Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-12T11:35:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelladesouzasalomaozanette.pdf: 856423 bytes, checksum: c95ae99e7ef9f490e08fd22c64f7237f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-08-15T13:04:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelladesouzasalomaozanette.pdf: 856423 bytes, checksum: c95ae99e7ef9f490e08fd22c64f7237f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T13:04:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelladesouzasalomaozanette.pdf: 856423 bytes, checksum: c95ae99e7ef9f490e08fd22c64f7237f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O coração é um órgão vital, que bombeia o sangue permitindo a sua circulação pelo corpo. A valva aórtica, e as suas estruturas de apoio ventriculares, formam a peça central do coração. Todas as câmaras do coração estão relacionadas diretamente à valva e seus folhetos são incorporados diretamente no esqueleto cardíaco. Falhas dos folhetos aórticos são as mais comuns entre as doenças relacionadas às valvas do coração, tendo como consequência o impacto negativo na vida do paciente, bem como nas despesas dos sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo. O desenvolvimento de materiais capazes de substituir com eficácia o tecido danificado da valva aórtica é de grande interesse na medicina regenerativa e engenharia de tecidos. As valvas mecânicas e biológicas têm sido amplamente estudadas, mas várias questões relacionadas com a integração ao hospedeiro ainda não foram resolvidas. Promissores protocolos para descelularização de tecidos de valva cardíaca têm sido investigados como uma alternativa para a preparação do material de substituição e para ser empregado como um substrato para a recelularização da matriz. No entanto, alguns protocolos de descelularização utilizados hoje em dia têm algumas limitações, uma vez que ainda não existe um método que permita a descelularização e ao mesmo tempo mantenha a estrutura da matriz extracelular para a posterior recelularização, evitando a rejeição após a implantação e futura substituição da prótese. Assim, o presente trabalho visa a obtenção de uma matriz biológica que satisfaça esses requisitos, por meio da descelularização dos folhetos aórticos de suínos e sua recelularização com células-tronco da polpa dentária humana. Foram testados três protocolos de descelularização, sendo que os protocolos que utilizaram tripsina foram reprodutíveis e forneceram matrizes com menor quantidade de DNA, quando comparados com o protocolo que utilizou apenas detergente e não foi reprodutível. As células-tronco podem ser isoladas de dentes decíduos (SHEDs) humanos e pesquisas apontam sua importância na medicina regenerativa visando à reconstrução de folhetos aórticos. Nesse trabalho, as SHEDs foram obtidas e caracterizadas fenotipicamente, sendo positivas para marcadores mesenquimais e embrionários e negativas para marcadores hematopoiéticos, além de apresentarem, in vitro, potencial de diferenciação osteogênica. Tais células foram então cultivadas em placas de petri com as matrizes descelularizadas, porém não houve sucesso na recelularização. Para tentar contornar esse problema, foi construído um biorreator a fim de aumentar a eficiência da recelularização do tecido, no entanto os resultados estão sendo testados. Vários pontos ainda devem ser abordados a fim de superar os obstáculos da técnica de descelularização do tecido para obter sucesso na recelularização. / Heart is a vital organ that pumps blood allowing its circulation through the body. The aortic valve and their ventricular support structures form the centerpiece of the heart. All chambers of the heart are directly related to the valve, and its leaflets are directly incorporated into the heart skeleton. Amongst heart valves diseases, failures in the aortic leaflets are the most common ones, leading to negative impacts on patients’ life, as well as increases on the costs for health systems worldwide. For regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the development of materials capable of effectively replace damaged aortic valve tissue is of great interest. The mechanical and biological valves have been widely studied, but several issues related to integration to the host have not yet been resolved. Promising decellularization protocols for tissue heart valve have been investigated as an alternative for the preparation of replacement material and to serve as a substrate for matrix repopulation. However, some of the decellularization protocols used today have some limitations, since until now there is still no method which can achieve a complete decellularization while maintaining the structure of extracellular matrix for later repopulation, avoiding rejection after implantation and future replacement of the prosthesis. Thus, the present work aims at obtaining a biological matrix that satisfies such requirements through the decellularization of pigs aortic leaflets and its repopulation with stem cells isolated from human dental pulp. So far, we tested three decellularization protocols. The protocols using trypsin were shown reproducible and yielded a smaller amount of DNA, when compared to the protocol where only detergent was employed, which was also not reproducible. About the stem cells, they can be isolated from human deciduous teeth (SHEDs), with studies indicating its importance in regenerative medicine aimed at the reconstruction of aortic leaflets. In this work, SHEDs were obtained and phenotypically characterized, being positive for mesenchymal and embryonic markers and negative for hematopoietic markers, in addition to presenting in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential. The SHEDs were then cultured in Petri plates with the decellularized matrices, however there was no success in the matrix repopulation. In an attempt to overcome such problem, a bioreactor was built in order to increase the tissue repopulation efficiency, however the results are being tested. Several points still need to be addressed in order to overcome the obstacles of tissue decellularization technique and then achieve a successful recellularization.

<p>In this thesis, porous graphitic carbon (PGC) has been used as packing material in packed capillary liquid chromatography. The unique chromatographic properties of PGC has been studied in some detail and applied to different analytical challenges using both electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ultra violet (UV) absorbance detection. </p><p>The crucial importance of disengaging the conductive PGC chromatographic separation media from the high voltage mass spectrometric interface has been shown. In the absence of a grounded point between the column and ESI emitter, a current through the column was present, and changed retention behaviors for 3-O-methyl-DOPA and tyrosine were observed. An alteration of the chromatographic properties was also seen when PGC was chemically oxidized with permanganate, possibly due to an oxidation of the few surface groups present on the PGC material. </p><p>The dynamic adsorption of the chiral selector lasalocid onto the PGC support resulted in a useful and stable chiral stationary phase. Extraordinary enantioselectivity was observed for 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, and enantioseparation was also achieved for other amines, amino acids, acids and alcohols. </p><p>Finally, a new strategy for separation of small biologically active compounds in plasma and brain tissue has been developed. With PGC as stationary phase it was possible to utilize a mobile phase of high content of organic modifier, without the addition of ion-pairing agents, and still selectively separate the analytes. </p>

In this thesis, porous graphitic carbon (PGC) has been used as packing material in packed capillary liquid chromatography. The unique chromatographic properties of PGC has been studied in some detail and applied to different analytical challenges using both electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ultra violet (UV) absorbance detection. The crucial importance of disengaging the conductive PGC chromatographic separation media from the high voltage mass spectrometric interface has been shown. In the absence of a grounded point between the column and ESI emitter, a current through the column was present, and changed retention behaviors for 3-O-methyl-DOPA and tyrosine were observed. An alteration of the chromatographic properties was also seen when PGC was chemically oxidized with permanganate, possibly due to an oxidation of the few surface groups present on the PGC material. The dynamic adsorption of the chiral selector lasalocid onto the PGC support resulted in a useful and stable chiral stationary phase. Extraordinary enantioselectivity was observed for 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, and enantioseparation was also achieved for other amines, amino acids, acids and alcohols. Finally, a new strategy for separation of small biologically active compounds in plasma and brain tissue has been developed. With PGC as stationary phase it was possible to utilize a mobile phase of high content of organic modifier, without the addition of ion-pairing agents, and still selectively separate the analytes.