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Optical Characterisation of DNA Bases on Silicon SurfacesSilaghi, Simona Dorina 30 June 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden DNA-Basen-Moleküle (Thymin, Cytosin, Adenin und Guanin) auf H-passivierten Si(111)-Substraten mittels theoretischer Berechnungen und optischen Spektroskopien charakterisiert. Für ein einzelnes DNA-Basen-Molekül wurden quantenchemische Berechnungen von Elektronenübergängen und vibronischen Moden durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden die vibronischen Eigenschaften von Metall(Ag,In)/Cytosin-Komplexen sowie die Adsorption von einzelnen Cytosin-Molekülen auf H:Si(111)-Oberflächen studiert.
Die biomolekularen Schichten von DNA-Basen wurden durch organische Molekularstrahldeposition (OMBD) im Ultrahochvakuum auf flachen und vicinalen H:Si(111)-Oberflächen hergestellt. Die Morphologie, Struktur und Kristallinität von DNA-Basen-Schichten wurden mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM), Röntgenbeugung (XRD) und Röntgenreflektometrie (XRR) charakterisiert. Die Vibrationseigenschaften von biomolekularen Schichten wurden experimentell durch Infrarotspektrokopie untersucht. Metall(Ag,In)/Cytosin/H:Si(111)-Heterostrukturen wurden mittels oberflächenverstärkter Ramanstreuung (SERS) charakterisiert. In dieser Arbeit wurden erstmals die optischen Konstanten und die dielektrischen Funktionen von dicken DNA-Basen-Schichten auf ebenen H:Si(111)-Oberflächen mittels spektroskopischer Ellipsometrie (SE) bestimmt. Ebenfalls zum ersten Mal wurden dünne biomolekulare Schichten auf vicinalen H:Si(111)-Oberflächen durch Reflektionsanisotropiespektroskopie (RAS) charakterisiert.
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Electrospray ionization deposition of BSA under vacuum conditionsHecker, Dominic, Gloess, Daniel, Frach, Peter, Gerlach, Gerald 06 September 2019 (has links)
Vacuum deposition techniques like thermal evaporation and CVD with their precise layer control and high layer purity often cannot be applied for the deposition of chemical or biological molecules. The molecules are usually decomposed by heat. To overcome this problem, the Electrospray ionization (ESI) process known from mass spectroscopy is employed to transfer molecules into vacuum and to deposit them on a substrate. In this work, a homemade ESI tool was used to deposit BSA (Bovine serum albumin) layers with high deposition rates. Solutions with different concentrations of BSA were prepared using a methanol:water (MeOH:H2O) mixture (1:1) as solvent. The influence of the substrate distance on the deposition rate and on the transmission current was analyzed. Furthermore, the layer thickness distribution and layer adhesion were investigated.
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Dynamics of Highly Charged Finite Systems Induced by Intense X-ray PulsesCamacho Garibay, Abraham 01 November 2016 (has links) (PDF)
The recent availability of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) has opened a completely new and unexplored regime for the study of light-matter interactions. The extremely bright intensities delivered by XFELs can couple many photons into the target, turning well known interactions such as photoionization and scattering into new, non-linear, complex many-body phenomena. This thesis reports theoretical investigations aiming to improve the understanding of the fundamental processes and dynamics triggered by intense X-ray pulses, with a special focus in finite systems such as molecules and clusters.
Sequential multiple photoionization in atomic clusters was investigated, where previous observations were extended for higher charge states where direct photoionization is frustrated. Through a rate equation study and subsequent molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that frustrated ionization is partially responsible for the low-energy peak observed in the electron energy spectrum. The influence of plasma evaporation over the formation of the sequential low-energy peak was also investigated, identifying the effects of the system size and photon energy.
Multiple channel ionization was also investigated for the case of fullerenes. This is done through a series of studies, starting from a simplified rate equation scheme, and culminating with full molecular dynamics simulations. From these results, a good insight was obtained over the origin, physical meaning, and relevant parameters that give rise to the complicated features observed in the electronic spectra. The mechanisms responsible of all these features are expected to be present in other systems, making these results quite general.
Diffractive imaging of biomolecules was studied in a final step, with a particular focus on the influence of intramolecular charge transfer mechanisms. To this end a conformer of T4 Lysozyme was used, a representative enzyme with well known structure. Charge migration is found to allow for additional processes such as proton ejection, a mechanism which enables an efficient release of energy from the system. This mechanism considerably suppresses structural damage for heavy ions, improving the quality of the measured diffraction patterns.
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Optical Characterisation of DNA Bases on Silicon SurfacesSilaghi, Simona Dorina 17 June 2005 (has links)
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden DNA-Basen-Moleküle (Thymin, Cytosin, Adenin und Guanin) auf H-passivierten Si(111)-Substraten mittels theoretischer Berechnungen und optischen Spektroskopien charakterisiert. Für ein einzelnes DNA-Basen-Molekül wurden quantenchemische Berechnungen von Elektronenübergängen und vibronischen Moden durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden die vibronischen Eigenschaften von Metall(Ag,In)/Cytosin-Komplexen sowie die Adsorption von einzelnen Cytosin-Molekülen auf H:Si(111)-Oberflächen studiert.
Die biomolekularen Schichten von DNA-Basen wurden durch organische Molekularstrahldeposition (OMBD) im Ultrahochvakuum auf flachen und vicinalen H:Si(111)-Oberflächen hergestellt. Die Morphologie, Struktur und Kristallinität von DNA-Basen-Schichten wurden mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM), Röntgenbeugung (XRD) und Röntgenreflektometrie (XRR) charakterisiert. Die Vibrationseigenschaften von biomolekularen Schichten wurden experimentell durch Infrarotspektrokopie untersucht. Metall(Ag,In)/Cytosin/H:Si(111)-Heterostrukturen wurden mittels oberflächenverstärkter Ramanstreuung (SERS) charakterisiert. In dieser Arbeit wurden erstmals die optischen Konstanten und die dielektrischen Funktionen von dicken DNA-Basen-Schichten auf ebenen H:Si(111)-Oberflächen mittels spektroskopischer Ellipsometrie (SE) bestimmt. Ebenfalls zum ersten Mal wurden dünne biomolekulare Schichten auf vicinalen H:Si(111)-Oberflächen durch Reflektionsanisotropiespektroskopie (RAS) charakterisiert.
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Investigation of structural properties in biomolecular systems using synchrotron-based spectroscopiesKummer, Kurt 09 July 2010 (has links)
Solid state approaches to structural properties like diffraction or microscopy techniques often cannot be applied to biomolecular systems, at least not without special postpreparation which often corrupts the desired properties of the pristine systems. In this work the capabilities of synchrotron-based, soft X-ray spectroscopies as an alternative way to unravel structural properties of such systems are tested. To this end, three exemplary systems were investigated each with the focus on another facet and characteristic length scale. The first example are DNA-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers, also known as DNA microarrays or DNA chips, for which a way to monitor and controllably tune the structural composition on the mesoscopic scale of many thousands of molecules was sought for. The second example focuses on the single-molecule and submolecular scale in metalprotein hybrid compounds with the aim to identify the binding site of metal atoms or ions within protein molecules and the underlying interaction mechanisms. The most fundamental structural scale, the level of single bonds and molecular orbitals, is addressed in the last example where it was tried to elaborate an approach to map the topology of molecular orbitals based upon X-ray absorption properties. This approach was put to the practical test for the characteristic pi*peptide orbitals in protein backbones. For all three investigated examples, spectroscopies using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation were able to extract the desired information, thus confirming that they may grant alternative access to structural properties of soft-matter systems in cases where standard approaches fail. / Klassische Festkörpertechniken zur Strukturuntersuchung, wie Streu- oder Mikroskopiemethoden, können häufig nicht auf Biomolekülsysteme angewandt werden, zumindest nicht ohne spezielle Postpräparation, die die ursprünglichen Eigenschaften dieser Systeme oft verfälscht. In dieser Arbeit soll untersucht werden, inwieweit Röntgenspektroskopien basierend auf Synchrotronstrahlung einen alternativen Zugang zu Struktureigenschaften solcher Systeme bieten. Dazu wurden drei Systeme exemplarisch untersucht, jeweils mit Schwerpunkt auf einen anderen Aspekt und charakteristischen Längenbereich. Für selbstorganisierende DNA-Alkanthiol-Schichten, sogenannte DNA-Chips, wurde nach eine Weg gesucht, ihre strukturelle Zusammensetzung auf der mesoskopischen Ebene vieler tausend Moleküle zu bestimmen und kontrolliert zu modifizieren. Metallisierte Proteinstrukturen wurden auf Einzelmolekül- bzw. submolekularer Ebene untersucht, mit dem Ziel, die Orte der Metallanlagerung innerhalb des Proteins und die zugrundeliegenden Wechselwirkungsmechanismen zu identifizieren. Die unterste strukturelle Ebene, der Bereich einzelne Bindungen und Molekülorbitale, wurde adressiert am Beispiel der pi*peptide Orbitale des Proteinrückrats. Dafür wurde eine Methode zur Kartographierung einzelner Orbitale anhand von Röntgenabsorptionseigentschaften herausgearbeitet und praktisch getestet. In allen drei Fällen konnten Röntgenspektroskopien die nötigen Informationen liefern und damit ihr Potential für Strukturuntersuchungen in weicher Materie unter Beweis stellen.
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Investigation of structural properties in biomolecular systems using synchrotron-based spectroscopiesKummer, Kurt 11 August 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Solid state approaches to structural properties like diffraction or microscopy techniques often cannot be applied to biomolecular systems, at least not without special postpreparation which often corrupts the desired properties of the pristine systems. In this work the capabilities of synchrotron-based, soft X-ray spectroscopies as an alternative way to unravel structural properties of such systems are tested. To this end, three exemplary systems were investigated each with the focus on another facet and characteristic length scale. The first example are DNA-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers, also known as DNA microarrays or DNA chips, for which a way to monitor and controllably tune the structural composition on the mesoscopic scale of many thousands of molecules was sought for. The second example focuses on the single-molecule and submolecular scale in metalprotein hybrid compounds with the aim to identify the binding site of metal atoms or ions within protein molecules and the underlying interaction mechanisms. The most fundamental structural scale, the level of single bonds and molecular orbitals, is addressed in the last example where it was tried to elaborate an approach to map the topology of molecular orbitals based upon X-ray absorption properties. This approach was put to the practical test for the characteristic pi*peptide orbitals in protein backbones. For all three investigated examples, spectroscopies using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation were able to extract the desired information, thus confirming that they may grant alternative access to structural properties of soft-matter systems in cases where standard approaches fail. / Klassische Festkörpertechniken zur Strukturuntersuchung, wie Streu- oder Mikroskopiemethoden, können häufig nicht auf Biomolekülsysteme angewandt werden, zumindest nicht ohne spezielle Postpräparation, die die ursprünglichen Eigenschaften dieser Systeme oft verfälscht. In dieser Arbeit soll untersucht werden, inwieweit Röntgenspektroskopien basierend auf Synchrotronstrahlung einen alternativen Zugang zu Struktureigenschaften solcher Systeme bieten. Dazu wurden drei Systeme exemplarisch untersucht, jeweils mit Schwerpunkt auf einen anderen Aspekt und charakteristischen Längenbereich. Für selbstorganisierende DNA-Alkanthiol-Schichten, sogenannte DNA-Chips, wurde nach eine Weg gesucht, ihre strukturelle Zusammensetzung auf der mesoskopischen Ebene vieler tausend Moleküle zu bestimmen und kontrolliert zu modifizieren. Metallisierte Proteinstrukturen wurden auf Einzelmolekül- bzw. submolekularer Ebene untersucht, mit dem Ziel, die Orte der Metallanlagerung innerhalb des Proteins und die zugrundeliegenden Wechselwirkungsmechanismen zu identifizieren. Die unterste strukturelle Ebene, der Bereich einzelne Bindungen und Molekülorbitale, wurde adressiert am Beispiel der pi*peptide Orbitale des Proteinrückrats. Dafür wurde eine Methode zur Kartographierung einzelner Orbitale anhand von Röntgenabsorptionseigentschaften herausgearbeitet und praktisch getestet. In allen drei Fällen konnten Röntgenspektroskopien die nötigen Informationen liefern und damit ihr Potential für Strukturuntersuchungen in weicher Materie unter Beweis stellen.
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Dynamics of Highly Charged Finite Systems Induced by Intense X-ray PulsesCamacho Garibay, Abraham 15 September 2016 (has links)
The recent availability of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) has opened a completely new and unexplored regime for the study of light-matter interactions. The extremely bright intensities delivered by XFELs can couple many photons into the target, turning well known interactions such as photoionization and scattering into new, non-linear, complex many-body phenomena. This thesis reports theoretical investigations aiming to improve the understanding of the fundamental processes and dynamics triggered by intense X-ray pulses, with a special focus in finite systems such as molecules and clusters.
Sequential multiple photoionization in atomic clusters was investigated, where previous observations were extended for higher charge states where direct photoionization is frustrated. Through a rate equation study and subsequent molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that frustrated ionization is partially responsible for the low-energy peak observed in the electron energy spectrum. The influence of plasma evaporation over the formation of the sequential low-energy peak was also investigated, identifying the effects of the system size and photon energy.
Multiple channel ionization was also investigated for the case of fullerenes. This is done through a series of studies, starting from a simplified rate equation scheme, and culminating with full molecular dynamics simulations. From these results, a good insight was obtained over the origin, physical meaning, and relevant parameters that give rise to the complicated features observed in the electronic spectra. The mechanisms responsible of all these features are expected to be present in other systems, making these results quite general.
Diffractive imaging of biomolecules was studied in a final step, with a particular focus on the influence of intramolecular charge transfer mechanisms. To this end a conformer of T4 Lysozyme was used, a representative enzyme with well known structure. Charge migration is found to allow for additional processes such as proton ejection, a mechanism which enables an efficient release of energy from the system. This mechanism considerably suppresses structural damage for heavy ions, improving the quality of the measured diffraction patterns.
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Analytical and computational workflow for in-depth analysis of oxidized complex lipids in blood plasmaCriscuolo, Angela, Nepachalovich, Palina, Garcia-del Rio, Diego Fernando, Lange, Mike, Ni, Zhixu, Baroni, Massimo, Cruciani, Gabriele, Goracci, Laura, Blüher, Matthias, Fedorova, Maria 05 March 2024 (has links)
Lipids are a structurally diverse class of biomolecules which can undergo a variety of chemical modifications. Among them, lipid (per)oxidation attracts most of the attention due to its significance in the regulation of inflammation, cell proliferation and death programs. Despite their apparent regulatory significance, the molecular repertoire of oxidized lipids remains largely elusive as accurate annotation of lipid modifications is complicated by their low abundance and often unknown, biological context-dependent structural diversity. Here, we provide a workflowbased on the combination of bioinformatics and LC-MS/MS technologies to support identification and relative quantification of oxidized complex lipids in a modification type- and position-specific manner. The developed methodology is used to identify epilipidomics signatures of lean and obese individualswith and without type 2 diabetes. The characteristic signature of lipid modifications in lean individuals, dominated by the presence of modified octadecanoid acyl chains in phospho- and neutral lipids, is drastically shifted towards lipid peroxidation-driven accumulation of oxidized eicosanoids, suggesting significant alteration of endocrine signalling by oxidized lipids in metabolic disorders.
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