I conducted a four-month ethnographic fieldwork study to document the stories of thirteen post-kidney-transplant minority patients and three nephrologists at Boston Medical Center. My research explores how patients’ interactions with health professionals, medical regimens, dialysis treatments, and adaptation to living with transplanted kidneys constantly shape their identities and perceptual worlds. Patients’ narratives highlighted the emotional struggles they encountered along the path of End-Stage Renal Disease, which unfolded as distinct experiences influenced by their varied backgrounds. The majority of my patient-participants lived on the verge of poverty, and in some cases, their insurance status caused delays in their being registered on the transplant waiting list, making them endure a long wait. Some patients were afraid of wearing short sleeves because they thought the scars on their arms from dialysis treatment would lead others to think they were gangsters. Instantiations of various theories emerged from the saturated data and narrative analysis, from Bourdieu’s concept of habitus with regard to the process of how patients alter their consciousness through interactions with medicine to Foucault’s ideas of power relations and technologies of the self that address the issues of agency and power that influence the formation of patients’ identities. The intersection of these theoretical frameworks led me to develop the critical medical anthropological-oriented concept of biological citizenship. This paper examines 1) the ways in which “race” interacts with the theoretical concept of biological citizenship and 2) the ways in which socioeconomic status and race tailor a kidney transplant patient’s illness experience, and related discourse.

This thesis examines health promotion discourse in Ottawa during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore what it means to be a responsible citizen. Using press releases/special statements and tweets from January 2020 to November 2022 from city officials and city departments in Ottawa, this thesis employed critical discourse analysis (CDA) to explore potential changes in health promotion discourse and meaning-making, asking how citizenship was remade in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings support claims that health is increasingly neoliberalized, with a greater emphasis placed on individual health as a condition of responsible citizenship. This increased neoliberalization ultimately shifts our attention away from state responsibilities vis-à-vis citizens, and in this case, the neglected role of local governments in managing health crises.

A biological citizenship can be important to gain human rights. This is evident for the disability movement in Nepal, which recently have gained a lot of ground in their struggle for their rights. The NGO Nepal Hemophilia Society (NHS) is a part of this movement and has also profited from this progress. However hemophilia is disease that mostly transmitted to males, which means that the female members of NHS is not affected medically by the disease but socially to a high degree. This thesis aims to explore how the female members handle this situation and find an agency in their vulnerable position.

In the early 2000s, the idea of an “autism epidemic” spurred State action to expand research into autism’s causes and corresponding efforts at prevention, an effort overseen by the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC). However, the language of autism prevention in the IACC’s Strategic Plan changed dramatically between 2009 and 2017, from the wholesale prevention of autism to prevention of its “most disabling aspects.” Through an analysis of IACC meeting transcripts during this timeframe, I trace the process by which this language was changed, with particular attention to the often-conflicting ways in which autistic self-advocates and non-autistic parent advocates framed autism itself. These conflicting conceptions of autism led to conflicting biological citizenship claims regarding the value of prevention, to which the IACC responded by attempting to appease both sides through language without substantially changing its aims. This process highlights the importance of framing in biological citizenship claims, as well as the persistence of the biopower State in asserting the need to regulate the existence of disability in the population.

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En m’appuyant sur la sociologie des attentes technoscientifiques et les études critiques du handicap, j’analyse dans cette thèse l’expérience de personnes diagnostiquées comme obèses ou obèses « morbides » ayant subi une chirurgie bariatrique (ou de perte de poids). Alors que la lutte contre l'obésité a longtemps mis l’accent sur les changements de mode de vie, les discours de santé publique ont pris un ton plus urgent à partir des années 2000, qualifiant l’obésité d’« épidémie » justifiant des interventions radicales. Parallèlement, le stigmate contre la graisse corporelle s’est intensifié, et le nombre de chirurgies bariatriques a connu une croissance exponentielle, notamment chez les femmes. Je défends que ces phénomènes concomitants doivent être interprétés dans le contexte d’une « économie de l’espoir » qui englobe les anticipations des promoteurs de la santé publique, des chercheurs en obésité et chirurgiens bariatriques, des personnes en situation d’obésité, et de leurs proches. Au sein de cette dynamique, la clinique bariatrique devient un lieu où se croisent et se heurtent plusieurs définitions de l’« obésité » et différentes priorités de santé. En me basant sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des patientes bariatriques et des cliniciens, j’explore comment les patientes qui s’est manifesté de manière à la fois discursive, émotionnelle et matérielle, influençant leurs adoptent, rejettent ou réinterprètent les notions médicalisées de l’obésité. Je le fais en examinant les motivations des personnes en obésité à subir une chirurgie bariatrique, ainsi que les transformations physiques, physiologiques, identitaires et sociales qui découlent de ce processus. Je fais valoir que la décision de recourir à la chirurgie de perte de poids n’a pas pour seul objectif l’amélioration de leur santé actuelle et future, mais vise également à obtenir une corpulence conforme aux normes sociales, qui leur permet d’accéder à certains espaces communs et partagés et de remplir des rôles sociaux spécifiques. Je montre que les participantes ont fait l'expérience d’un stigmate attentes à l’égard de la chirurgie, ainsi que leurs expériences de ses effets multiples et parfois contradictoires. J’analyse comment cet objectif de normalisation corporelle est atteint au prix de l’acquisition de nouvelles formes de chronicité, dont la gestion reconfigure le rôle de la patiente et la relation entre la patiente et le médecin. En analysant les contradictions propres à la clinique de l’obésité, cette analyse réinterprète le processus de biomédicalisation comme une logique de substitution ou de déplacement de la chronicité plutôt que de normalisation ou d’optimisation. / Drawing on the sociology of technoscientific expectations and critical disability studies, this thesis investigates the experiences of individuals diagnosed with obesity or morbid obesity who have undergone bariatric (weight loss) surgery. While the fight against obesity has long emphasized lifestyle changes, public health discourse has taken on a more urgent tone since the early 2000s, labeling obesity as an "epidemic” justifying radical interventions. Concurrently, the stigma against excess body weight has intensified, and the number of bariatric surgeries has grown exponentially, particularly among women. I argue that these concurrent phenomena should be understood within the framework of an "economy of hope" that encompasses the expectations of public health advocates, obesity researchers, bariatric surgeons, individuals with obesity, and their closed ones. Within this dynamic, the bariatric clinic becomes a site where multiple definitions of "obesity" and different health priorities intersect and collide. Using semi-structured interviews with bariatric patients and clinicians, I investigate how patients either adopt, reject, or reinterpret medicalized notions of obesity. I achieve this by examining the motivations of individuals with obesity for choosing bariatric surgery and the ensuing physical, physiological, identity, and social transformations. I argue that the decision to undergo weight loss surgery is not solely driven by a desire to enhance current and future health but also to attain a body shape that aligns with societal norms, enabling access to shared spaces and the fulfillment of specific social roles. I demonstrate that participants experience a stigma that manifests itself in discursive, emotional, and material ways, shaping their expectations regarding surgery and their experiences of its multifaceted and at times contradictory effects. I analyze how the pursuit of bodily normalization leads to the acquisition of new forms of chronicity, which, in turn, reshapes the patient's role and the patient-physician relationship. By highlighting the contradictions within the clinic of obesity, this analysis reinterprets the process of biomedicalization as a logic of substitution or shifting chronicity rather than normalization or optimization.