High rate algae oxidation ponds (HRAOP) for domestic wastewater treatment generate biosolids that are predominantly microalgae. Consequently, HRAOP biosolids are enriched with minerals, amino acids, nutrients and possibly contain plant growth regulator (PGR)-like substances, which makes HRAOP biosolids attractive as fertiliser or PGR. This study investigated HRAOP biosolids as a starting material for a natural, cost-effective and readily-available eco-friendly organic fertiliser and/or PGRs. Various HRAOP extract formulations were prepared and their effect on plant growth and development was evaluated using selected bioassays. Initial screening included assessing the effect on change in specific leaf area, radish cotyledon expansion as an indicator of PGR-like activity, and seed germination index (GI). More detailed studies on fertiliser efficacy and PGR-like activity utilised bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Combined effects of sonicated (S) and 40% v/v methanol (M) extract (5:1 SM) had impressive plant responses, comparable to Hoagland solution (HS). Other potentially fertiliser formulations included 0.5% M, 1% M, 2.5% S and 5% S formulations. The 5:1 SM and 5% S showed greater PGR-like activity, promoting cotyledon expansion by 459 ± 0.02% and 362 ± 0.01%, respectively. GI data showed that none of the formulations negatively impacted germination. Further investigation showed that the 5% S formulation increased leaf length, width and area by 6.69 ± 0.24, 6.21 ± 0.2 mm and 41.55 ± 0.2 mm². All formulated fertiliser extracts had no adverse effect on chlorophyll content and plant nutrient balance as indicated by C:N (8-10:1) ratio. In addition, plants appeared to actively mobilise nutrients to regions where needed as evidenced by a shift in shoot: root ratio depending on C, N and water availability. Furthermore, 5% S caused a 75% increase in tomato productivity and had no effect on bean productivity. Whereas, 5:1 SM and 1% M formulation improved bean pod production by 33.3% and 11%, respectively but did not affect tomato production. Harvest index (HI) however indicated a 3% reduction in tomato productivity with 5:1 SM and little or no enhancement in bean productivity with both 5:1 SM and 5% S treatments. Bean plants treated with 5:1 SM and 5% S produced larger fruits, which could be an indication of the presence of a PGR effect. Overall, HRAOP biosolids extracts prepared and investigated in this study demonstrated both fertiliser characteristics and PGR-like activity with performances comparable and in some cases exceeding that of commercial products. However additional research is needed to confirm presence of PGR-like activities and fertiliser efficacy.

Orientador: Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:40:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moretti_ErikaRabello_M.pdf: 3531369 bytes, checksum: 94f198c17a385f3b6c4cc8f79f3c5617 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho avaliou a ação de quatro porcentagens (0, 1, 5 e 10% - TC, T1, T5 e T10, respectivamente) de inoculo de rúmen bovino produzido por compostagem líquida contínua-CLC® no tratamento anaeróbio seguido de aeróbio de água residuária de suinocultura-ARSC. Em três experimentos, a ARSC foi tratada em reatores anaeróbios em batelada sequencial após adição de inoculo. No ultimo experimento, após 2 h de sedimentação, os efluentes anaeróbios passaram por tratamento aeróbio em batelada sequencial. No primeiro experimento anaeróbio, com TDH de 48 h, ocorreram remoções de DQO entre 20 e 30%, com maiores eficiências no reator T10; maior consumo de alcalinidade ocorreu com maior aplicação de inoculo indicando maior atividade microbiana. No segundo experimento removeu-se entre 35 e 55% de DQOtotal e os reatores T5 e T10 apresentaram os melhores desempenhos e maiores consumos de alcalinidade; avaliou-se TDH de 48 e 72 h e a última foi mais favorável ao tratamento anaeróbio. O terceiro experimento, com TDH de 72 h, indicou que o inoculo atua também na manutenção do equilíbrio do sistema frente a picos de carga; e a maior eficiência de 57% com relação à DQOtotal ocorreu novamente em T10. No experimento aeróbio realizado com os efluentes dos reatores anaeróbios ocorreu remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal, mais acentuada no reator T10. O sistema completo atingiu eficiências globais para DQO de 93% nos reatores TC e T1; e de 79 e 49% nos reatores T5 e T10, respectivamente. Para DQOtotal a etapa aeróbia removeu 49 e 79% nos reatores T10 e T5, respectivamente; e 90% em T1 e TC. No sistema completo, notou-se que as maiores taxas de inoculo desta vez não foram responsáveis pelas maiores eficiência nos sistemas aeróbios / Abstract: This work investigated the performance of inoculums in the treatment of swine wastewater (ARSC). The inoculums were an extract compost of cattle rumen content. The experiment tested four application percentages (0, 1, 5 and 10% - TC, T1, T5 and T10, respectively) in sequencing batch reactors operating in anaerobic followed by aerobic treatment. In three steps, the ARSC was treated in anaerobic sequencing batch after addition of inoculums. In the last experiment, 2 h after sedimentation, the anaerobic effluent passed through aerobic treatment. In the first anaerobic step, with HRT at 48 h, COD removals was between 20 and 30%, with greater efficiencies in T10 reactor; higher consumption of alkalinity occurred with greater application of inoculums indicating microbial activity increasing. In the second step removed between 35 and 55% of total COD and T5 and T10 reactors showed the best performance and higher decreases of alkalinity; it was also evaluated both 48 and 72 h HDT and the last one was better to anaerobic treatment. The third step, with HRT at 72 h, indicated that the inoculums is also active in maintaining the system balance when peak loads occur; and greater efficiency of 57% to total COD occurred again in T10. In the aerobic treatment of anaerobic treated effluent was observed ammonia nitrogen removal. It was more significant in T10 reactor. The overall efficiencies for COD in the complete system reached 93% in TC and T1 reactors, and 79 and 49% in T5 and T10 reactors, respectively. Just the aerobic way accounted a total COD removal of 49 and 79% in T10 and T5, respectively, and 90% in T1 and TC. In the complete system (anaerobic and aerobic), it was noted that the highest rates of inoculums were not responsible for the highest overall efficiency / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

Orientador: Paulo Ademar Martíns Leal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_HaroldoFerreirade_D.pdf: 6464639 bytes, checksum: 214906b4dba75d9ba4e5b1960486ba8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O mercado de alimentos orgânicos cresce a cada ano, porém poucas são as pesquisas que abordam esse sistema de produção. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar e comparar, em termos quantitativos, qualitativos e econômicos, a produção orgânica de minitomateiro em vasos e canteiros associados às diferentes doses de biofertilizante em três ambientes de casas de vegetação com controle micrometeorológico parcial. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no campo experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola (Feagri/Unicamp), com a cultivar Carolina, conduzida no espaçamento 0,5 x 0,9 m em duas hastes com manejo da adubação orgânica e sistema de irrigação por gotejamento automatizado. Em cada casa de vegetação, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com dez tratamentos e cinco repetições. Posteriormente, os dados foram agrupados e reavaliados em análises conjuntas. Os resultados das análises mostraram pouca relevância estatística das doses de biofertilizante sobre as variáveis analisadas, entretanto estas foram significativamente melhores nos canteiros em todas as casas de vegetação, com destaque para a casa de vegetação B quando analisado conjuntamente. As condições micrometeorológicas não foram alteradas entre os ambientes de produção, permanecendo a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar dentro da faixa adequada para a cultura. A casa de vegetação C, com tela termorrefletora fixa, apresentou a maior altura e o menor diâmetro da haste das plantas, associada à forma de cultivo em vasos, com melhor qualidade dos frutos em termos de sólidos solúveis. A casa de vegetação B, com controle temporal automatizado da tela termorrefletora, mostrou maior produtividade na forma de cultivo em canteiros, bem como a unidade de produção com área mínima de 500 m2 para as condições de investimento, com período payback de 6,54 anos em condições de financiamento pelo Pronaf. A aplicação do biofertilizante Microgeo® via solo não indicou acréscimos produtivos e qualitativos significativos no cultivo do minitomate orgânico / Abstract: The organic food market is growing every year, but few researches on this production system. The objective was to evaluate and compare, in quantitative, qualitative and economic terms, the organic production cherry associated soil bed and pot at different levels of biofertilizer in three different environments greenhouses with partial micrometeorologic control. The research was conducted in the experimental field of Faculty of Agricultural Engineering (Feagri/Unicamp), with Carolina growing, conducted in 0.5 x 0.9 m spacing in two stems with organic fertilization management and automated drip irrigation system. The experimental design for each greenhouse was completely randomized design (CRD) in split plot with ten treatments and five replications (two cultivation forms and five biofertilizer levels), being subsequently grouped and re-evaluated on an analysis. The individual analyzes the research showed little statistical relevance of biofertilizer levels on the variables analyzed, however these were significantly better the soil beds in all greenhouses, especially the B greenhouse when analyzed together. Thus concludes the C greenhouse, with fixed thermal reflector screen, showed the highest height and smaller diameter the stem of plants associated with the form cultivation in pots, with better fruit quality in terms of total soluble solids, while the greenhouse B with automated temporal control of thermal reflector screen, had the highest productivity associated the form of grown in soil beds, as well as the best production unit with a minimum area of 500 m2 for Pronaf investment conditions, and economically viable even for real rates of interest above the prevailing market, with period payback of 6.54 years in financing conditions. The application of biofertilizer Microgeo® the soil showed no significant yield and qualitative increases in organic farming cherry / Doutorado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria is well documented as a means to enhance growth and increase yields of various crops, especially when used as an alternative or a supplement to the use of nitrogenous fertilizers and agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture. Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for increasing crop productivity, and the use of chemical sources of N fertilizers is expensive, and may contribute to environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need to identify diazotrophic inoculants as an alternative or supplement to N-fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. The search for effective diazotrophic bacterial strains for formulation as biofertilizers has been going on for over 40 years and a number of inoculant biofertilizers have been developed and are commercially available. In the current study, 195 free-living diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from soils collected from the rhizosphere and leaves of different crops in different areas within the KwaZulu-Natal Province, Republic of South Africa. Ninety five of the isolates were selected for further screening because they were able to grow on N-free media using different carbon sources. Isolates that were very slow to grow on N-free media were discarded. Of these, 95 isolates were screened in vitro for growth promotion traits tests including tests for ammonia production and acetylene reduction. The best 20 isolates that were also able to reduce acetylene into ethylene were selected for growth-promotion trials on maize under greenhouse conditions. Of the 20 isolates, ten isolates enhanced (P = 0.001) growth of maize above the Un-inoculated Control. Molecular tests were conducted to identify the ten most promising isolates selected in the in vitro study. In the greenhouse study, these diazotrophic isolates were screened for their ability to enhance various growth parameters of maize (Zea mays L.), following various inoculation techniques (drenching, seed treatment, foliar spray and combination of these). Inoculations with the five best diazotrophic isolates by various methods of application increased dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content (P < 0.001, P = 0.001), respectively, compared to the Untreated Control. Although, all methods of application of diazotrophic inoculants used in this study resulted in increased dry weight and leaf chlorophyll content, combined methods of application (seed treatment + drenching) and sole application (seed treatment) were significantly more (P < 0.05) efficient. The best five most promising isolates were identified for growth promotion of maize under greenhouse conditions. They were also assessed for their effects on germination of wheat in vitro and were further tested in combination with various levels of nitrogenous fertilizer for growth-promotion of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). These five isolates were also investigated for their potential to enhance growth and yields of maize and wheat crops in field trials, when combined with a low dose of nitrogenous fertilizer. These isolates were further studied for their contribution for enhancing plant growth through nitrogen fixation by predicting N content in leaves using a chlorophyll content meter (CCM-200) and correlated to extractable chlorophyll level at R2 = 0.96. In this study, relative to the Un-inoculated Control, the best five isolates enhanced growth of maize and wheat when combined with a 33% N-fertilizer levels for a number of growth parameters: increased chlorophyll levels and heights of maize, shoot dry weight of maize and wheat; and enhanced root and shoot development of these crops in both greenhouse and field conditions. The best contributions of diazotrophic bacteria was achieved by Isolate LB5 + 0% NPK (41%), V9 + 65% NPK (28.9%), Isolate L1 + 50% NPK (25%), Isolate L1 + 25%NPK (22%) and LB5 + 75% NPK (15%) undergreenhouse conditions. At 30 or 60 DAP, isolates with 33%N-fertilizer caused relatively higher dry weight than the 100%NPK. Inoculation of Isolate StB5 without 33N% fertilizer cuased significant (P<0.005) increases in stover dry weight. In field studies, inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria alone or with 33%N-fertilizer resulted in relatively greater increases of dry weight, stover dry weight, number of spikes and yield at different growth stages higher than the Un-inoculated or Unfertilized Control. However, the increases were not statistically significant. The use of microbial inoculants in combination with low doses of nitrogenous fertilizers can enhance crop production without compromising yields. The isolates obtained in this study can effectively fix nitrogen and enhance plant growth. The use of microbial inoculants can contribute to the integrated production of cereal crops with reduced nitrogenous fertilizer inputs, as a key component of sustainable agriculture. / Ph.D. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 2013.

Inoculation with free-living diazotrophic bacteria is well documented to enhance vegetative growth and yield increases of various crops coupled with suppression of sublethal pathogens. The use of microbial inoculants has been identified as an alternative or supplement to use of nitrogenous fertilizers and agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture. The search for effective free-living diazotrophic bacterial strains for formulation as biofertilizers has been on going since the 1970’s and a number of inoculant biofertilizers have been developed and are commercially available. In the current study, 250 free-living diazotrophic bacteria were isolated from soils collected from the rhizosphere and leaves of different crops in different areas within KwaZulu-Natal, province, Republic of South Africa. These were evaluated for plant growth-promotion and biological control of damping-off fungi initially by in vitro screening. The growth promotion traits tested included, phosphate-solubilization, production of indole-3-acetic acid, production of ammonia and acetylene reduction. Biocontrol traits evaluated included siderophore-production, antibiosis, and production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Biochemical and molecular bioassay tests were conducted to identify the twenty most promising isolates selected in the in vitro study. The twenty isolates were further tested in combination with various levels of nitrogenous fertilizer for growth-promotion of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under greenhouse conditions. The five most promising isolates identified for growth promotion under greenhouse conditions for each crop were assessed for their effects on the germination of maize in vitro and growth and yields of two maize and two wheat cultivars, when combined with a low dose of nitrogenous fertilizer in field trials. The five Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn isolates that suppressed the growth of a wide range of pathogenic fungi in vitro were tested for their efficacy against damping-off of wheat caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in the greenhouse. These isolates were further studied for their modes of action against R. solani in vitro. The modes of action tested included antibiosis, production of siderophores, extracellular enzymes, production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and antibiotic resistance. The twenty most promising bacterial isolates identified from the in vitro screening reduced acetylene to ethylene, produced indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores, one isolate solubilized phosphate, and 9 inhibited the growth of R. solani. These twenty isolates enhanced growth of maize and wheat above the Uninoculated Control under greenhouse conditions. The growth enhancements varied with bacterial isolate x crop species interactions, which identified five different isolates for each of the two crops. Relative to the Uninoculated Control, the best five isolates significantly (P = 0.001) enhanced the growth of maize and wheat at all fertilizer levels for a number of growth parameters: increased chlorophyll levels and heights of maize, shoot dry biomass of maize and wheat, and enhanced root development of maize in the greenhouse. Inoculation of maize and wheat with the two most promising isolates identified from the field trial for each crop, in combination with 65% and 50% of the recommended amount of nitrogenous fertilizer for maize and wheat, respectively, caused the same increases in shoot biomass as the Fully Fertilized Control. Application of a combination of the best bacterial isolates and 35% nitrogenous fertilizer resulted in the same or greater shoot dry biomass and yields of both maize and wheat under field conditions. Shoot dry biomass of wheat increased by 75% above the Uninoculated Control and 30% above the Fully Fertilized Control. The wheat yield increased by 95% above the Uninoculated Control and 43% above the Fully Fertilized Control. Seed inoculation with the best isolates combined with 35% N increased yields of maize by 41% above the Uninoculated Control and 15% above the Fully Fertilized Control. The best isolates significantly (P < 0.001) increased plant height, chlorophyll levels and shoot biomass of maize relative to the Uninoculated Control. There was a positive correlation between chlorophyll level and yield, chlorophyll level and shoot dry biomass, height and shoot dry biomass and height and yield of maize at P = 0.01 with r values of 0.87, 0.77, 0.92 and 0.81, respectively. The isolates that exhibited multiple plant-growth promoting traits in vitro, increased shoot biomass of both maize and wheat in the greenhouse and field, and caused yield increases in the two crops under field conditions. Five B. subtilis isolates inhibited the growth of some of the pathogenic fungi tested in vitro up to 95%. Seed inoculation with the same isolates significantly (P = 0.001) suppressed R. solani damping-off of wheat under greenhouse conditions and exhibited multiple mechanisms of disease control in vitro. The use of microbial inoculants in combination with low doses of nitrogenous fertilizers can enhance crop production without compromising the yields. The B. subtilis isolates obtained in this study can effectively control R. solani damping-off of wheat, fix nitrogen and enhance plant growth. The use of microbial inoculants can contribute to the integrated production of cereal crops with reduced nitrogenous fertilizer inputs, as a key component of sustainable agriculture. Key words: Free-living bacteria; plant growth-promotion; diazotrophs; biological nitrogen fixation; phosphate-solubilization; siderophores; indole-3-acetic acid; biocontrol; damping-off / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Orientador: Sarita Leonel / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas / Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: Maria Sonia Lopes da Silva / Banca: Lindete Míria Vieira Martins / Resumo: Os sistemas de produção orgânicos fundamentados em processos naturais, não admitem a utilização de fertilizantes sintéticos que apresentam elevada solubilidade, requerendo o uso de tecnologias que atendam a legislação de produção orgânica e viabilizem a sustentabilidade técnica, ambiental e econômica de suas atividades. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do emprego de adubos minerais naturais e orgânicos, em associação com biofertilizantes líquidos (BLE = Biofertilizante Líquido Enriquecido e BF= Biofertilizante Foliar) sobre a produção de frutos de pinheira Annona squamosa L. em substituição total aos fertilizantes químicos, utilizados na agricultura convencional, conduziu-se em um pomar de plantas com idade de nove anos, localizado no lote irrigado nº 1295, do perímetro irrigado Senador Nilo Coelho, município de Petrolina-PE, no período de setembro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006, um experimento utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos: ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Organic production systems are based on natural process that eliminates the use of synthetically produced fertilizers with high water solubility, demanding technologies according to organic production rules and allowing technical, ambiental and economical sustainability of its activities. In order to completely replace the chemical fertilizers used in conventional agriculture, this assay analyzed the effects of natural mineral and organic fertilizers associated to liquid biofertilizers (BLE - improved liquid biofertilizers and BF - foliar biofertilizer) in sugar apple fruits. The experiment was carried out from September, 2005 to February, 2006 in an orchard with 9 years old located in an irrigated district at Senador Nilo Coelho, in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with eight treatments, four replications and three plants per replication, totalizing 96 plants. The treatments were ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This study aimed to evaluate commercial biofertiliser quality and awareness amongst smallholder farmers in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Sixty-seven smallholder farmers were interviewed in Gauteng Province by using a survey method, while the physicochemical and microbiological properties of 13 biofertilisers were evaluated using laboratory experiments. The results showed that awareness and use of biofertiliser are very poor, with 96% of the smallholder farmers surveyed not having biofertiliser knowledge. Furthermore, the products lack basic quality parameters: 54% contained no biofertiliser strain while all the products contained microbial contaminants. The pH, moisture content and viable microbial densities were below the acceptable standards for some of the products. Two fungal and 58 bacterial operational taxonomic units were obtained from the 16S rRNA Sanger sequences while 5 791 OTUs were obtained from the Illumina Miseq system. Approximately 40%, 41% and 59% of the isolates were positive for nitrogen-fixation, siderophore production and phosphorous solubilisation. Overall, there is a need to improve awareness amongst farmers and promote good-quality biofertiliser products for increased crop productivity. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_jf_dr_botfca.pdf: 470793 bytes, checksum: 9a71343ae2c8850181a2a0e27fbae4b5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os sistemas de produção orgânicos fundamentados em processos naturais, não admitem a utilização de fertilizantes sintéticos que apresentam elevada solubilidade, requerendo o uso de tecnologias que atendam a legislação de produção orgânica e viabilizem a sustentabilidade técnica, ambiental e econômica de suas atividades. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do emprego de adubos minerais naturais e orgânicos, em associação com biofertilizantes líquidos (BLE = Biofertilizante Líquido Enriquecido e BF= Biofertilizante Foliar) sobre a produção de frutos de pinheira Annona squamosa L. em substituição total aos fertilizantes químicos, utilizados na agricultura convencional, conduziu-se em um pomar de plantas com idade de nove anos, localizado no lote irrigado nº 1295, do perímetro irrigado Senador Nilo Coelho, município de Petrolina-PE, no período de setembro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006, um experimento utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos:... / Organic production systems are based on natural process that eliminates the use of synthetically produced fertilizers with high water solubility, demanding technologies according to organic production rules and allowing technical, ambiental and economical sustainability of its activities. In order to completely replace the chemical fertilizers used in conventional agriculture, this assay analyzed the effects of natural mineral and organic fertilizers associated to liquid biofertilizers (BLE - improved liquid biofertilizers and BF - foliar biofertilizer) in sugar apple fruits. The experiment was carried out from September, 2005 to February, 2006 in an orchard with 9 years old located in an irrigated district at Senador Nilo Coelho, in Petrolina-PE, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with eight treatments, four replications and three plants per replication, totalizing 96 plants. The treatments were ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-07T14:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS17MA151.pdf: 1330126 bytes, checksum: 59dacc20ec3cec7aef8aabe5c4fe81d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T14:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS17MA151.pdf: 1330126 bytes, checksum: 59dacc20ec3cec7aef8aabe5c4fe81d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / PROMOP / CNPq / The use of animal waste as fertilizer is a common practice, but often performed without technical criteria. Among the residues generated and used in agriculture, the cattle manure, characterized by the mixture of excretions of birds and other organic remains, presents adequate concentration of nutrients and ease handling, since it presents in solid form. Its use associated with mineral fertilizers, generating organomineral fertilizers, is still an incipient practice due to the lack of results that demonstrate advantages over mineral fertilization. The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of organic, mineral and organomineral fertilizers in wheat and bean yield, as well as changes in soil chemical attributes. The organomineral fertilizer was produced blending monoammonium phosphate and poultry litter, each source supplying 90% and 10% of NPK content, respectively. Two experiments were installed, in the greenhouse and in the field. The greenhouse experiment was conducted at UDESC, using a Haplic Cambisol cultivated with wheat and it were tested six treatments: FOM 100, with 100% of the recommendation of NPK in the organomineral form; CA 10, with the same amount of poultry litter present in FOM 100 treatment; FM 90, with the same amount of mineral fertilizer present in the FOM 100 treatment; CA 100, with 100% recommendation of NPK in the form of poultry litter; FM 100, with 100% of NPK recommendation in mineral form; and TEST, control. The treatments were evaluated in six sampling periods at 2, 4, 8, 15, 30 and 80 days after implantation. The dry matter accumulation, the nutrient uptake by the plants and chemical changes in the soil were evaluated. The field experiment was installed at the experimental area of UDESC, Lages-SC, in a Humic Cambisol, which was cultivated with bean and wheat. In this study, eight treatments were evaluated: the FOM 150, with 150% of the recommendation of NPK in the organomineral form and FM 150, with 150% of the NPK recommendation in the mineral form. Grain yield and total dry mass of the crops, nutrient exportation, and soil chemical changes were evaluated. In the greenhouse, dry matter yield and nutrient contents in wheat did not vary between sources when they were applied at equivalent rates. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents were initially increased by fertilization but reduced during cultivation, suffering little variation between the sources when applied at equivalent rates. In the field experiment, when the rates of nutrients were near or above the recommended for the crop there was no difference among fertilizer sources. Due to the equivalent efficiency, organomineral fertilization may be used as a substitute for organic or mineral fertilization but it does not present additional advantages in terms of crop yield and improvement of soil chemical attributes / A utilização de dejetos de animais como fertilizantes é uma prática comum, porém muitas vezes realizada sem critérios técnicos. Dentre os resíduos gerados e utilizados na agricultura a cama aviária, caracterizada pela mistura de excreções de aves e outros restos orgânicos, apresenta boa concentração de nutrientes e facilidade de manejo, por apresentar-se na forma sólida. A sua utilização associada com fertilizantes minerais, gerando os adubos organominerais, ainda é uma prática incipiente pela falta de resultados que comprovem vantagens em relação a adubação mineral. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficiência agronômica de fertilizantes orgânicos, minerais e organominerais no rendimento de trigo e feijão, bem como alterações em atributos químicos de solo. O fertilizante organomineral foi produzido pela mistura de fosfato monoamônio e cama aviária, cada fonte suprindo 90% e 10% do conteúdo de NPK, respectivamente. Foram instalados dois experimentos, em casa-de-vegetação e no campo. O experimento de casa-de-vegetação foi conduzido nas dependências do CAV/UDESC, utilizando Cambissolo Háplico, o qual foi cultivado com trigo. Neste experimento foram avaliados seis tratamentos: FOM 100, com 100% da recomendação de NPK na forma de organomineral; CA 10, com a mesma quantidade de cama aviária presente no tratamento FOM 100; FM 90, com a mesma quantidade de adubo mineral presente no tratamento FOM 100; CA 100, com 100% da recomendação de NPK na forma de cama aviária; FM 100, com 100% da recomendação de NPK na forma mineral; e TEST, testemunha. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em seis períodos de amostragem, aos 2, 4, 8, 15, 30 e 80 dias após a implantação. Avaliou-se o acúmulo de massa seca, a absorção de nutrientes pelas plantas e alterações químicas no solo. O experimento a campo foi instalado na fazenda experimental do CAV/UDESC, localizada no interior de Lages-SC, em um Cambissolo Húmico, o qual foi cultivado com feijoeiro e trigo. Neste foram avaliados oito tratamentos, sendo os mesmos do primeiro estudo, acrescidos de outros dois: FOM 150, com 150% da recomendação de NPK na forma organomineral e FM 150, com 150% da recomendação de NPK na forma mineral. Avaliou-se o rendimento de grãos e massa seca total das culturas, exportação de nutrientes e alterações químicas no solo. Em casa-de-vegetação, o rendimento de matéria seca e os teores de nutrientes no trigo não variaram entre as fontes quando estas foram aplicadas em doses iguais. No solo os teores de N, P, K, Ca e Mg foram inicialmente aumentados pela adubação e reduziram no tempo, porém sofreram pouca variação entre as fontes, quando aplicadas em doses equivalentes. À campo as fontes avaliadas, quando em doses próximas ou acima do recomendado para a cultura, permitiram adequados rendimentos de grãos e massa seca, mas não apresentaram comportamentos diferenciados entre fertilizantes. Em função da eficiência equivalente, a adubação organomineral pode ser utilizada em substituição à adubação orgânica ou mineral, porém não apresenta ganhos adicionais em termos de rendimento e melhoria em atributos químicos do solo