Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνάται η βιοκλιματική δόμηση και αναλύονται θέματα άμεσα συνυφασμένα με αυτή. Ο βιοκλιματικός σχεδιασμός, στοχεύει στην εκμετάλλευση των θετικών περιβαλλοντικών παραμέτρων ώστε να μειωθούν οι ενεργειακές ανάγκες του κτιρίου καθ' όλη τη διάρκεια του έτους και να εξοικονομήσει τη συμβατική ενέργεια. Η εφαρμογή της βιοκλιματικής αρχιτεκτονικής μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε ενεργειακή ανεξαρτησία των μη Ανανεώσιμων Πηγών Ενέργειας έως 60%. Παράλληλα συμβάλλει στην αυξανόμενη μείωση των εκπομπών CO2. Η βιοκλιματική αρχιτεκτονική, στοχεύει στην κατασκευή βιώσιμων κατοικιών και πόλεων, έτσι είναι εξέχουσας σημασίας η χρησιμοποίηση ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας για την ορθή λειτουργία της κατοικίας. Στόχος είναι η κατασκευή κατοικιών που δεν ρυπαίνουν το περιβάλλον και καλύπτουν τις ανάγκες των ενοίκων με φυσικούς τρόπους χωρίς να τους επιβαρύνουν οικονομικά ούτε να προκαλούν προβλήματα στην υγεία τους και ρύπανση στο περιβάλλον. Στόχος της βιοκλιματικής αρχιτεκτονικής είναι επίσης η εξασφάλιση θερμικής, οπτικής και ακουστικής άνεσης, οι οποίες δημιουργούν ευχάριστα αισθήματα στους ενοίκους κατά τη διαμονή τους στην κατοικία και επιτυγχάνεται με την ορθή χρήση των παθητικών και των ενεργητικών συστημάτων, εφόσον υπάρχουν, σύμφωνα με τις προσωπικές ανάγκες των ενοίκων. Μέσα από αυτή την εργασία θα παρουσιάσω όλους εκείνους τους τρόπους-συστήματα (παραδοσιακά και σύγχρονα) που θα εντάξουν ένα κτίριο στην βιοκλιματική δόμηση. Όλα αυτά τα συστήματα είτε πρόκειται για ενεργητικά είτε για παθητικά έχουν ένα στόχο την εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας και την επίτευξη άνεσης με ότι αύτη περιλαμβάνει. / In this diploma thesis the bioclimatic building and many issues about this is, investigated and analyzed. The bioclimatic design, aims to exploit the positive environmental aspects to reduce the energy consumption of the building throughout the year and save non-renewable sources of energy. The application of bioclimatic architecture can lead to a 60% independence of non-renewable sources of energy. It can also contributes to a further reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Bioclimatic architecture, aims to build sustainable homes and cities, so it is of utmost importance to use renewable sources of energy for the proper function of the residence. The aim is to build homes that do not pollute the environment and meet the needs of residents in natural ways without being a financial burden and cause health problems. The aim of bioclimatic architecture is also to ensure thermal, visual and acoustic comfort, which creates a pleasant feeling to the guests during their stay in the house. This can be reached with the proper use of passive and active systems, according to personal needs of occupants. Through this work I will present all those way-systems (traditional and modern) that will incorporate a building in bioclimatic construction. All these systems whether passive or active has a goal of saving energy and achieving comfort.

A escassez de água é um dos maiores desafios do nosso século. Parece mentira, uma vez que do planeta são ocupados por água. Essa abundância aparente leva-nos a considerar a água como um elemento barato, farto e inesgotável. Contudo, desse total, 97,5% são de água salgada, restando 2,5% de água doce, dos quais 1,75% formam geleiras, sendo, portanto, inacessíveis. E o pior: a exploração irracional da água doce armazenada nos lençóis subterrâneos, rios e lagos está ameaçando a magra fatia de 0,75% da água que pode ser usada pelo homem. Se a escassez e a poluição já são problemas concretos em muitos países, os quais já instituíram um efetivo gerenciamento de seus recursos hídricos, no Brasil a preocupação de cientistas e ambientalistas nem sempre é levada a sério. Afinal, temos mais de 12% da água potável do globo. No entanto, esta riqueza é extremamente mal distribuída: cerca de 80% estão na região amazônica; os 20% restantes distribuem-se desigualmente pelo país, atendendo a 95% da população. Cada vez que chove, milhões de litros de água, que normalmente deveram se infiltrar no solo correm pelos telhados e pelo asfalto até acabar em um rio poluído, sem nenhuma possibilidade de uso. E essa água pode e deve ser aproveitada, tanto para evitar enchentes quanto para economizar recursos hídricos e financeiros. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estruturar um projeto de um sistema de coleta e aproveitamento da água de chuva, para fins não potáveis, para uma edificação a ser construída nas instalações de uma indústria de reparo e construção naval. Para tanto, foi apresentada uma metodologia cuja tecnologia para captação e aproveitamento da água de chuva baseou-se num levantamento bibliográfico e foi validada através da aplicação em um estudo de caso. Espera-se que este trabalho seja o ponto de partida para muitos outros dentro da indústria, procurando incentivar o aproveitamento da água de chuva para consumo não potável e criando assim uma consciência ecológica em todos os níveis da empresa, contribuindo dessa forma para a sustentabilidade. / The shortage of water is one of the largest challenges of the century. It seems lie, once of the planet are busy for water. That "abundance" apparent group to consider the water as an element cheap, full and inexhaustible. However, of that total one, 97,5% are of salt water, remaining 2,5% of fresh water, of which 1,75% form glaciers, being, therefore, inaccessible. And the worst: the irrational exploration of the fresh water stored at the underground sheets, rivers and lakes is threatening the thin slice of 0,75% of the water that can be used by the man. If the shortage and the pollution are already concrete problems in many countries, which already instituted a cash administration of their hydric resources, in Brazil the scientists concern and environmentalists not always it is taken seriously. After all, it is had more than 12% of the drinking water of the globe. However, this wealth is extremely badly distributed: about 80% they are in the Amazonian area; the remaining 20% are distributed unevenly by the country, assisting to 95% of the population. Every time that rains, million of liters of water, that would usually owe if it infiltrates in the soil, they run for the roofs and for the asphalt until ending in a polluted river, without any use possibility. And that water can and it should be taken advantage, so much to avoid inundations as to save hydric resources and financial. In that way, the objective of this work was it of structuring a project of a collection system and use of the rain water, for ends no drinkable, for a construction to be built in the facilities of a repair industry and shipbuilding. For so much, a methodology was presented whose technology for reception and use of the rain water based on a bibliographical rising and it was validated through the application in a case study. It is waited that this work is the starting point for many other inside of the industry, trying to motivate the use of the rain water for consumption no drinkable and creating like this an ecological conscience in all of the levels of the company, contributing in that way to the sustainability.

A escassez de água é um dos maiores desafios do nosso século. Parece mentira, uma vez que do planeta são ocupados por água. Essa abundância aparente leva-nos a considerar a água como um elemento barato, farto e inesgotável. Contudo, desse total, 97,5% são de água salgada, restando 2,5% de água doce, dos quais 1,75% formam geleiras, sendo, portanto, inacessíveis. E o pior: a exploração irracional da água doce armazenada nos lençóis subterrâneos, rios e lagos está ameaçando a magra fatia de 0,75% da água que pode ser usada pelo homem. Se a escassez e a poluição já são problemas concretos em muitos países, os quais já instituíram um efetivo gerenciamento de seus recursos hídricos, no Brasil a preocupação de cientistas e ambientalistas nem sempre é levada a sério. Afinal, temos mais de 12% da água potável do globo. No entanto, esta riqueza é extremamente mal distribuída: cerca de 80% estão na região amazônica; os 20% restantes distribuem-se desigualmente pelo país, atendendo a 95% da população. Cada vez que chove, milhões de litros de água, que normalmente deveram se infiltrar no solo correm pelos telhados e pelo asfalto até acabar em um rio poluído, sem nenhuma possibilidade de uso. E essa água pode e deve ser aproveitada, tanto para evitar enchentes quanto para economizar recursos hídricos e financeiros. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estruturar um projeto de um sistema de coleta e aproveitamento da água de chuva, para fins não potáveis, para uma edificação a ser construída nas instalações de uma indústria de reparo e construção naval. Para tanto, foi apresentada uma metodologia cuja tecnologia para captação e aproveitamento da água de chuva baseou-se num levantamento bibliográfico e foi validada através da aplicação em um estudo de caso. Espera-se que este trabalho seja o ponto de partida para muitos outros dentro da indústria, procurando incentivar o aproveitamento da água de chuva para consumo não potável e criando assim uma consciência ecológica em todos os níveis da empresa, contribuindo dessa forma para a sustentabilidade. / The shortage of water is one of the largest challenges of the century. It seems lie, once of the planet are busy for water. That "abundance" apparent group to consider the water as an element cheap, full and inexhaustible. However, of that total one, 97,5% are of salt water, remaining 2,5% of fresh water, of which 1,75% form glaciers, being, therefore, inaccessible. And the worst: the irrational exploration of the fresh water stored at the underground sheets, rivers and lakes is threatening the thin slice of 0,75% of the water that can be used by the man. If the shortage and the pollution are already concrete problems in many countries, which already instituted a cash administration of their hydric resources, in Brazil the scientists concern and environmentalists not always it is taken seriously. After all, it is had more than 12% of the drinking water of the globe. However, this wealth is extremely badly distributed: about 80% they are in the Amazonian area; the remaining 20% are distributed unevenly by the country, assisting to 95% of the population. Every time that rains, million of liters of water, that would usually owe if it infiltrates in the soil, they run for the roofs and for the asphalt until ending in a polluted river, without any use possibility. And that water can and it should be taken advantage, so much to avoid inundations as to save hydric resources and financial. In that way, the objective of this work was it of structuring a project of a collection system and use of the rain water, for ends no drinkable, for a construction to be built in the facilities of a repair industry and shipbuilding. For so much, a methodology was presented whose technology for reception and use of the rain water based on a bibliographical rising and it was validated through the application in a case study. It is waited that this work is the starting point for many other inside of the industry, trying to motivate the use of the rain water for consumption no drinkable and creating like this an ecological conscience in all of the levels of the company, contributing in that way to the sustainability.