20 tissue samples that were submitted to laser microdissection capture followed by HR‐CGH. HR‐CGH profiles had two different analyses – all tumors altogether or classified according to their respective histological grades. Both comparisons showed high frequency (80%) of gains in 11p12 and losses in 16p12, in agreement with the literature that indicate alterations of 11p and 16p in UBC recurrences. These findings suggest that those chromosome regions contain putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes critical for urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Within a same patient genomic profile showed high agreement between tumors and their respective recurrences, i.e., tumors from the same patient showed a large number of common losses and gains. The high similarities of genomic alterations in successive tumors from the same patient suggest that a stable genomic profile was established in UBCs and their recurrences. Besides, during the “free‐of‐neoplasia” intervals, negative urinary bladder washes were submitted to Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) to detect quantitative alterations in centromeres 7 (n=21 samples), 17 (n= 21) and 9p21 (n=36). No numerical alterations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
4

Ganhos e perdas genômicas em momentos sucessivos do carcinoma urotelial de bexiga humana /

Nascimento e Pontes, Merielen Garcia. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: João Lauro Viana de Camargo / Coorientador: Silvia Regina Rogatto / Banca: Claudia Aparecida Rainho / Banca: Mônica Vannucci Nunes Lipay / Banca: Carlos Márcio Nóbrega de Jesus / Banca: Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro Filho / Resumo: Não disponível / Abstract: Urinary bladder carcinomas (UBC) frequently recur. During the intervals "free‐ofneoplasia", between the initially diagnosed tumor and its recurrences, there are not undisputable histological alterations in the mucosa, although some studies have reported DNA damage in urothelial cells. In order to understand developmental characteristics of UBC, primary tumors and their recurrences were cytogenetically evaluated for their genomic expression by High Resolution Comparative Genomic Hybridization (HR‐CGH). Tumors and their respective recurrences, six low‐grade (LG) and five high‐grade (HG) cases, provided 20 tissue samples that were submitted to laser microdissection capture followed by HR‐CGH. HR‐CGH profiles had two different analyses - all tumors altogether or classified according to their respective histological grades. Both comparisons showed high frequency (80%) of gains in 11p12 and losses in 16p12, in agreement with the literature that indicate alterations of 11p and 16p in UBC recurrences. These findings suggest that those chromosome regions contain putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes critical for urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Within a same patient genomic profile showed high agreement between tumors and their respective recurrences, i.e., tumors from the same patient showed a large number of common losses and gains. The high similarities of genomic alterations in successive tumors from the same patient suggest that a stable genomic profile was established in UBCs and their recurrences. Besides, during the "free‐of‐neoplasia" intervals, negative urinary bladder washes were submitted to Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) to detect quantitative alterations in centromeres 7 (n=21 samples), 17 (n= 21) and 9p21 (n=36). No numerical alterations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
5

Alterações do colágeno e do sistema elástico induzidas pela hiperatividade do detrusor em coelhos: ação da oxibutinina

Polido Júnior, Armando [UNESP] 20 February 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 polidojunior_a_me_botfm.pdf: 989957 bytes, checksum: e24274a0c6e7786867b4093856d1ab1c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as alterações histopatológicas e histomorfométricas do colágeno e das fibras do sistema elástico na bexiga, utilizando um modelo experimental de hiperatividade do detrusor (HD) em coelhos com obstrução parcial da bexiga (OPB) submetidos à oxibutinina intravesical. Materiais e Métodos: Quarenta e cinco coelhos machos Norh Folk, pesando em média 2207,4 g, foram divididos, de forma randomizada, em 3 grupos. Grupo I (GI): controle clínico (n=15), sem intervenção cirúrgica; os outros animais foram submetidos à OPB, no momento M0, utilizando uma técnica previamente descrita por Balasthegin. Desses animais, 29 desenvolveram HD, avaliada por estudo cistométrico uma semana após a cirurgia, no momento M1, e foram divididos, de forma randomizada, em grupo GII (n=14) e grupo GIII - OPB + oxibutinina intravesical (n=15, 0.5 mg/kg peso corporal, diariamente por 28 dias). Um animal foi excluído por não ter desenvolvido HD. Creatinina sérica, cultura de urina e estudo cistométrico foram realizados em todos os animais, uma semana após OPB (M1) e 4 semanas após M1 (M2), quando os animais foram sacrificados. O diâmetro das fibras musculares foram medidas nas secções de bexigas coradas com HE e determinadas em μm. As secções foram também coradas pela técnica de Picro-Sirius Red para evidenciar colágeno e pela Fuccina Resorcina de Weighert para caracterizar as fibras do sistema elástico. As análises... / The present study aims to evaluate the histopathological and histomorphometric changes of collagen and fibers of the elastic system in the bladder, using an experimental model of detrusor hyperactivity (DH) in rabbits with partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) that underwent intravesical oxybutynin. Material and Methods: Forty-five North Folk male rabbits, weighting on average 2,207.4 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group GI: controls (n=15), in which there was no surgical intervention; the remaining animals were submitted to PBOO, at M0 moment, as previously described by Balasteghin. 29 of the animals developed DH, verified by a cystometric study conducted one week after surgery, at M1 moment, and were randomly divided into group GII (n=14) and group GIII - PBOO + intravesical oxybutynin (n=15, 0.5 mg/kg body weight, daily for 28 days). One animal was excluded because it did not develop DH. Serum creatinine, urine culture, and cystometric study were performed on all animals one week after PBOO (M1) and 5 weeks after PBOO (M2), when the animals were sacrificed. Diameter of muscle fiber was measured on HE-stained bladder sections and is given in μm. Sections were also stained by Picro-Sirius Red technique for evidencing collagen and by Weigert’s Fuchsin- Resorcin for characterizing the elastic system fibers. The morphometric analyses were carried out using the program Pro- Image Plus and Image J. The biochemical collagen concentration in the bladder wall was determined by a hydroxyproline assay and was expressed as μg hydroxyproline per mg dry, defatted tissue. Results: After 4 weeks, bladder weight was significantly higher in animals from GII and GIII as compared to GI (9.61 ± 5.36 and 6.00 ± 2.18 vs 2.35 ± 0.55, respectively)...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
6

Expressão e função dos receptores para cininas em células de tumor de bexiga: mecanismos relacionados

Sgnaolin, Vanessa January 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T19:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000437983-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 3242745 bytes, checksum: 9b67fa711fdfe3bdd518bb49b3f07fc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This study was designed to characterize, by means of functional and molecular approaches, the relevance of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in bladder cancer. Our data clearly shows that both B1 des-Arg9-BK and B2 BK receptor agonists were able to stimulate the proliferation of the grade 3-derived bladder cancer T24 cells. Furthermore, the incubation of B1 and B2 receptor antagonists, SSR240612 and HOE140, respectively, markedly inhibited the proliferation rate of T24 cells. In contrast, only higher concentrations of BK elicited the proliferation of the grade 1 bladder cancer cell line RT4, while des-Arg9-BK incubation completely failed to induce its proliferation. Interestingly, real time PCR experiments revealed that mRNA expression of B2, and mainly B1 receptors was found superior in T24 cells, in comparison to the low malignity grade RT4 cells. Furthermore, data obtained using bladder cancer human biopsies revealed that B1 receptor expression was visibly increased in all tumoral samples or under chronic inflammation of bladder. Concerning the signaling pathways related to the mitogenic effects of kinins, we bring novel evidence showing that pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kg with AS252424 concentration-dependently reduced T24 cell proliferation induced by BK or des-Arg9-BK. Finally, the incubation of T24 cells with kinin agonists led to a marked activation of PI3K/AKT and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways, whereas p38 MAP kinase remained unaffected. Our results indicate that kinin B2, and especially B1 receptors appear to be implicated in bladder cancer progression. It is tempting to suggest that selective kinin antagonists might represent potential therapeutic alternatives for bladder cancer control. / O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar, através de abordagens funcionais e moleculares, a relevância dos receptores B1 e B2 para as cininas no câncer de bexiga. Os dados obtidos mostraram que tanto o agonista dos receptores B1, des- Arg9-BK, quanto do receptor B2, BK, foram capazes de estimular a proliferação das células de câncer de bexiga grau 3, denominadas T24. Além disso, a incubação dos antagonistas dos receptores B1 e B2, SSR240612 e HOE140, respectivamente, inibiram acentuadamente a proliferação das células T24. Por outro lado, apenas maiores concentrações de BK levaram à proliferação das células de câncer de bexiga grau 1 RT4; enquanto a incubação com des-Arg9-BK não induziu sua proliferação. De maneira similar, os resultados revelaram que a expressão de mRNA dos receptores B2 e, principalmente, dos receptores B1 foi superior em células T24, em comparação com as células RT4, que apresentam baixo grau de malignidade. Além disso, os dados obtidos com biópsias de câncer de bexiga humano revelaram que a expressão do receptor B1 foi claramente maior em todas as amostras tumorais ou, em uma biópsia obtida de um quadro de inflamação crônica de bexiga. Em relação às vias de sinalização relacionadas com os efeitos mitogênicos das cininas, os dados obtidos mostram que a inibição farmacológica da PI3Kg com AS252424 reduziu de maneira concentração-dependente a proliferação das células T24, quando está foi induzida por BK ou des-Arg9-BK. Finalmente, a incubação das células T24 com agonistas dos receptores de cininas produziu uma acentuada ativação das vias de sinalização PI3K/AKT e ERK 1/2, enquanto a via p38 MAP quinase permaneceu inalterada. Nossos resultados indicam que os receptores de cininas B2 e, especialmente, os receptores B1 parecem estar associados com a progressão do câncer de bexiga. Dessa forma, é possível sugerir que antagonistas seletivos de receptores de cininas poderiam representar alternativas terapêuticas interessantes para o controle do câncer de bexiga.
7

Influência da fixação e de métodos de secagem na detecção de alterações proliferativas ultraestruturais induzidas pelo Diuron no urotélio vesical de ratos wistar

Fava, Rafaela Marono [UNESP] 26 February 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000789911.pdf: 4430961 bytes, checksum: a8d7b6bf4c33af337660ca64c4555cba (MD5) / Diuron is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic to the rat urinary bladder at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). Different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) processing methods resulted in differing observations of early urothelial changes induced by exposure to this herbicide. This study evaluated the influence of SEM processing methods on the detection of urothelial alterations induced by diuron. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (basal diet), 7.1% Sodium Saccharin (NaS) (positive control) and 2500 ppm diuron, and fed for 7 days or 15 weeks. Urinary bladders were fixed with Bouin’s or glutaraldehyde fixative and processed by critical point drying (CPD) or by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for comparison of the cytotoxic and proliferative changes induced by diuron in the urothelium. Histological and cell proliferation evaluations were also performed. After seven days, no differences in the incidence of histological urothelial lesions or labeling indices were detected among the groups; however, the incidence of urothelial lesions after 15 weeks was significantly increased in the animals fed diuron or NaS. After seven days or 15 weeks, the severity of urothelial alterations was significantly higher in animals fed with diuron. Both fixative and drying methods allowed for the identification of prenecrotic swollen superficial cells in the urothelium after seven days exposure to 2500 ppm diuron. Our results confirmed that the presence of prenecrotic swollen cells in the urothelium is an early key event due to diuron cytotoxicity and is not an artifact related to the processing methods used
8

Fatores associados à Síndrome da Bexiga Hiperativa em idosas da comunidade : um estudo transversal

Bontempo, Albênica Paulino dos Santos 24 March 2017 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, 2017. / Texto parcialmente liberado pelo autor. Conteúdo restrito: Capítulo 3. Publicações. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-07-06T20:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_AlbênicaPaulinodosSantosBontempo_PARCIAL.pdf: 1476187 bytes, checksum: ef939577a871b32ad23d9bc8c64238f6 (MD5) / Rejected by Ruthléa Nascimento (ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br), reason: on 2017-07-06T20:16:08Z (GMT) / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-07-06T20:22:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_AlbênicaPaulinodosSantosBontempo_PARCIAL.pdf: 1476187 bytes, checksum: ef939577a871b32ad23d9bc8c64238f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-08-22T21:23:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_AlbênicaPaulinodosSantosBontempo_PARCIAL.pdf: 1476187 bytes, checksum: ef939577a871b32ad23d9bc8c64238f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T21:23:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_AlbênicaPaulinodosSantosBontempo_PARCIAL.pdf: 1476187 bytes, checksum: ef939577a871b32ad23d9bc8c64238f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 / A Síndrome da Bexiga Hiperativa (SBH) é a urgência miccional com ou sem incontinência, polaciúria e noctúria, na ausência de outras patologias locais. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à SBH. Métodos: Foram realizados dois estudos. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura, cujo objetivo foi identificar os fatores associados à ocorrência da SBH em indivíduos com idade >40 anos, por meio da busca de artigos nas principais bases de dados em ciências da saúde. E um estudo transversal, realizado com idosas (>60 anos) da comunidade de Ceilândia-DF/Brasil, avaliadas por meio de entrevistas e questionários. Resultados: Para a revisão, os descritores utilizados foram “overactive bladder”, “risk factors” e “elderly" (em inglês). Encontrou-se 124 artigos, após o uso de filtros: tema principal - “bexiga urinária hiperativa”, idiomas - inglês, português e espanhol, período de 2006/2016, limite - “meia-idade” e “idoso” reduzindo este número para 57. Após leitura do título/resumo foram excluídos 43. Após leitura na íntegra, foram excluídos 9 artigos. Assim, 5 artigos foram selecionados, totalizando uma amostra de 15.190 homens e 20.053 mulheres. Para o segundo estudo, foram elegíveis 292 idosas, destas, 172 eram grupo caso (58,9%) e 120 (41,1%) grupo controle. Observou-se alta prevalência de SBH na população estudada. A análise multivariada apontou que vida sexual ativa reduz em 70,8% a chance de ter SBH; e cirurgias uroginecológicas aumentam em 3,098 vezes esse risco. Conclusão: A literatura apresenta como fatores associados à SBH a idade avançada; sexo feminino; o elevado IMC; a raça (afro-americano e hispânico para homens); etilismo; Diabetes Mellitus, sintomas miccionais e depressão para pessoas de meia-idade e idosos. Já no estudo transversal identificou-se como fator associado à SBH a cirurgia uroginecológica. Em contra partida, apresentar diagnóstico de diabetes e manter vida sexual ativa foram fatores protetores em mulheres idosas da comunidade de Ceilândia-DF. / Hyperactive Bladder Syndrome (SBH) is the urinary urgency with or without incontinence, polaciuria and nocturia, in the absence of other local pathologies. Objective: To identify the factors associated with SBH. Methods: Two studies were carried out. A systematic review of the literature, whose objective was to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of SBH in individuals aged> 40 years, through the search of articles in the main databases in health sciences. A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly women (> 60 years) from the community of Ceilândia-DF / Brazil, evaluated through interviews and questionnaires. RESULTS: For the review, the descriptors used were "overactive bladder", "risk factors" and "elderly". There were 124 articles, after the use of filters: main theme - "overactive urinary bladder", languages - English, Portuguese and Spanish, period 2006/2016, limit "middle age" and "old", reducing this number to 57. After reading the title / abstract, 43 were excluded. After reading the entire article, 9 articles were excluded. For the second study, 292 elderly women were eligible, of which 172 were case group (58.9%) and 120 (41.1%) were the control group. The multivariate analysis showed that active sexual life reduces the chance of having SBH by 70.8%, and urogynecological surgeries increase by 3,098 times this risk Conclusion: The literature presents as associated factors SBH the old age; Female, high BMI, race (African American and Hispanic for men); Alcoholism; Diabetes Mellitus, voiding symptoms and depression for middle-aged and elderly people. In the cross-sectional study, urogynecological surgery was identified as a factor associated with SBH. In contrast, presenting a diagnosis of diabetes and maintaining active sexual life were protective factors in elderly women from the community of Ceilândia-DF.
9

Influência da fixação e de métodos de secagem na detecção de alterações proliferativas ultraestruturais induzidas pelo Diuron no urotélio vesical de ratos wistar /

Fava, Rafaela Marono. January 2014 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Luiza Cotrim Sartor de Oliveira / Coorientador: Mirielen Garcia Nascimento e Pontes / Banca: Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli / Banca: Daniela Carvalho dos Santos / Resumo: Não disponivel / Abstract: Diuron is a substituted urea herbicide, carcinogenic to the rat urinary bladder at high dietary levels (2500 ppm). Different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) processing methods resulted in differing observations of early urothelial changes induced by exposure to this herbicide. This study evaluated the influence of SEM processing methods on the detection of urothelial alterations induced by diuron. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (basal diet), 7.1% Sodium Saccharin (NaS) (positive control) and 2500 ppm diuron, and fed for 7 days or 15 weeks. Urinary bladders were fixed with Bouin's or glutaraldehyde fixative and processed by critical point drying (CPD) or by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for comparison of the cytotoxic and proliferative changes induced by diuron in the urothelium. Histological and cell proliferation evaluations were also performed. After seven days, no differences in the incidence of histological urothelial lesions or labeling indices were detected among the groups; however, the incidence of urothelial lesions after 15 weeks was significantly increased in the animals fed diuron or NaS. After seven days or 15 weeks, the severity of urothelial alterations was significantly higher in animals fed with diuron. Both fixative and drying methods allowed for the identification of prenecrotic swollen superficial cells in the urothelium after seven days exposure to 2500 ppm diuron. Our results confirmed that the presence of prenecrotic swollen cells in the urothelium is an early key event due to diuron cytotoxicity and is not an artifact related to the processing methods used / Mestre
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Análise da expressão dos receptores purinérgicos P2X no câncer de bexiga

Carvalho, Daniela de Oliveira January 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T02:02:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000458593-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 1436191 bytes, checksum: b126309dee58688d2fe23cb45be67db7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / The purinergic system can induce proliferation, differentiation and death on tumor cells. Different P2 purinergic receptors are involved in preventing the growth of these cells. Although the mechanisms are not completely known, they may represent interesting therapeutic targets to control tumors. The RT4 and T24 human tumor bladder cell lines have been used as low and high cancer malignancy phenotype models, respectively. Our research group has demonstrated that quercetin increases the ADP hydrolysis and inhibits ecto-5'-nucleotidase/ CD73, exerting an anti-proliferative effect on T24 cell lines. We also demonstrate that T24 cell lines expresses the purinergic enzymes CD39L4 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase / CD73, and have low hydrolytic activity of ATPase and ADPase in contrast to a high activity AMPase. These data suggest the involvement of the enzymes and purinergic receptors on progression the tumor of the bladder, as well as other tumor types.The objective of the present study was characterize the purinergic receptors P2X (1-7) expression profile on human bladder tumor cell lines and biopsies; and investigate the inflammatory genes that are up-regulated on high-grade human tumor bladder cells compared to low grade tumor bladder cells. Human bladder cells RT4 and T24 were obtained from the ATCC. Cells were cultured in DMEN and RPMI, respectively, supplemented with 10% of fetal bovine serum (FBS), under ideal conditions of cultivation Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey–Kramer test. To confirm the relevance of P2X (1-7) receptors in bladder cancer, we have also assessed their expression in human biopsies. For this purpose, upon approval by the local ethics committee, specimens of bladder tumors and normal tissues were obtained from the same patients, who have been undergone surgical resection at the Hospital São Lucas/PUCRS. All samples were collected and rapidly frozen in -80ºC with RNA holder.Tissue specimens were ground and then sonicated in a TRIzol kit. The mRNA level was analyzed using RT-PCR analysis. Real-time PCR revealed that the mRNA expression of P2X purinergic receptors, particulary P2X4R was significantly up-regulated on both T24 and RT4 cell lines. Data from human bladder tumor biopsies comparing to bladder normal tissue, showed that P2X6 and P2X7 receptors appeared to be most often up-regulated on tumor tissues. Twelve inflammation related genes, CCL2, CCR2, TNF-α, MAPK3, IL-1β, IL-6, ADORA1, CD200, CD4, CHRNA4, EDNRA e ITGB2 were significantly up-regulated on the grade III bladder tumor cell line T24 when compared to grade I bladder tumor cell line RT4. Our results indicate that the inflammation genes overexpressed may play an important role in regulating urinary bladder cancer. We can conclude that P2X purinoreceptors and inflammation genes are differentially distributed among normal bladder, low and high tumor bladder, which could contribute to the different characteristics of these different types of cells. / O sistema purinérgico pode induzir a proliferação, diferenciação e morte em células tumorais. Diferentes receptores purinérgicos P2, estão envolvidos na inibição do crescimento tumoral. Embora os mecanismos não sejam completamente conhecidos, estes receptores podem representar alvos terapêuticos interessantes no tumor de bexiga. As linhagens celulares derivadas de tumor de bexiga humano RT4 e T24 têm sido usadas como modelo de baixa e alta malignidade de tumor, respectivamente. Estudos realizados pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa têm demonstrado o envolvimento do sistema purinérgico no tumor de bexiga. A quercetina aumenta a hidrólise do ADP e inibe a ecto - 5' - nucleotidase / CD73, exercendo um efeito anti - proliferativo sobre as células T24. Também demonstramos que as linhagens de células T24 expressam enzimas CD39L4 e ecto - 5' - nucleotidase / CD73, e têm baixa atividade hidrolítica de ATPase e ADPásica com uma elevada atividade AMPásica. Estes dados sugerem o envolvimento das enzimas e receptores purinérgicos na progressão do tumor de bexiga, bem como em outros tipos de tumor. O objetivo do estudo é caracterizar a expressão dos receptores purinérgicos P2X (1-7) em biópsias de câncer de bexiga e linhagens celulares de tumor de bexiga humano, relacionado com o perfil de genes inflamatórios mais expressos nestas amostras.Metodologia: As linhagens celulares de bexiga humanas RT4 e T24 foram obtidas a partir da ATCC. As células foram cultivadas em meio RPMI e DMEN, respectivamente, suplementado com 10 % de soro fetal bovino (SFB), sob condições ideais de cultivo. Para confirmar a relevância dos receptores P2X (1-7) no tumor de bexiga, avaliou-se a expressão em biópsias humanas. Para isso, após aprovação pelo comitê de ética local, amostras de tecidos normais e tumorais de bexiga foram obtidas dos mesmos pacientes, submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica no Hospital São Lucas / PUCRS. O RNA total dos tecidos foi isolado utilizando kit TRIzol . O nível de mRNA foi analisado utilizando análise RT - PCR .Resultados: O PCR em tempo real revelou que a expressão de mRNA de receptores purinérgicos P2X, particularmente P2X4R foi significativamente up- regulada em ambas linhagens RT4 e T24. Dados a partir de biópsias de tumores de bexiga humanos que comparam os resultados de expressão do tecido tumoral em relação ao tecido normal de bexiga, demonstrou que os receptores de P2X6 e P2X7 estão superexpressos em tecidos tumorais. Doze genes relacionados com a inflamação, CCL2, CCR2, TNF-α, MAPK3, IL-1β, IL-6, ADORA1, CD200, CD4, CHRNA4, EDNRA e ITGB2 foram significativamente superexpressos em células T24 derivadas de tumor de grau III quando comparadas com as células RT4 derivadas de tumor de grau I. Nossos resultados indicam que os genes superexpressos de inflamação podem desempenhar um papel importante na regulação do tumor de bexiga urinária. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que purinoreceptores P2X e os genes inflamatórios são diferencialmente distribuídos entre bexiga normal e tumoral, o que pode contribuir para as diferentes características destes diferentes tipos de tumores.

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